A Functional Topographic Map for Spinal Sensorimotor Reflexes
Open accessAbstract
Cutaneous somatosensory modalities play pivotal roles in generating a wide range of sensorimotor behaviors, including protective and corrective reflexes that dynamically adapt ongoing movement and posture. How interneurons (INs) in the dorsal horn encode these modalities and transform them into stimulus-appropriate motor behaviors is not known. Here, we use an intersectional genetic approach to functionally assess the contribution that eight classes of dorsal excitatory INs make to sensorimotor reflex responses. We demonstrate that the dorsal horn is organized into spatially restricted excitatory modules composed of molecularly heterogeneous cell types. Laminae I/II INs drive chemical itch-induced scratching, laminae II/III INs generate paw withdrawal movements, and laminae III/IV INs modulate dynamic corrective reflexes. These data reveal a key principle in spinal somatosensory processing, namely, sensorimotor reflexes are driven by the differential spatial recruitment of excitatory neurons.
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The Prkcg dorsal excitatory family comprised Excit-3 and Excit-4 and likely corresponded to neurons involved in light static touch and allodynic pain in pathological situations.
“The Prkcg dorsal, excitatory family was comprised of Excit-3 and Excit-4 and likely corresponded to neurons involved in light static touch and allodynic pain in pathological situations46,48–56.”
From A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
The Maf dorsal excitatory family comprised Excit-5, Excit-6, and Excit-7, which expressed markers of neurons involved in light touch.
“The Maf dorsal, the excitatory family was comprised of Excit-5, Excit-6, and Excit-7 which expressed markers of neurons involved in light touch46,48,50,56,57.”
From A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
The Sox5 dorsal excitatory family comprised Excit-14, Excit-15, Excit-16, Excit-17, Excit-18, and Excit-19 and expressed markers suggestive of a role in coping pain and mechanical nociception.
“The Sox5 dorsal, the excitatory family was comprised of Excit-14, Excit-15, Excit-16, Excit-17, Excit-18, and Excit-19, and expressed markers suggestive of a role in coping pain and mechanical nociception46,52,56,63–67.”
From A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
The Cpne4 dorsal excitatory family had markers of interneurons suggested to be involved in mechanical itch.
“This family had markers of interneurons suggested to be involved in mechanical itch46,47.”
From A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
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A harmonized atlas of mouse spinal cord cell types and their spatial organization
Russ, D. E., Cross, R. B. P., Li, L., Koch, S. C., Matson, K. J. E., Yadav, A., Alkaslasi, M. R., Lee, D. I., Le Pichon, C. E., Menon, V., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25125-1 · Cited by 255 · see citing works
Harmonized cross-species cell atlases of trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia
Bhuiyan, S. A., Xu, M., Yang, L., Semizoglou, E., Bhatia, P., Pantaleo, K. I., Tochitsky, I., Jain, A., Erdoğan, B., Blair, S. J., et al. (2024) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.adj9173 · Cited by 247 · see citing works
Brain circuits for pain and its treatment
Lindsay, N. M., Chen, C., Gilam, G., Mackey, S., & Scherrer, G. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7360 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
A cellular taxonomy of the adult human spinal cord
Yadav, A., Matson, K. J. E., Li, L., Hua, I., Petrescu, J., Kang, K., Alkaslasi, M. R., Lee, D. I., Hasan, S., Galuta, A., et al. (2023) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2023.01.007 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Mechanical Allodynia Circuitry in the Dorsal Horn Is Defined by the Nature of the Injury
Peirs, C., Williams, S.-P. G., Zhao, X., Arokiaraj, C. M., Ferreira, D. W., Noh, M.-C., Smith, K. M., Halder, P., Corrigan, K. A., Gedeon, J. Y., et al. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.10.027 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Self-citationA functional subdivision within the somatosensory system and its implications for pain research
Ma, Q. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2021.12.015 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Spinal Interneurons as Gatekeepers to Neuroplasticity after Injury or Disease
Zholudeva, L. V., Abraira, V. E., Satkunendrarajah, K., McDevitt, T. C., Goulding, M. D., Magnuson, D. S. K., & Lane, M. A. (2021) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1654-20.2020 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationChirila, A. M., Rankin, G., Tseng, S.-Y., Emanuel, A. J., Chavez‐Martinez, C. L., Zhang, D., Harvey, C. D., & Ginty, D. D. (2022) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2022.10.012 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
A novel spinal neuron connection for heat sensation
Wang, H., Chen, W., Dong, Z., Xing, G., Cui, W., Yao, L., Zou, W.-J., Robinson, H. L., Bian, Y., Liu, Z., et al. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.04.021 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Self-citationSpinal Inhibitory Interneurons: Gatekeepers of Sensorimotor Pathways
Stachowski, N. J., & Dougherty, K. J. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22052667 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Sullivan, S. J., & Sdrulla, A. D. (2022) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1860-21.2021 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Sensory spinal interoceptive pathways and energy balance regulation
