Multi-endpoint toxicological assessment of polystyrene nano- and microparticles in different biological models in vitro
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Nanoplastics (NP) and microplastics (MP) accumulate in our environment as a consequence of the massive consumption of plastics. Huge knowledge-gaps exist regarding uptake and fate of plastic particles in micro- and nano-dimensions in humans as well as on their impact on human health. This study investigated the transport and effects of 50 nm and 0.5 μm COOH-modified polystyrene (PS) particles, as representatives for NP and MP, in different biological models in vitro. Acute toxicity and potential translocation of the particles were studied at the human intestinal and placental barrier using advanced in vitro co-culture models. Furthermore, embryotoxicity and genotoxicity were investigated as highly sensitive endpoints. Polystyrene was not acutely toxic in both sizes (nano- and microparticles). No transport across the intestinal and placental barrier but a cellular uptake and intracellular accumulation of PS nano- and microparticles were determined. The particles were identified as weak embryotoxic and non-genotoxic. In contrast to single-organ studies, this multi-endpoint study is providing a data-set with the exact same type of particles to compare organ-specific outcomes. Our study clearly shows the need to investigate other types of plastics as well as towards long-term or chronic effects of plastic particles in different biological models in vitro.
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There are conflicting reports of no acute toxicity from microplastics.
“there are also conflicting reports of no acute toxicity from microplastics.69,70”
From Microplastics and Anthropogenic Particles in Recreationally Caught Freshwater Fish from an Urbanized Region of the North American Great Lakes (2024) · cites this paper as [70]
The discussion (page unavailable) reports no major impact on viability in the intestinal and placental models, supporting a report of no acute toxicity in those settings. But it also reports that polystyrene microparticles were toxic to NIH/3T3 and mouse embryonic stem cells at 25–100 µg/mL, so the unqualified claim of no acute toxicity from microplastics overstates this source. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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“69,70 Discrepancies are likely due to exposure experiments using di ff erent concentrations, but also these variations in results could be relevant to the polymer type, morphology, or size used in the study.”
- Authors
- Hesler, M., Aengenheister, L., Ellinger, B., Drexel, R., Straskraba, S., Jost, C., Wagner, S., Meier, F., von Briesen, H., Büchel, C., Wick, P., Buerki-Thurnherr, T., & Kohl, Y.
- Affiliations
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering (DE)
- Empa (CH)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (DE)
- Postnova Analytics (Germany) (DE)
- Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
- PlasmaChem (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Kohl, Yvonne
- ORCID
- Venue
- Toxicology in Vitro
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-12
- Volume
- 61
- Pages
- 104610
- ISSN
- 0887-2333 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2965247882
- Cited by
- 291
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 28 · 2025: 40 · 2024: 43 · 2023: 54 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 45 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 9.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Toxicology in Vitro (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa)) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Publikationsdatenbank der Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Publication Server of Goethe University Frankfurt am Main (Goethe University Frankfurt) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- Funders
- German Federal Ministry for Education and Research (03X0150)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Microplastics and Plastic Pollution
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Nanoparticles: synthesis and applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cancer Research › Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment
- Keywords
- polystyrene nanoparticles, polystyrene microparticles, nanoplastics, microplastics, acute toxicity, intestinal barrier, placental barrier, translocation, cellular uptake, intracellular accumulation, embryotoxicity, genotoxicity, multi-organ toxicity, in vitro co-culture model
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Biological Transport, Cell Differentiation, Cell Line, Cell Survival, Female, Humans, Intestinal Mucosa, Models, Biological, Particle Size, Placenta, Polystyrenes, Pregnancy, Micronucleus Tests, Mice, Nanoparticles
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