Cited by 2,081Autophagy in Disease and TherapyMitochondrial Function and PathologyUbiquitin and proteasome pathways

Mitophagy and Quality Control Mechanisms in Mitochondrial Maintenance

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Pickles, Sarah, Vigié, Pierre, Youle, Richard J.·2018·Current Biology

Abstract

The maintenance of a healthy and functional mitochondrial network is critical during development as well as throughout life in the response to physiological adaptations and stress conditions. Owing to their role in energy production, mitochondria are exposed to high levels of reactive oxygen species, making them particularly vulnerable to mitochondrial DNA mutations and protein misfolding. Given that mitochondria are formed from proteins encoded by both nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, an additional layer of complexity is inherent in the coordination of protein synthesis and the mitochondrial import of nuclear-encoded proteins. For these reasons, mitochondria have evolved multiple systems of quality control to ensure that the requisite number of functional mitochondria are present to meet the demands of the cell. These pathways work to eliminate damaged mitochondrial proteins or parts of the mitochondrial network by mitophagy and renew components by adding protein and lipids through biogenesis, collectively resulting in mitochondrial turnover. Mitochondrial quality control mechanisms are multi-tiered, operating at the protein, organelle and cell levels. Herein, we discuss mitophagy in different physiological contexts and then relate it to other quality control pathways, including the unfolded protein response, shedding of vesicles, proteolysis, and degradation by the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Understanding how these pathways contribute to the maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis could provide insights into the development of targeted treatments when these systems fail in disease.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.cub.2018.01.004

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  • PINK1 accumulates on the OMM following MMP reduction, while it undergoes cleavage in healthy mitochondria due to proteasomal degradation.

    “PINK1, which accumulates on the OMM following MMP reduction, while it undergoes cleavage in healthy mitochondria due to proteasomal degradation5,8.”

    From Altered mitochondrial dynamics and function in APOE4-expressing astrocytes (2020) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Parkin and PINK1-dependent mitophagy section (page unavailable) says PINK1 is stabilized on the outer mitochondrial membrane when mitochondrial import is compromised, and that under basal conditions it is cleaved. It does not say proteasomal degradation causes cleavage: MPP and PARL cleave PINK1, after which the proteasome degrades the cleavage product. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Damaged mitochondria are degraded by selective autophagy, termed mitophagy, following fission.

    “Damaged mitochondria are degraded by selective autophagy, termed mitophagy, following fission5.”

    From Altered mitochondrial dynamics and function in APOE4-expressing astrocytes (2020) · cites this paper as [5]

    The Introduction (page not provided) defines mitophagy as selective autophagic elimination of mitochondria, and the Mitophagy in mammals section includes mitochondrial damage as a trigger. But the Quality control at the sub-organelle level section describes fission and autophagosome formation as coupled and says loss of Drp1 delays, but does not abolish, mitophagy. It does not support presenting fission as a step that always precedes degradation. (LLM, conf=0.85)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Mitophagy proceeds mitochondrial fission and is triggered by decreased MMP.

    “Mitophagy proceeds mitochondrial fission and is triggered by decreased MMP5.”

    From Altered mitochondrial dynamics and function in APOE4-expressing astrocytes (2020) · cites this paper as [5]

    The 'Mitophagy in Yeast' section links PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy to mitochondrial transmembrane potential, but says depolarization does not appear necessary for several other mitophagy pathways. The 'Quality control at the sub-organelle level' section describes fission and autophagosome formation as coupled, and cites a yeast-specific proposal that fission acts upstream of mitophagy. It does not support an unqualified sequence between fission and mitophagy or decreased MMP as a universal trigger. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
  • Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are tightly inter-connected and it has been suggested that they regulate each-other.

    “In addition, we listed mitochondria fission and fusion proteins, as well as specific transcription factors within the mitophagy category; in fact, mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy are tightly inter-connected and it has been suggested that they regulate each-other [6, 35].”

    From A gene toolbox for monitoring autophagy transcription (2021) · cites this paper as [6]

  • PINK1 is stabilized on the OMM leading to recruitment and activation of parkin, which ubiquitinates several mitochondrial proteins leading to mitophagy.

    “The mitochondrial kinase PINK1 is stabilized on the OMM leading to the recruitment and activation of parkin (E3 ubiquitin ligase), which ubiquitinates several mitochondrial proteins leading to mitophagy5,8.”

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Authors
Pickles, S., Vigié, P., & Youle, R. J.
Affiliations
  • National Institutes of Health (US)
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (FR)
Corresponding author
Youle, Richard J.
Venue
Current Biology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2018-02
Volume
28
Issue
4
Pages
R170-R185
ISSN
0960-9822 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2788644497
Cited by
2,081
References
171
Citations by year
2026: 279 · 2025: 268 · 2024: 290 · 2023: 284 · 2022: 277 · 2021: 262 · 2020: 225 · 2019: 126 · 2018: 66 · 2014: 1
FWCI
24.25
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Current Biology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
  • Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-10-IDEX-03-02)
  • Université de Bordeaux
  • Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Autophagy in Disease and Therapy
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ubiquitin and proteasome pathways
Keywords
mitophagy, mitochondrial quality control, mitochondrial maintenance, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial turnover, mitochondrial homeostasis, reactive oxygen species, mitochondrial DNA mutations, protein misfolding, unfolded protein response, vesicle shedding, proteolysis, ubiquitin-proteasome system, mitochondrial protein import
MeSH terms
Animals, Homeostasis, Humans, Mitochondria, Ubiquitin, Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex, Cell-Derived Microparticles, Unfolded Protein Response, Proteolysis, Mitophagy

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