Münzberg, H., Berthoud, H., & Neuhuber, W. (2023) · Molecular Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.molmet.2023.101817 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Spinal cords: Symphonies of interneurons across species
Wilson, A. C., & Sweeney, L. B. (2023) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2023.1146449 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Spinal V1 neurons inhibit motor targets locally and sensory targets distally
Sengupta, M., Daliparthi, V., Roussel, Y., Bui, T. V., & Bagnall, M. W. (2021) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2021.06.053 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Ganley, R. P., de Sousa, M. M., Werder, K., Öztürk, T., Mendes, R., Ranucci, M., Wildner, H., & Zeilhofer, H. U. (2023) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.78689 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Gradwell, M. A., Ozeri-Engelhard, N., Eisdorfer, J. T., Laflamme, O. D., Gonzalez, M., Upadhyay, A., Medlock, L., Shrier, T., Patel, K., Aoki, A., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.01.027 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Arokiaraj, C. M., Leone, M. J., Kleyman, M., Chamessian, A. G., Noh, M., Phan, B. N., Lopes, B. C., Corrigan, K. A., Cherupally, V. K., Yeramosu, D., et al. (2024) · Cell Reports · doi:10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114876 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, H., Liu, Y., Zhou, K., Wei, W., & Liu, Y. (2021) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2021.749465 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Gupta, R. R. D., Scheurer, L., Pelczar, P., Wildner, H., & Zeilhofer, H. U. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84667-y · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Two inhibitory neuronal classes govern acquisition and recall of spinal sensorimotor adaptation
Lavaud, S., Bichara, C., D’Andola, M., Yeh, S.-H., & Takeoka, A. (2024) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adf6801 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Neural ensembles that encode nocifensive mechanical and heat pain in mouse spinal cord
Zhang, M., Kupari, J., Su, J., Magnusson, K. A., Hu, Y., Calvo-Enrique, L., Usoskin, D., Albisetti, G. W., Ceder, M. M., Henriksson, K., et al. (2025) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/s41593-025-01921-6 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Plasticity in Cervical Motor Circuits following Spinal Cord Injury and Rehabilitation
Walker, J., & Detloff, M. R. (2021) · Biology · doi:10.3390/biology10100976 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Ontogeny of the spinal cord dorsal horn
Roome, R. B., Yadav, A., Flores, L., Puarr, A. K., Nardini, D., Richardson, A. J. W., Waclaw, R. R., Arkell, R. M., Menon, V., Johnson, J. E. B., et al. (2026) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.adx5781 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Computational Modeling of Spinal Locomotor Circuitry in the Age of Molecular Genetics
Ausborn, J., Shevtsova, N. A., & Danner, S. M. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22136835 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sensory Feedback and the Dynamic Control of Movement
Goulding, M., Bollu, T., & Büschges, A. (2025) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-112723-042229 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationHarnessing cortical plasticity via gabapentinoid administration promotes recovery after stroke
Tedeschi, A., Larson, M. J. E., Zouridakis, A., Mo, L., Bordbar, A., Myers, J. M., Qin, H. Y., Rodocker, H. I., Fan, F., Lannutti, J. J., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac103 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Qi, L., Lin, S.-H., & Ma, Q. (2022) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2022.12.003 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The structure of sensory afferent compartments in health and disease
Middleton, S. J., Pérez-Sánchez, J., & Dawes, J. M. (2021) · Journal of Anatomy · doi:10.1111/joa.13544 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Distinguishing subtypes of spinal locomotor neurons to inform circuit function and dysfunction
Dougherty, K. J. (2023) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2023.102763 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Intraspinal injection of adeno-associated viruses into the adult mouse spinal cord
Chaterji, S., Barik, A., & Sathyamurthy, A. (2021) · STAR Protocols · doi:10.1016/j.xpro.2021.100786 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Reorganization of synaptic inputs to spinal dorsal horn neurons in neuropathic pain
Terayama, R., & Uchibe, K. (2021) · International Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1080/00207454.2021.1873980 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
A brain-wide map of descending inputs onto spinal V1 interneurons
Chapman, P., Kulkarni, A. S., Trevisan, A. J., Han, K., Hinton, J. M., Deltuvaite, P., Fenno, L. E., Ramakrishnan, C., Patton, M. H., Schwarz, L. A., et al. (2024) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2024.11.019 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A dedicated skin-to-brain circuit for cool sensation in mice
Lee, H. K., Hor, C. C., Horwitz, L., Xiong, A. E., Su, X., Soden, D., Yang, S. S., Cai, W., Zhang, W., Li, C., et al. (2025) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-025-61562-y · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Proprioception revisited: where do we stand?
