Sex differences in the regulation of social and anxiety-related behaviors: insights from vasopressin and oxytocin brain systems
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To understand how the brain regulates behavior, many variables must be taken into account, with sex as a prominent variable. In this review, we will discuss recent human and rodent studies showing the sex-specific involvement of the neuropeptides vasopressin and oxytocin in social and anxiety-related behaviors. We discuss that sex differences can be evident at pre-pubertal ages as seen in the sex-specific regulation of social recognition, social play, and anxiety by the vasopressin system in juvenile rats. We further discuss that the oxytocin system in humans and rodents alters brain activation, anxiety, and sociosexual motivation in sex-specific ways. Finally, we propose that knowledge of vasopressin and oxytocin mediated sex-specific brain mechanisms can provide essential insights into how these neuropeptide systems contribute to sex-specific vulnerability as well as resilience to perturbations, with subsequent relevance to social and emotional disorders.
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There is little to no effect of manipulating oxytocin on play despite its widespread involvement in a myriad of social behaviors, implicating a sex-specific and region-specific role for vasopressin in promoting play.
“Notably, there is little to no effect of manipulating oxytocin on play despite its widespread involvement in a myriad of social behaviors (Bredewold, et al., 2014; Bredewold & Veenema, 2018), implicating a sex-specific and region-specific role for vasopressin in promoting play.”
From Developmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play (2020) · cites this paper as Bredewold & Veenema, 2018
Section 2 reports that blocking vasopressin V1a receptors in the lateral septum changed social play in opposite directions in juvenile male and female rats, supporting a sex- and region-specific role. It says oxytocin or oxytocin-receptor manipulations produced different behavioral effects, but does not establish that manipulating oxytocin has little to no effect on play. Section 3 supports oxytocin’s broader involvement in social behavior. (LLM, conf=0.83)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe neurochemical underpinnings of motivated play appear to be distinct in each sex.
“Moreover, the neurochemical underpinnings of motivated play appear to be distinct in each sex (Bredewold & Veenema, 2018), which is discussed further below.”
From Developmental origins of sex differences in the neural circuitry of play (2020) · cites this paper as Bredewold & Veenema, 2018
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- Authors
- Bredewold, R., & Veenema, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Veenema, Alexa H
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-04
- Volume
- 49
- Pages
- 132-140
- ISSN
- 0959-4388 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6055524
- OpenAlex
- W2793284717
- Cited by
- 144
- References
- 65
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 2.29
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurobiology (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- NSF (1253386)
- NIMH (R15MH102807, R01MH102456)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- sex differences, vasopressin, oxytocin, social behavior, anxiety, neuropeptides, social recognition, social play, young rats, brain activation, resilience
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Anxiety, Brain, Female, Humans, Male, Oxytocin, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Vasopressins
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