Antioxidant enzyme activities and oxidative stress in affective disorders
Abstract
Recent data from several reports indicate that free radicals are involved in the biochemical mechanisms underlying neuropsychiatric disorders in human. The results of several reports suggest that lower antioxidant defences against lipid peroxidation exist in patients with depression and that there is a therapeutic benefit from antioxidant supplementation in unstable manic-depressive patients. We investigated the antioxidant enzyme status and the indices of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation end products in erythrocytes from patients with affective disorder. For this purpose, we measured superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels in patients with affective disorders (n=30) in both pre- and post-treatment periods, and in a control group (n=21). CAT activities were significantly decreased in both pre-, and post-treatment periods in patients compared to the control group. GSH-Px activity in the pre-treatment period in the patients was significantly lower than both post-treatment patient and control groups. MDA levels were increased in both pre-, and post-treatment patient groups compared to the control group. NO level was lower in the pre-treatment patient group than in the control group. There were statistically significant correlations between SOD and MDA, and SOD and NO in the pre-treatment patient and control groups. Because the overall study sample was small, and the post-treatment patient group was even smaller, it can tentatively be suggested that the antioxidant system is impaired during a mood episode in patients with affective disorders, normalizing at the end of the episode.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In major depressive disorder, most authors have generally described decreased levels of GPX and increased levels of malondialdehyde.
“in MDD, while most of the authors have generally described decreased levels of GPX and increased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), as a lipid peroxidation marker [123, 126]”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [126]
In a 3-month clinical trial, increased GPX activity can be observed after lithium treatment, as compared to before treatment determinations and control subjects.
“In addition, in a 3-month clinical trial it was showed that increased GPX activity can be observed after lithium treatment, as compared to before treatment determinations and control subjects [126].”
From Oxidative Stress Implications in the Affective Disorders: Main Biomarkers, Animal Models Relevance, Genetic Perspectives, and Antioxidant Approaches (2016) · cites this paper as [126]
Cites
The Bcl-2 Protein Family: Arbiters of Cell Survival
Adams, J. M., & Cory, S. (1998) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.281.5381.1322 · Cited by 5,303 · see citing works
A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase.
Sun, Y., Oberley, L. W., & Li, Y. (1988) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/34.3.497 · Cited by 4,537 · see citing works
Course of illness, hippocampal function, and hippocampal volume in major depression
MacQueen, G. M., Campbell, S., McEwen, B. S., Macdonald, K., Amano, S., Joffe, R. T., Nahmias, C., & Young, L. T. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0337481100 · Cited by 980 · see citing works
Determination of Inorganic Nitrate in Serum and Urine by a Kinetic Cadmium-Reduction Method
Cortas, N. K., & Wakid, N. W. (1990) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/36.8.1440 · Cited by 894 · see citing works
Nitric oxide protects against cellular damage and cytotoxicity from reactive oxygen species.
Wink, D. A., Hanbauer, I., Krishna, M. C., DeGraff, W., Gamson, J., & Mitchell, J. B. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.21.9813 · Cited by 766 · see citing works
Bilici, M., Efe, H., Köroğlu, M. A., Uydu, H. A., Bekaroğlu, M., & Değer, O. (2001) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00199-3 · Cited by 718 · see citing works
Wąsowicz, W., Neve, J. D., & Peretz, A. (1993) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/39.12.2522 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Depletion of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Levels in Red Blood Cell Membranes of Depressive Patients
Peet, M., Murphy, B., Shay, J., & Horrobin, D. F. (1998) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00206-0 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Depression in Patients With Cancer
McDaniel, J. S. (1995) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1995.03950140007002 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Manji, H. K., Quiroz, J. A., Sporn, J., Payne, J. L., Denicoff, K. D., Gray, N. A., Zarate, C. A., & Charney, D. S. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00117-3 · Cited by 499 · see citing works
Rubanyi, G. M., Ho, E. H., Cantor, E. H., Lumma, W. C., & Botelho, L. H. P. (1991) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/0006-291x(91)92093-y · Cited by 360 · see citing works
Finding the Intracellular Signaling Pathways Affected by Mood Disorder Treatments
Coyle, J. T., & Duman, R. S. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00195-8 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Lower serum vitamin E concentrations in major depression
Maes, M. H. J., Vos, N. D., Pioli, R., Demedts, P., Wauters, A., Neels, H. M., & Christophe, A. B. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(99)00121-4 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Oxygen Free Radicals and Brain Dysfunction
Jesberger, J. A., & Richardson, J. S. (1991) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.3109/00207459109150342 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Reciprocal regulation between nitric oxide and vascular endothelial growth factor in angiogenesis.
