The relevance of oxidative stress status in first episode and recurrent depression
Abstract
Oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) could play an important role in the pathophysiology of major depression (MDD). The aim of the present work was to evaluate the specific activity of the main peripheral antioxidant defences (superoxide dismutase--SOD and glutathione peroxidase--GPX) and the level of malondialdehyde--MDA (a lipid peroxidation maker), in depressed patients, as compared to an age-matched control group. Also, we were interested to see if there are any differences between first episode vs. recurrent depression groups, in terms of oxidative stress markers. Additionally, we want it to investigate the effects of different antidepressant medication (mirtazapine, venlafaxine, tianeptine and escitalopram) on oxidative status of depressed patients. Our results showed an increased oxidative stress status in the serum of patients with MDD, expressed by a significant decrease of both SOD and GPX specific activities and a significant increase of the lipid peroxidation marker MDA, as compared to the control group. When we analyzed the oxidative stress status in depressed patients based on chronicity we observed significant decrease of SOD and GPX specific activities in recurrent depression group, as compared to the first episode group. Moreover, a very significant increase in MDA concentration was observed in recurrent depression patients, as compared to the first episode group. Our work provides additional evidences of increased oxidative stress in MDD, expressed by altered antioxidant enzyme activity and increased levels of lipid peroxidation. Also, it seems that sub-classifying depression into different subtypes, based on chronicity, can predict differences in the levels of some various oxidative stress markers.
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Higher oxidative stress, lower antioxidants, and more oxidative stress-related DNA/RNA damage are linked to clinical markers of major depressive disorder progression such as greater chronicity, more episodes, and treatment resistance.
“greater oxidative stress, lower antioxidant, and greater oxidative stress-related DNA/RNA damage have been linked to clinical markers of MDD illness progression, including greater chronicity, more MDEs, and treatment resistance (98,108–113).”
From The Impact of Stress and Major Depressive Disorder on Hippocampal and Medial Prefrontal Cortex Morphology (2019) · cites this paper as [112]
Subclassifying depression into different stages based on chronicity can predict significant differences in levels of lipid peroxidation markers such as MDA and in specific activity of main antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPX.
“our group showed that subclassifying depression into different stages, based on chronicity (e.g., first episode versus recurrent depression), can actually predict significant differences in the levels of some lipid peroxidation markers such as MDA and also in the specific activity of the main antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and GPX [19].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [19]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Stefanescu, C., & Ciobica, A.
- Affiliations
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Ciobica, Alin
- ORCID
- Ciobica, Alin
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 143
- Issue
- 1-3
- Pages
- 34-38
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2138212768
- Cited by
- 179
- References
- 26
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 13.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- oxidative stress, major depressive disorder, first-episode depression, recurrent depression, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, malondialdehyde, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzymes, antidepressant effects, mirtazapine, venlafaxine, tianeptine, escitalopram
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Aged, Antidepressive Agents, Antioxidants, Depression, Depressive Disorder, Major, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Glutathione Peroxidase, Humans, Male, Malondialdehyde, Middle Aged, Recurrence, Superoxide Dismutase, Lipid Peroxidation, Biomarkers, Case-Control Studies, Oxidative Stress
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