The gut microbiota: a key factor in the therapeutic effects of (poly)phenols
Abstract
(Poly)phenols (PPs) constitute a large family of phytochemicals with high chemical diversity that are known to be active principles of plant-derived nutraceuticals and herbal medicinal products. Their pharmacological activity, however, is difficult to demonstrate due to their mild physiological effects, and to the large inter-individual variability observed. Many PPs have little bioavailability and reach the colon almost unaltered. There they encounter the gut microbes resulting in a two-way interaction in which PPs modulate the gut microbiota composition, and the intestinal microbes catabolize the ingested PPs to release metabolites that are often more active and better absorbed than the native phenolic compounds. The type and quantity of the PP metabolites produced in humans depend on the gut microbiota composition and function, and different metabotypes have been identified. However, not all the metabolites have the same biological activity, and therefore the final health effects of dietary PPs depend on the gut microbiota composition. Stratification in clinical trials according to individuals' metabotypes is necessary to fully understand the health effects of PPs. In this review, we present and discuss the most significant and updated knowledge regarding the reciprocal interrelation of the gut microbiota with dietary PPs as a key factor that modulates the health effects of these compounds. The review will focus in those PPs that are known to be metabolized by gut microbiota resulting in bioactive metabolites.
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Bioavailability and some biological activity of ω-3 fatty acids or polyphenols might be dependent on conversion by the gut microbiota.
“However, bioavailability and some biological activity might also be dependent on conversion by the gut microbiota (413), which is the case in the interaction between polyphenols, microbiota, and associated beneficial effects (507).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [507]
The extent of the beneficial systemic effect of certain nutrients (e.g., polyphenols) depends on the ability of an individual's microbiota phenotype to convert the nutrients into bioavailable compounds.
“In fact, the extent of the beneficial systemic effect of certain nutrients (e.g., polyphenols) depends on the ability of an individual's microbiota phenotype to convert the nutrients into bioavailable compounds (507).”
From Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health (2021) · cites this paper as [507]
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The Role of Polyphenols in Human Health and Food Systems: A Mini-Review
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- Authors
- Espín, J. C., González-Sarrías, A., & Tomás-Barberán, F. A.
- Affiliations
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Tomás-Barberán, Francisco A.
- Venue
- Biochemical Pharmacology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-09
- Volume
- 139
- Pages
- 82-93
- ISSN
- 0006-2952 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2611265774
- Cited by
- 603
- References
- 122
- Citations by year
- 2026: 51 · 2025: 50 · 2024: 60 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 61 · 2021: 91 · 2020: 92 · 2019: 69 · 2018: 54 · 2017: 12
- FWCI
- 5.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Biochemical Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (201370E068)
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
- European Cooperation in Science and Technology
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Pomegranate: compositions and health benefits
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, polyphenols, polyphenol metabolism, gut microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, metabolic phenotypes, bioavailability, nutraceuticals, herbal medicinal products, interindividual variability, clinical trial stratification
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Diet, Healthy, Animals, Antioxidants, Digestion, Flavonoids, Humans, Hydrogenation, Hydrolysis, Hydroxylation, Intestinal Absorption, Phenols, Stilbenes, Colorectal Neoplasms, Anticarcinogenic Agents, Dietary Supplements, Plant Preparations, Dysbiosis
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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