Cited by 246Neuroendocrine regulation and behaviorAnimal Behavior and ReproductionHuman-Animal Interaction Studies

The impact of early life family structure on adult social attachment, alloparental behavior, and the neuropeptide systems regulating affiliative behaviors in the monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster)

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Ahern, Todd H·2009·Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience

Abstract

Early social attachments lie at the heart of emotional and social development in many mammals, including humans. In nature, monogamous prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) experience considerable natural variation in early social attachment opportunities due to differences in family structure [e.g., single-mothers (SM), solitary breeding pairs, and communal groups]. We exploited some of this natural variation in family structure to examine the influence of early social environment on the development of adult social behavior. First, we characterized the parental care received by pups reared biparentally (BP) or by SM in the laboratory. Second, we examined whether BP- and SM-reared offspring differed in adult nurturing, bonding, and emotional behaviors. Finally, we investigated the effects of rearing condition on neuropeptide systems that regulate adult social behavior [oxytocin (OT), vasopressin, and corticotropin-releasing factor, (CRF)]. Observations revealed that SM-reared pups were exposed more frequently (P < 0.01), licked and groomed less (P < 0.01), and matured more slowly (P < 0.01) than BP-reared pups. In adulthood, there were striking socio-behavioral differences: SM-reared females showed low spontaneous, pup-directed alloparental behavior (P < 0.01) and both males and females from the SM-reared condition showed delayed partner preference formation. While rearing did not impact neuropeptide receptor densities in the ventral forebrain as we predicted, SM-reared animals, particularly females, had increased OT content (P < 0.01) and greater dorsal raphe CRF2 densities (P < 0.05) and both measures correlated with licking and grooming experienced during the first 10 days of life. These results suggest that naturalistic variation in social rearing conditions can introduce diversity into adult nurturing and attachment behaviors.

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Crossref · 10.3389/neuro.08.017.2009

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  • Prairie voles raised with biparental care form more pronounced pair bonds in adulthood than those raised by a mother alone.

    “As mentioned previously, prairie voles raised with biparental care, compared to those raised by a mother alone, form more pronounced pair bonds in adulthood.”

    From The Neurobiology of Love and Pair Bonding from Human and Animal Perspectives (2023) · cites this paper as [64]

    The Results (Adult partner preference formation; page unavailable) show that biparentally reared voles of both sexes developed a partner preference after 24 hours, while mother-only-reared voles did not show one until one week. The Discussion describes this as a delayed onset in the mother-only group, not evidence that their eventual pair bonds were less pronounced. (LLM, conf=0.86)

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  • Manipulation of OT/AVP levels via direct exposures to exogenous hormones, agonists, or alteration of the social environment can significantly modify the number of OT, AVP, and TH neurons in the PVN, resulting in anxiety-like behavior and alterations of prototypical male and female sociosexual behavior.

    “Manipulation of OT/AVP levels via direct exposures to exogenous hormones, agonists, or alteration of the social environment can significantly modify the number of OT, AVP, and TH neurons in the PVN, thereby resulting in anxiety-like behavior and alterations of prototypical male and female sociosexual behavior (123–127).”

    From Endocrine Disruption of Vasopressin Systems and Related Behaviors (2017) · cites this paper as [125]

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  • In adulthood, voles raised by a single mother are slower to form a preference for their partner despite normal mating behavior.

    “In adulthood, these same animals are slower to form a preference for their partner, despite normal mating behavior.”
  • Voles raised by their mother alone receive less parental nurturing in the form of licking/grooming early in development than those raised under biparental care.

    “Voles raised by their mother alone, compared to those raised under biparental care, receive less parental nurturing in the form of licking/grooming early in development [64].”
  • The quality of early life nurturing received can have life-long consequences on adult social behavioral tendencies.

    “There is now growing evidence that the quality of early life nurturing received can have life-long consequences on adult social behavioral tendencies.”

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Authors
Ahern, T. H.
Affiliations
Emory University (US)
Corresponding author
Ahern, Todd H
Venue
Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience
Published
2009
Volume
3
Pages
17-17
ISSN
1662-5153 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1991733912
Cited by
239
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
FWCI
15.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
cc-by
Locations
  • Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
Funders
  • National Science Foundation (9876754)
  • National Institutes of Health (IBN-9876754, RR‐00165)
  • National Institute of Mental Health (K02MH064692, MH064692, MH77776, MH0732505, R01MH077776)
  • National Center for Research Resources (P51RR000165)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics › Animal Behavior and Reproduction
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
Keywords
Microtus ochrogaster, family structure, social attachment, parental care, oxytocin, vasopressin, corticotropin-releasing factor, mate preferences, social bonding, licking and grooming, neuropeptide receptors, dorsal raphe nucleus, monogamy, early life experience, social development (developmental psychology)

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