Shadrach, J. L., Gomez‐Frittelli, J., & Kaltschmidt, J. A. (2021) · Current Opinion in Physiology · doi:10.1016/j.cophys.2021.02.003 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Next generation behavioral sequencing for advancing pain quantification
Jhumka, A., & Abdus-Saboor, I. (2022) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2022.102598 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Intersectional genetic tools to study skilled reaching in mice
Nicola, F., Hua, I., & Levine, A. J. (2021) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113879 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Spinal Cord Circuits: Models and Reality
Windhorst, U. (2021) · Neurophysiology · doi:10.1007/s11062-022-09927-7 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Lezgiyeva, K., Liu, J., Nguyen, K., DeLisle, M. M., Ko, F. C., Fullam, S., Obeidat, A. M., Turecek, J., Alkislar, I., Lehnert, B. P., et al. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.06.014 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hosseini, M., Klein, I., Wunderle, V., Semmler, C., Kuzu, T. D., Kramer, A.-K., Tolve, M., Mardare, V., Galvao, A., Haustein, M., et al. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.14.589409 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationLee, S., & Edwards, S. (2025) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2025.114867 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Functional and anatomical analyses of active spinal circuits in a mouse model of chronic pain
Targowska‐Duda, K. M., Peters, D., Marcus, J. S., Zribi, G., Toll, L., & Ozawa, A. (2023) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003068 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Gradwell, M. A., Ozeri-Engelhard, N., Eisdorfer, J. T., Laflamme, O. D., Gonzalez, M., Upadhyay, A., Aoki, A., Shrier, T., Gandhi, M., Abbas-Zadeh, G., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.05.21.492933 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stachowski, N. J., Wheel, J. H., Singh, S., Atoche, S. J., Yao, L., Garcia-Ramirez, D. L., Giszter, S. F., & Dougherty, K. J. (2025) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2406333122 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
From nociception in aneural animals to human suffering: toward a comparative biology of pain
Walters, E. T. (2025) · Journal of Experimental Biology · doi:10.1242/jeb.251210 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Neural Regulation of Skin Immunity
Barbon, P.-V., Hoeffel, G., Fohrer, T., Jagot, F., Waly, B. E., Feuillet, V., & Ugolini, S. (2026) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-082924-065052 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lavaud, S., D’Andola, M., Bichara, C., & Takeoka, A. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.30.486422 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Ferland, S., Wang, F., Koninck, Y. D., & Ferrini, F. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003132 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Sensory Symphonies: How Excitatory Spinal Cord Modules Orchestrate Behavior
Gradwell, M. A., & Abraira, V. E. (2021) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2020.12.012 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Distribution of Calretinin-Immunopositive Neurons in the Cat Lumbar Spinal Cord
Veshchitskii, A. A., Евгеньевич, М. П., & Merkulyeva, N. S. (2021) · Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology · doi:10.1134/s0022093021040074 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Spinal Glycine Receptor Alpha 3 Cells Communicate Sensations of Chemical Itch in Hairy Skin
Weman, H. M., Ceder, M. M., Ahemaiti, A., Magnusson, K. A., Henriksson, K., Andréasson, L., & Lagerström, M. C. (2024) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1585-23.2024 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A spinal synergy of excitatory and inhibitory neurons coordinates ipsilateral body movementsPreprint
Hayashi, M., Gullo, M., Senturk, G., Costanzo, S. D., Nagasaki, S. C., Kageyama, R., Imayoshi, I., Goulding, M., Pfaff, S. L., & Gatto, G. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.03.21.533603 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Self-citationÖzyurt, M. G., Chiasson, S., Laliberté, A. M., Nascimento, F., KHAN, E. S. I., Mayer, W. P., Bhumbra, G. S., Akay, T., Bui, T. V., Beato, M., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.27.672590 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Guan, X., Zhu, Y., Zhong, J., & Hollis, E. R., II (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1264-24.2025 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A molecular and spinal circuit basis for the functional segregation of itch and pain