Kimura, H., & Esumi, H. (2003) · Acta Biochimica Polonica · doi:10.18388/abp.2003_3713 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
A nitric oxide donor induces neurogenesis and reduces functional deficits after stroke in rats
Zhang, R., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, Y., Lü, M., LaPointe, M. C., & Chopp, M. (2001) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.1249 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Induction of Reactive Oxygen Species in Neurons by Haloperidol
Sagara, Y. (1998) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.71031002.x · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Deciphering the pathways of life and death
Li, H., & Yuan, J. (1999) · Current Opinion in Cell Biology · doi:10.1016/s0955-0674(99)80035-0 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Abdalla, D. S. P., Monteiro, H., Oliveira, J., & Bechara, E. J. H. (1986) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/32.5.805 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Lithium decreases turnover of arachidonate in several brain phospholipids
Chang, M., Grange, E., Rabin, O., Bell, J. M., Allen, D. D., & Rapoport, S. I. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/s0304-3940(96)13264-x · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Effects of haloperidol on antioxidant defense system enzymes in schizophrenia
Yao, J. K., Reddy, R. D., McElhinny, L. G., & van Kammen, D. P. (1998) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/s0022-3956(98)00028-4 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Srivastava, N., Barthwal, M. K., Dalal, P., Agarwal, A., Nag, D., Seth, P. K., Srimal, R. C., & Dikshit, M. (2002) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(01)00421-9 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Mori, K., Togashi, H., Ueno, K., Matsumoto, M., & Yoshioka, M. (2001) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(00)00371-5 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide Reversibly Suppresses Xanthine Oxidase Activity
Fukahori, M., Ichimori, K., Ishida, H., Nakagawa, H., & Okino, H. (1994) · Free Radical Research · doi:10.3109/10715769409056572 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Song, C., Killeen, A. A., & Leonard, B. E. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119131 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Nitric Oxide and Long‐Term Habituation to Novelty in the Rata
Papa, M., Pellicano, M., & Sadile, A. G. (1994) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb21817.x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Parthasarathy, L. K., Seelan, R. S., Wilson, M. A., et al. (2003) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0278-5846(02)00315-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Tocopherols Enhance Neurogenesis in Dentate Gyrus of Adult Rats
Cuppini, R., Ciaroni, S., Cecchini, T., Ambrogini, P., Ferri, P., Cuppini, C., Ninfali, P., & Grande, P. D. (2002) · International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research · doi:10.1024/0300-9831.72.3.170 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Maes, M., Galecki, P., Chang, Y. S., & Berk, M. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.05.004 · Cited by 1,140 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in psychiatric disorders: evidence base and therapeutic implications
Ng, F., Berk, M., Dean, O., & Bush, A. I. (2008) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145707008401 · Cited by 1,069 · see citing works
Leonard, B., & Maes, M. (2012) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.005 · Cited by 805 · see citing works
Gawryluk, J. W., Wang, J.-F., Andreazza, A. C., Shao, L., & Young, L. T. (2011) · The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1017/s1461145710000805 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Berk, M., Copolov, D. L., Dean, O., Lu, K., Jeavons, S., Schapkaitz, I., Anderson-Hunt, M., & Bush, A. I. (2008) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.04.022 · Cited by 500 · see citing works
The promise of N-acetylcysteine in neuropsychiatry
Berk, M., Malhi, G. S., Gray, L. J., & Dean, O. M. (2013) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2013.01.001 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Wolkowitz, O. M., Mellon, S. H., Epel, E. S., Lin, J., Dhabhar, F. S., Su, Y., Reus, V. I., Rosser, R., Burke, H. M., Kupferman, E., et al. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0017837 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Lopresti, A. L., Maker, G. L., Hood, S. D., & Drummond, P. D. (2014) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2013.09.017 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Markers of Oxidative Stress and Neuroprogression in Depression Disorder
Vaváková, M., Ďuračková, Z., & Trebatická, J. (2015) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2015/898393 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Maes, M., Fišar, Z., Medina, M., Scapagnini, G., Nowak, G., & Berk, M. (2012) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-011-0111-7 · Cited by 325 · see citing works
Depression and Oxidative Stress: Results From a Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies
