Cited by 112Gut microbiota and healthPhytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesProbiotics and Fermented Foods

The role of the gut microbiota in the metabolism of polyphenols as characterized by gnotobiotic mice

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Pasinetti, Giulio Maria, Singh, Risham, Westfall, Susan, Herman, Francis, Faith, Jeremiah, Ho, Lap·2018·Journal of Alzheimer s Disease

Abstract

A growing body of experimental data suggests that microbes in the gut influence behavior and can alter brain physiology and neurochemistry. Although promising, researchers are only starting to understand the potential of the gut microbiota for use in neurological disease. Recent evidence demonstrated that gastrointestinal activities are linked to mood disorders such as anxiety, depression, and most recently, cognitive functions in age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Studies from our group and others are uncovering new evidence suggesting that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the metabolism and bioavailability of certain dietary compounds and synthetic drugs. Based on this evidence, this review article will discuss the implications of the gut microbiota in mechanisms of bioavailability and biotransformation with an emphasis on dietary polyphenol compounds. This will be followed by a survey of ongoing innovative research identifying the ability of individual gut bacteria to enhance the bioavailability of gut-derived, brain-penetrating, bioactive polyphenol metabolites that ultimately influence mechanisms associated with the promotion of resilience against psychological and cognitive impairment in response to stress. Lastly, current research initiatives aimed at promoting the generation of brain bioactive polyphenol metabolites by specialized gut microbes will be discussed, specifically the use of gnotobiotic mice to develop bioengineered second generation probiotics. We propose that leveraging the gut microbial ecosystem to generate brain targeted bioactive metabolites from dietary polyphenols can attenuate lifestyle risk factors and promote resilience against age-related cognitive decline.

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Crossref · 10.3233/jad-171151

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  • Other microbial metabolites, including bioactive molecules produced from metabolism of polyphenols and phenolic compounds as well as phytates, mediate gut-brain communication.

    “Other microbial metabolites are being discovered to mediate the gut-brain communication, including bioactive molecules produced from the metabolism of polyphenols and phenolic compounds as well as phytates (413).”
  • Bioavailability and some biological activity of ω-3 fatty acids or polyphenols might be dependent on conversion by the gut microbiota.

    “However, bioavailability and some biological activity might also be dependent on conversion by the gut microbiota (413), which is the case in the interaction between polyphenols, microbiota, and associated beneficial effects (507).”

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  1. [95]Smith PA 2015 Brain, meet gut Nature 526 312 26469024

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Authors
Pasinetti, G. M., Singh, R., Westfall, S., Herman, F., Faith, J., & Ho, L.
Affiliations
  • James J. Peters VA Medical Center (US)
  • Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
  • McGill University (CA)
Corresponding author
Pasinetti, Giulio Maria
Venue
Journal of Alzheimer s Disease
Published
2018-04-24
Volume
63
Issue
2
Pages
409-421
ISSN
  • 1387-2877 (ISSN-L)
  • 1875-8908
OpenAlex
W2796649808
Cited by
112
References
155
Citations by year
2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 8
FWCI
1.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Journal of Alzheimer s Disease (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (IK6 BX003785)
  • National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (P50AT008661)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
Keywords
gut microbiota, dietary polyphenols
MeSH terms
Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Germ-Free Life, Humans, Gastrointestinal Tract, Mice, Polyphenols

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