Noh, M., Corrigan, K. A., Williams, S.-P. G., Peirs, C., Leone, M. J., Headrick, D. J., Guvercin, M., Lee, S., Phan, B. N., Zhao, X., et al. (2026) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2026.08.029 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationV2b Neurons Act via Multiple Targets to Produce in Phase Inhibition during Locomotion
Sengupta, M., Bertram, A., Zhu, S., Goodhill, G. J., & Bagnall, M. W. (2025) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1530-24.2025 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Pimpinella, S., Sauve, I., Dietrich, S., & Zampieri, N. (2022) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Spinal VGLUT3 lineage neurons drive visceral mechanical allodynia but not visceromotor reflexesPreprint
Qi, L., Lin, S.-H., & Ma, Q. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.09.07.507044 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
A spinal synergy of excitatory and inhibitory neurons coordinates ipsilateral body movementsPreprint
Hayashi, M., Gullo, M., Senturk, G., Costanzo, S. D., Nagasaki, S. C., Kageyama, R., Imayoshi, I., Goulding, M., Pfaff, S. L., & Gatto, G. (2023) · doi:10.7554/elife.89362.1 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationInnovations in spinal cord cell type heterogeneity across vertebrate evolutionPreprint
Ignatyev, Y., Papadopoulos, S., Soretić, M., Yeung, J., Lin, T., Tanaka, E. M., Peshkin, L., Levine, A. J., Gabitto, M. I., & Sweeney, L. B. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.09.680955 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Poinsatte, K., Kenwood, M. R., Betz, D., Nawaby, A., Ajay, A. D., Xu, W., Plautz, E. J., Kong, X., Meeks, J. P., Ramirez, D. M. O., et al. (2025) · eNeuro · doi:10.1523/eneuro.0276-25.2025 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
A spinal circuit for skilled locomotion
Toscano, E., Evtushenko, N. A., Giomi, M., Santuz, A., Thieme, P., Lowenstein, E. D., Misios, A., Birchmeier, C., & Zampieri, N. (2025) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2025.09.030 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Sangster, K. T., Zhang, X., Toro, D. D., Sarantopoulos, C., Moses, A. M., Mahasenan, S., Pederick, D. T., Perreault, S., Fallet‐Bianco, C., Roome, R. B., et al. (2026) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2026.04.040 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Precision cutaneous stimulation in freely moving micePreprint
Parkes, I., Schorscher-Petcu, A., Gan, Q., & Browne, L. E. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Ivica, N., Censoni, L., Sjöbom, J., Richter, U., & Petersson, P. (2021) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00464.2021 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Franck, M. C. M., Weman, H. M., Ceder, M. M., Ahemaiti, A., Henriksson, K., Bengtsson, E., Magnusson, K. A., Koning, H. K., Öhman‐Mägi, C., & Lagerström, M. C. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003435 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inhibitory circuits control leg movements during Drosophila grooming
Syed, D. S., Ravbar, P., & Simpson, J. H. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106446.4 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Spinal Circuit That Transmits Innocuous Cool SensationsPreprint
Horwitz, L., Lee, H. K., Hor, C. C., Shen, F. Y., Cai, W., Li, C., Pai, E. L.-L., Fung, T. L. R., Rovcanin, I., Pipe, K. P., et al. (2022) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2022.03.23.485555 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A molecular basis of somatotopic map formationPreprint
Sangster, K. T., Zhang, X., del Toro, D., Sarantopoulos, C., Moses, A. M., Mahasenan, S., Pederick, D. T., Perreault, S., Fallet‐Bianco, C., Roome, R. B., et al. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.08.13.670179 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Moore, J. D., Bachmann, L. C., McElvain, L. E., Pfaff, S. L., & Dulac, C. G. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.10.18.683193 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Inhibitory circuits control leg movements during Drosophila groomingPreprint
Syed, D. S., Ravbar, P., & Simpson, J. H. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106446.3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
A Comparison of the Cellular and Molecular Atlases of the Macaque and Mouse Dorsal HornsPreprint
Arokiaraj, C. M., Kleyman, M., Chamessian, A. G., Shiers, S. I., Kang, B., Ng, M. M. K., Patterson, R., Lewis, D. A., Qadri, Y. J., Levine, A. J., et al. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3924596
Self-citationNoh, M., Lee, S., Arokiaraj, C. M., & Seal, R. P. (2022) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819260-3.00006-8
Self-citationA spinal synergy of excitatory and inhibitory neurons coordinates ipsilateral body movementsPreprint
Hayashi, M., Gullo, M., Senturk, G., Costanzo, S. D., Nagasaki, S. C., Kageyama, R., Imayoshi, I., Goulding, M., Pfaff, S. L., & Gatto, G. (2023) · doi:10.7554/elife.89362