Palta, P., Samuel, L. J., Miller, E. R., & Szanton, S. L. (2014) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000009 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Evidence of Toxicity, Oxidative Stress, and Neuronal Insult in Autism
Kern, J. K., & Jones, A. M. (2006) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B · doi:10.1080/10937400600882079 · Cited by 265 · see citing works
Smaga, I., Niedzielska, E., Gawlik, M., Moniczewski, A., Krzek, J., Przegaliński, E., Pera, J., & Filip, M. (2015) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2014.12.015 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
Najjar, S., Pearlman, D. M., Devinsky, O., Najjar, A., & Zagzag, D. (2013) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-10-142 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Frey, B. N., Andreazza, A. C., Houenou, J., Jamain, S., Goldstein, B. I., Frye, M. A., Leboyer, M., Berk, M., Malhi, G. S., Lopez-Jaramillo, C., et al. (2013) · Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1177/0004867413478217 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Antioxidants as potential therapeutics for neuropsychiatric disorders
Pandya, C. D., Howell, K. R., & Pillai, A. (2013) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2012.10.017 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
Gałecki, P., Szemraj, J., Bieńkiewicz, M., Florkowski, A., & Gałecka, E. (2009) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(09)70084-2 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Antioxidative enzymes and increased oxidative stress in depressive women
Kodydková, J., Vávrová, L., Zeman, M., Jirák, R., Macášek, J., Staňková, B., Tvrzická, E., & Žák, A. (2009) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.06.006 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Zhao, Z., Wang, W., Guo, H., & Zhou, D. (2008) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2008.06.030 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
In vivo antioxidant status: A putative target of antidepressant action
Zafir, A., Ara, A., & Banu, N. (2009) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2008.11.010 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Brocardo, P. S., Boehme, F., Patten, A., Cox, A., Gil-Mohapel, J., & Christie, B. R. (2012) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2011.10.006 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
The relevance of oxidative stress status in first episode and recurrent depression
Stefanescu, C., & Ciobica, A. (2012) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.022 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Oxidative stress in early stage Bipolar Disorder and the association with response to lithium
de Sousa, R. T., Zarate, C. A., Zanetti, M. V., Costa, A. C., Talib, L. L., Gattaz, W. F., & Machado-Vieira, R. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.11.011 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Maes, M., Ruckoanich, P., Chang, Y. S., Mahanonda, N., & Berk, M. (2011) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2010.06.008 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Intrinsic Regulators of Pancreatic β-Cell Proliferation
Heit, J. J., Karnik, S. K., & Kim, S. K. (2006) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev.cellbio.22.010305.104425 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Cumurcu, B. E., Ozyurt, H., Etikan, I., Demir, S., & Karlidag, R. (2009) · Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1111/j.1440-1819.2009.02004.x · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Oxidative stress markers in affective disorders
Siwek, M., Sowa-Kućma, M., Dudek, D., Styczeń, K., Szewczyk, B., Kotarska, K., Misztak, P., Pilc, A., Wolak, M., & Nowak, G. (2013) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71517-2 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Physical Exercise for Treatment of Mood Disorders: A Critical Review
Hearing, C. M., Chang, W. C., Szuhany, K. L., Deckersbach, T., Nierenberg, A. A., & Sylvia, L. G. (2016) · Current Behavioral Neuroscience Reports · doi:10.1007/s40473-016-0089-y · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Increased oxidative stress and DNA damage in bipolar disorder: A twin-case report
Frey, B. N., Andreazza, A. C., Kunz, M., Gomes, F. A., Quevedo, J., Salvador, M., Gonçalves, C. A., & Kapczinski, F. (2007) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2006.06.011 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Sowa-Kućma, M., Styczeń, K., Siwek, M., Misztak, P., Nowak, R. J., Dudek, D., Rybakowski, J. K., Nowak, G., & Maes, M. (2018) · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.08.024 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Maes, M., Landucci Bonifacio, K., Morelli, N. R., Vargas, H. O., Barbosa, D. S., Carvalho, A. F., & Nunes, S. O. V. (2019) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-018-1051-7 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Balmus, I. M., Ciobica, A., Antioch, I., Dobrin, R., & Timofte, D. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/3975101 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“In addition, in a 3-month clinical trial it was showed that increased GPX activity can be observed after lithium treatment, as compared to before treatment determinations and control subjects [126].”
