Age and sex differences in oxytocin and vasopressin V1a receptor binding densities in the rat brain: focus on the social decision-making network
Open accessAbstract
Oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVP) regulate various social behaviors via activation of the OT receptor (OTR) and the AVP V1a receptor (V1aR) in the brain. Social behavior often differs across development and between the sexes, yet our understanding of age and sex differences in brain OTR and V1aR binding remains incomplete. Here, we provide an extensive analysis of OTR and V1aR binding density throughout the brain in juvenile and adult male and female rats, with a focus on regions within the social decision-making network. OTR and V1aR binding density were higher in juveniles than in adults in regions associated with reward and socio-spatial memory and higher in adults than in juveniles in key regions of the social decision-making network and in cortical regions. We discuss possible implications of these shifts in OTR and V1aR binding density for the age-specific regulation of social behavior. Furthermore, sex differences in OTR and V1aR binding density were less numerous than age differences. The direction of these sex differences was region-specific for OTR but consistently higher in females than in males for V1aR. Finally, almost all sex differences in OTR and V1aR binding density were already present in juveniles and occurred in regions with denser binding in adults compared to juveniles. Possible implications of these sex differences for the sex-specific regulation of behavior, as well potential underlying mechanisms, are discussed. Overall, these findings provide an important framework for testing age- and sex-specific roles of OTR and V1aR in the regulation of social behavior.
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AVP-ir fibers, and to a lesser extent OT-ir fibers and their receptors, have been observed in several forebrain constituents of the SBNN in rodents.
“AVP-ir fibers, and, to a lesser extent, OT-ir fibers and their receptors have been observed in several forebrain constituents of the “social behavior neural network” (SBNN) in rodents”
From Quantitative mapping reveals age and sex differences in vasopressin, but not oxytocin, immunoreactivity in the rat social behavior neural network (2017) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2017
The Introduction (page unavailable) says OT- and AVP-producing nuclei project fibers to many brain regions and that both receptors are widely distributed. The Discussion (page unavailable) identifies several receptor-bearing regions as nodes of the social behavior network. However, the paper does not establish that OT-immunoreactive fibers or their receptors occur there to a lesser extent than AVP-immunoreactive fibers; its measurements concern receptor binding, not that comparison of fibers. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredAdult rats expressed higher OTR binding density than juvenile rats in the pBNST, MePD, MPOA, and VMH; juveniles had higher OTR binding in the ventral LS; and males had higher OTR binding in these regions than females.
“adult rats expressed higher OTR binding density compared to juvenile rats in the pBNST, MePD, MPOA, and VMH, while juveniles had higher OTR binding in the ventral portion of the LS and males had higher levels of OTR binding in these regions compared to females (Smith et al., 2017)”
From Quantitative mapping reveals age and sex differences in vasopressin, but not oxytocin, immunoreactivity in the rat social behavior neural network (2017) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2017
The Results section on age differences reports higher OTR binding in adults in the pBNST, MePD, MPOA, and VMH, and higher binding in juveniles in the ventral lateral septum (page unavailable). The sex-differences Results report higher binding in males in the pBNST, MePD, and VMH, but do not list the MPOA or ventral lateral septum; the Discussion does describe higher binding in males in the MPOA. Thus, the claim that males had higher binding in all the named regions is not supported for the ventral lateral septum. (LLM, conf=0.84)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMale and female rats show very dense V1aR binding in the dorsal and intermediate LS, with females having even denser binding than males.
“Male and female rats show very dense V1aR binding in the dorsal and intermediate LS, with females having even denser binding than males [39,40].”
From Involvement of dopamine, but not norepinephrine, in the sex-specific regulation of juvenile socially rewarding behavior by vasopressin (2018) · cites this paper as [39]
The Results section, “Sex differences in V1aR binding density” (page unavailable), reports higher V1aR binding in females than males in the dorsal lateral septum. The paper does not establish the claim of very dense V1aR binding in both dorsal and intermediate lateral septum: its Table 1 identifies intermediate lateral septum binding as OTR, not V1aR. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe MPOA contains oxytocin receptors in both sexes and at both juvenile and adult ages.
“the MPOA contains oxytocin receptors in both sexes and at both juvenile and adult ages (Smith et al., 2017)”
From Quantitative mapping reveals age and sex differences in vasopressin, but not oxytocin, immunoreactivity in the rat social behavior neural network (2017) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2017
Robust age and sex differences were found for the oxytocin receptor (OTR) across multiple nodes of the rat SBNN.
“robust age and sex differences were found for the OTR across multiple nodes of the rat SBNN (Smith et al., 2017)”
From Quantitative mapping reveals age and sex differences in vasopressin, but not oxytocin, immunoreactivity in the rat social behavior neural network (2017) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2017
The MPOA is one of a few regions that show abundant AVP fibers but virtually no V1AR.
“the MPOA is one of a few regions that show abundant AVP fibers, but virtually no V1AR (Smith et al., 2017)”
From Quantitative mapping reveals age and sex differences in vasopressin, but not oxytocin, immunoreactivity in the rat social behavior neural network (2017) · cites this paper as Smith et al., 2017
The Methods table lists OTR binding in the MPOA, but gives no MPOA V1aR measurement. The Introduction describes AVP fiber projections broadly, not abundant fibers in the MPOA. Searches for MPOA, AVP fibers, and absent V1aR found no passage establishing the claimed combination. (LLM, conf=0.72)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the mammalian brain, OTRs and V1aRs are robustly expressed in many regions, but their distributions often differ.
“In mammalian brain OTRs and V1aRs are robustly expressed in many regions but their distributions often differ [9; 21; 22] (Figure 3).”
From Cross-talk among oxytocin and arginine-vasopressin receptors: Relevance for basic and clinical studies of the brain and periphery (2018) · cites this paper as [22]
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“…tract 2564 | The Journal of Comparative Neurology DIBENEDICTIS ET AL. contains oxytocin receptors in both sexes and at both juvenile and adult ages (Smith et al., 2017), suggesting the possibility that AVP released in the MPOA acts through oxytocin receptors rather than V1AR, which has been…”
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Smith, C. J. W., Poehlmann, M. L., Li, S., Ratnaseelan, A. M., Bredewold, R., & Veenema, A. H.
- Affiliations
- Boston College (US)
- Corresponding author
- Smith, Caroline J. W.
- Venue
- Brain Structure and Function
- Published
- 2016-07-07
- Volume
- 222
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 981-1006
- ISSN
- 1863-2653 (ISSN-L)
- 1863-2661
- PMC
- PMC5334374
- OpenAlex
- W2462807191
- Cited by
- 143
- References
- 137
- Citations by year
- 2026: 16 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 18 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 27.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Brain Structure and Function (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (2012138127, IOS1253386)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Keywords
- oxytocin receptor, vasopressin V1a receptor, receptor binding density, age differences, sex differences, social behavior, juvenile development, reward, cortical regions, rat brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Autoradiography, Brain, Decision Making, Female, Male, Neural Pathways, Sex Characteristics, Social Behavior, Rats, Wistar, Receptors, Vasopressin, Receptors, Oxytocin, Rats, Spatial Memory
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