Self-citationNeuropathic pain in a chronic CNS injury model is mediated by CST-targeted spinal interneuronsPreprint
Guan, X., Zhu, Y., Zhong, J., & Hollis, E. R., II (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.04.11.589134
Precision cutaneous stimulation in freely moving mice
Parkes, I., Schorscher-Petcu, A., Gan, Q., & Browne, L. E. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106033.3
Identification of V0g propriospinal neurons and their role in locomotor controlPreprint
Toscano, E., Giomi, M., Evtushenko, N. A., Santuz, A., Lowenstein, E. D., Birchmeier, C., & Zampieri, N. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.02.11.636221
Precision cutaneous stimulation in freely moving micePreprint
Parkes, I., Schorscher-Petcu, A., Gan, Q., & Browne, L. E. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106033.1
KHAN, E. S. I., Nasiri, S., Chiasson, S., Couvrette, L. J., Laliberté, A. M., & Bui, T. V. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.22.677841
Sensory plasticity of dorsal horn silent neurons: a critical mechanism for neuropathic painPreprint
Negm, A., Gabrielli, F., Zbili, M., Poncet‐Megemont, L., Hérault, K., Makhoul, J., Dallel, R., & Peirs, C. (2025) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2025.09.26.678726
Inhibitory circuits control leg movements during Drosophila groomingPreprint
Syed, D. S., Ravbar, P., & Simpson, J. H. (2025) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106446.2
Александровна, К. Д., Иванов, Д. О., Chemeris, A. V., Orlova, O. R., Yakovleva, P., & Акулов, М. А. (2025) · S S Korsakov Journal of Neurology and Psychiatry · doi:10.17116/jnevro2025125102127
Precision cutaneous stimulation in freely moving micePreprint
Parkes, I., Schorscher-Petcu, A., Gan, Q., & Browne, L. E. (2026) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.106033.2
Autogenic spinal excitatory circuit ensures skilled hand movements in primates
Kim, G., Tomatsu, S., Umeda, T., Takei, T., Funato, T., & Seki, K. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2525051123
Spinal pathways and projection neurons for itch
Kashem, S. W., Midavaine, É., Flores, G. O., & Basbaum, A. I. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-34172-4.00014-8
Spinal circuits encode a map of the trunk to control skin twitchesPreprint
Ronzano, R., Chan, K. Y., Papadiamandis, M., Momi, U., Özyurt, M. G., Beato, M., & Brownstone, R. M. (2026) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.64898/2026.05.10.724081
A-type potassium channels in pain signaling: Fundamental mechanisms and pathophysiological roles
Zhang, J., Wang, X., Liu, X., Zhao, J., Feng, H., Zhang, F., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, Y., & Jia, Q. (2026) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2026.109052
Rink, S., Krueger, M., Zamfirov, M., Muthuraman, M., Schaufler, D., Sarıkçıoğlu, L., Bilmen, S., Vogt, J., Endle, H., Belenska-Todorova, L. F., et al. (2026) · Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience · doi:10.1177/09226028261464314
A spinoreticular pathway mediates nocifensive responses to noxious mechanical stimuli
Liu, Y., Li, Q., Lin, J.-K., Han, Y., Yang, X., Xu, Z., Zhou, W., Sun, Y.-G., & Dou, Y. (2026) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.2604642123
McGrath, J. R., & Dougherty, K. J. (2026) · Frontiers in Neural Circuits · doi:10.3389/fncir.2026.1854977
Ancient somatosensory circuit architectures employ flexible molecular strategies
Lee, H., Frazel, P. W., Singer-Freeman, E., Cavanagh, A. E., Shin, H. D., Rice, K., Selvaraj, S., Alu, M., Kim, H., Loomis, C. A., et al. (2026) · iScience · doi:10.1016/j.isci.2026.117919
- Authors
- Gatto, G., Bourane, S., Ren, X., Di Costanzo, S., Fenton, P. K., Halder, P., Seal, R. P., & Goulding, M. D.
- Affiliations
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies (US)
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Corresponding author
- Goulding, Martyn D.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neuron
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-01
- Volume
- 109
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 91-104.e5
- ISSN
- 0896-6273 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7790959
- OpenAlex
- W3106145129
- Cited by
- 92
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 6.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Neuron (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- HAL (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
- European Molecular Biology Organization
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Ion Channels and Receptors
- Keywords
- dorsal horn, sensorimotor reflexes, excitatory interneurons, somatosensory processing, functional topography
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Male, Mice, Transgenic, Pain Measurement, Physical Stimulation, Psychomotor Performance, Reflex, Spinal Cord, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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