Ongoing physiological processes in the cerebral cortex
Open accessAbstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has revealed that the human brain undergoes prominent, regional hemodynamic fluctuations when a subject is at rest. These ongoing fluctuations exhibit distinct patterns of spatiotemporal synchronization that have been dubbed "resting state functional connectivity", and which currently serve as a principal tool to investigate neural networks in the normal and pathological human brain. Despite the wide application of this approach in human neuroscience, the neural mechanisms that give rise to spontaneous fMRI correlations are largely unknown. Here we review results of recent electrophysiological studies in the cerebral cortex of humans and nonhuman primates that link neural activity to ongoing fMRI fluctuations. We begin by describing results obtained with simultaneous fMRI and electrophysiological measurements that allow for the identification of direct neural correlates of resting state functional connectivity. We next highlight experiments that investigate the correlational structure of spontaneous neural signals, including the spatial variation of signal coherence over the cortical surface, across cortical laminae, and between the two hemispheres. In the final section we speculate on the origins and potential consequences of ongoing signals for normal brain function, and point out inherent limitations of the fMRI correlation approach.
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Spontaneous activity drives BOLD fluctuations.
“drives BOLD fluctuations (143)”
From Electrophysiological source imaging: A noninvasive window to brain dynamics (2018) · cites this paper as [143]
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- Authors
- Leopold, D. A., & Maier, A.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Leopold, David A.
- Venue
- NeuroImage
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-10
- Volume
- 62
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 2190-2200
- ISSN
- 1053-8119 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3288739
- OpenAlex
- W2125006647
- Cited by
- 127
- References
- 86
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 14 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 17 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- NeuroImage (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Mental Health (ZICMH002899, ZIAMH002896)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- resting-state functional connectivity, spontaneous neuronal activity, cerebral cortex, hemodynamic fluctuations, signal coherence, cortical layers, interhemispheric synchronization, neural network dynamics, non-human primates
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Brain Mapping, Cerebral Cortex, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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