Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 317,331

The DOI matches its Crossref record.

PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT

Open access
Lowry, OliverH., Rosebrough, NiraJ., Farr, A. Lewis, Randall, RoseJ.·1951·Journal of Biological Chemistry
DOI 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Since 1922 when Wu proposed the use of the Folin phenol reagent for the measurement of proteins (l), a number of modified analytical procedures ut.ilizing this reagent have been reported for the determination of proteins in serum (2-G), in antigen-antibody precipitates (7-9), and in insulin (10).Although the reagent would seem to be recommended by its great sensitivity and the simplicity of procedure possible with its use, it has not found great favor for general biochemical purposes.In the belief that this reagent, nevertheless, has considerable merit for certain application, but that its peculiarities and limitations need to be understood for its fullest exploitation, it has been studied with regard t.o effects of variations in pH, time of reaction, and concentration of reactants, permissible levels of reagents commonly used in handling proteins, and interfering subst.ances.Procedures are described for measuring protein in solution or after precipitation wit,h acids or other agents, and for the determination of as little as 0.2 y of protein. MethodReagents-Reagent A, 2 per cent N&OX in 0.10 N NaOH.Reagent B, 0.5 per cent CuS04.5Hz0 in 1 per cent sodium or potassium tartrabe.Reagent C, alkaline copper solution.Mix 50 ml. of Reagent A with 1 ml. of Reagent B. Discard after 1 day.Reagent D, carbonate-copper solution, is the same as Reagent C except for omission of NaOH.Reagent E, diluted Folin reagent.Titrate Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent ((II), Eimer and Amend, Fisher Scientific Company, New York) with NaOH t.o a phenolphthalein end-point.On the basis of this titration dilute the Folin reagent (about 2-fold) to make it 1 N in acid.Working standards may be prepared from human serum diluted IOO-to lOOO-fold (approximately 700 to 70 y per ml.).These in turn may be checked against a standard solution of crystalline bovine albumin (Armour and * Supported in part by a grant from the American Cancer Society on the recommendation of the Committee on Growth of the National Research Council.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6

Cites

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

No references could be resolved yet.

Research works printed but not linked: 24

  1. Wu, 1922, J. Biol. Chem, 51, 33, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)85898-7 · DOI
  2. Wu, 1927, Chinese J. Physiol, 1, 161
  3. Greenberg, 1929, J. Biol. Chem, 82, 545, 10.1016/S0021-9258(20)78300-6 · DOI
  4. Andersch, 1933, J. Lab. and Clin. Med, 18, 816
  5. Greenberg, 1936, J. Lab. and Clin. Med, 21, 431
  6. Minot, 1936, J. Lab. and Clin. Med, 21, 743
  7. Pressman, 1943, Ind. and Eng. Chem., Anal. Ed, 15, 357, 10.1021/i560117a023 · DOI
  8. Heidelberger, 1943, Science, 97, 405, 10.1126/science.97.2522.405 · DOI
  9. Sutherland, 1949, J. Biol. Chem, 180, 825, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56702-8 · DOI
  10. Folin, 1927, J. Biol. Chem, 73, 627, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)84277-6 · DOI
  11. Lowry, 1946, J. Biol. Chem, 163, 633, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)41291-9 · DOI
  12. Levy, 1945, Compt.-rend. trav. Lab. Carlsberg, Série chim, 21, 101
  13. Bessey, 1946, J. Biol. Chem, 164, 321, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)43072-4 · DOI
  14. Bessey, 1946, J. Biol. Chem, 166, 177, 10.1016/S0021-9258(17)34996-7 · DOI
  15. Folin, 1912, J. Biol. Chem, 12, 239, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)88697-5 · DOI
  16. Herriott, 1935, J. Gen. Physiol, 19, 283, 10.1085/jgp.19.2.283 · DOI
  17. Herriott, 1941, Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. and Med, 46, 642, 10.3181/00379727-46-12091 · DOI
  18. Mehl, 1949, J. Biol. Chem, 177, 13, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)57051-4 · DOI
  19. Rising, 1932, J. Biol. Chem, 99, 755, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)76024-9 · DOI
  20. Hitchings, 1941, J. Biol. Chem, 139, 843, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)72955-4 · DOI
  21. Funk, 1913, Biochem. J, 7, 356, 10.1042/bj0070356 · DOI
  22. Kunkel, 1950, J. Biol. Chem, 182, 597, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)56494-2 · DOI
  23. Miller, 1945, J. Biol. Chem, 159, 373, 10.1016/S0021-9258(19)52798-3 · DOI
  24. Weichselbaum, T. E., Am. J. Clin. Path., 16, Tech. Sect., 10, 40 (1946)

Cited by

Items 101–200 of 1,446

Metadata

Authors
Lowry, O., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R.
Venue
Journal of Biological Chemistry
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1951-11
Volume
193
Issue
1
Pages
265-275
ISSN
0021-9258 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6
OpenAlex
W1775749144
Cited by
317,331
References
0
FWCI
30.86
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.