ResultAboul-Fotouh, S. (2013) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2012.12.027 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Kupper, N., Gidron, Y., Winter, J., & Denollet, J. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181bee6dc · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Abdel-Wahab, B. A., & Salama, R. H. (2011) · Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.07.015 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cerebrospinal Fluid Metabolome in Mood Disorders-Remission State has a Unique Metabolic Profile
Kaddurah-Daouk, R., Yuan, P., Boyle, S. H., Matson, W., Wang, Z., Zeng, Z. B., Zhu, H., Dougherty, G. G., Yao, J. K., Chen, G., et al. (2012) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep00667 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Cecerska-Heryć, E., Polikowska, A., Serwin, N., Roszak, M., Grygorcewicz, B., Heryć, R., Michalczyk, A., & Dołęgowska, B. (2022) · Neurochemistry International · doi:10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105269 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Lobato, K. R., Cardoso, C. C., Binfaré, R. W., Budni, J., Wagner, C. L. R., Brocardo, P. S., de Souza, L. F., Brocardo, C., Flesch, S., Freitas, A. E., et al. (2010) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.002 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Maes, M., Mihaylova, I., Kubera, M., Leunis, J.-C., Twisk, F. N. M., & Geffard, M. (2012) · Metabolic Brain Disease · doi:10.1007/s11011-012-9316-8 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Oxidative and Nitrosative stress in major depressive disorder: a case control study
Somani, A., Singh, A. K., Gupta, B., Nagarkoti, S., Dalal, P. K., & Dikshit, M. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12020144 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Akarsu, S., Bolu, A., Aydemir, E., Zincir, S. B., Kurt, Y. G., Zincir, S., Erdem, M., & Uzun, Ö. (2018) · Psychiatry Investigation · doi:10.30773/pi.2016.12.31 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Bipolar Disorder: Lessons from Brain Imaging and Molecular Markers
Minuzzi, L., Behr, G. A., Moreira, J. C. F., & Frey, B. N. (2011) · Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría · doi:10.1016/s0034-7450(14)60201-8 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
- Authors
- Erkan Ozcan, M., Gulec, M., Ozerol, E., Polat, R., & Akyol, O.
- Venue
- International Clinical Psychopharmacology
- Published
- 2004-03
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 89-95
- ISSN
- 0268-1315 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2047048235
- Cited by
- 368
- References
- 28
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 30 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 6.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- International Clinical Psychopharmacology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Treatment of Major Depression
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Biological Psychiatry › Tryptophan and brain disorders
- Keywords
- mood disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, erythrocytes, free radicals
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Affective Disorders, Psychotic, Aged, Antioxidants, Catalase, Erythrocytes, Female, Glutathione Peroxidase, Humans, Male, Malondialdehyde, Middle Aged, Nitric Oxide, Superoxide Dismutase, Lipid Peroxidation, Oxidative Stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
