At a Loss From Words: Verbal Overshadowing of Perceptual Memories

Schooler, Jonathan W.; Fiore, Stephen M.; Brandimonte, Maria A.

doi:10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60505-8

Cited by 157Memory Processes and InfluencesConsumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and IdentificationMarketing and Advertising Strategies

At a Loss From Words: Verbal Overshadowing of Perceptual Memories

Schooler, Jonathan W., Fiore, Stephen M., Brandimonte, Maria A.·1997·Psychology of Learning and Motivation

DOI 10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60505-8

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Although verbalization during mainly perceptual tasks can sometimes interfere with learning, verbalization in such tasks can also be supportive.
“Although verbalization during mainly perceptual tasks can sometimes interfere with learning (Schooler et al., 1997), verbalization in such tasks can also be supportive (Fox & Charness, 2009).”
From The Knowledge‐Learning‐Instruction Framework: Bridging the Science‐Practice Chasm to Enhance Robust Student Learning (2012) · cites this paper as Schooler et al., 1997
For KCs grounded in perceptual learning, learner verbalization can serve as an inhibitor.
“One such KC type is grounded in perceptual learning, for which learner verbalization can serve as an inhibitor (Schooler et al., 1997).”
From The Knowledge‐Learning‐Instruction Framework: Bridging the Science‐Practice Chasm to Enhance Robust Student Learning (2012) · cites this paper as Schooler et al., 1997
Self-explanation might function within a similar space, supportive of learning in general but sometimes interfering with learning processes that are essentially nonverbal.
“Self-explanation also might function within a similar space, supportive of learning in general but sometimes interfering with learning processes that are essentially nonverbal (e.g., Schooler et al., 1997).”
From The Knowledge‐Learning‐Instruction Framework: Bridging the Science‐Practice Chasm to Enhance Robust Student Learning (2012) · cites this paper as Schooler et al., 1997

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The emotional dog and its rational tail: A social intuitionist approach to moral judgment.
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The influence of retrieval processes in verbal overshadowing
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Novelty Categorization Theory
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The impact of pictures on narrative- and list-based impression formation: A process interference model
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Creative Cognitive Process of Art Making: A Field Study of a Traditional Chinese Ink Painter
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Verbal overshadowing in a multiple face presentation paradigm: effects of description instruction
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Introspecting in the spirit of William James: Comment on Fox, Ericsson, and Best (2011).
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Hauswald, A., & Kissler, J. M. (2008) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210802169087 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
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Adaptation of Sources of Inspiration in Knitwear Design
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How did you get here from there? Verbal overshadowing of spatial mental models
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Verbal facilitation of face recognition
Brown, C., & Lloyd‐Jones, T. J. (2005) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193377 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Improving Your Creative Potential without Awareness: Overinclusive Thinking Training
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Short Article: Passive perceptual learning in relation to wine: Short-term recognition and verbal description
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When Remembering Causes Forgetting: Retrieval-Induced Forgetting as Recovery Failure.
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Applied aspects of the instructional bias effect in verbal overshadowing
Meissner, C. A. (2002) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.918 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Increasing Innovation: A Trilogy of Experiments Towards a Design-by-Analogy Method
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The Influence of Language on Perception: Listening to Sentences about Faces Affects the Perception of Faces
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Why Metacognition Is Not Always Helpful
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Power increases situated creativity
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Producing Gestures Facilitates Route Learning
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The Emotional Dog and Its Rational Tail: A Social Intuitionist Approach to Moral Judgment
Haidt, J. (2008) · Reasoning · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511814273.055 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
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Turning the Lens of Science on Itself
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Supporting students in making sense of connections and in becoming perceptually fluent in making connections among multiple graphical representations.
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A theoretical and meta-analytic review of the relationship between verbal descriptions and identification accuracy in memory for faces
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Investigating Retrieval-Induced Forgetting During Information Requirements Determination
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The effect of verbal description and processing type on face identification
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The role of verbal processing at different stages of recognition memory for faces
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The facilitating effect of verbalization on the recognition memory of incidentally learned faces
Itoh, Y. (2005) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.1069 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Establishing a legitimate relationship with introspection
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Imagery and Recognition: Dissociable Measures of Memory?
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Verbal overshadowing: A special issue exploring theoretical and applied issues
Meissner, C. A., & Memon, A. (2002) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.928 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The effects of exemplar and prototype descriptors on verbal overshadowing
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Verbal overshadowing in visual imagery is due to recoding interference
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ROC Analysis of the Verbal Overshadowing Effect: Testing the Effect of Verbalisation on Memory Sensitivity
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When do words hurt? A multiprocess view of the effects of verbalization on visual memory.
Brown, C., Brandimonte, M. A., Wickham, L. H. V., Bosco, A., & Schooler, J. W. (2014) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/a0037222 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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Rethinking Think-Alouds: The Often-Problematic Collection of Response Process Data
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Verbalization effects in facial composite production
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Local Navon letter processing affects skilled behavior: A golf-putting experiment
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Verbalization and musical memory in string players
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Suppression of novel stimuli: Changes in accessibility of suppressed nonverbalizable shapes
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The role of conscious processing of movements during balance by young and older adults
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Effects of verbalization on lineup face recognition in an interpolated inspection paradigm
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Verbal overshadowing of multiple face recognition: Effects on remembering and knowing over time
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Shaping extendibility: The influence of circular versus angular shapes on consumer brand extension evaluation
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Does shape in backgrounds matter? Effects of Shape–Taste congruence on product evaluations
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Effects of Temporal Distance on Brand Extension Evaluation : Applying the Construal-Level Perspective to Brand Extensions
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Authors: Schooler, J. W., Fiore, S. M., & Brandimonte, M. A.
Affiliations: University of Pittsburgh (US)
ORCID: Schooler, Jonathan W.
Fiore, Stephen M.
Brandimonte, Maria A.
Venue: Psychology of Learning and Motivation
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 1997
Pages: 291-340
ISSN: 0079-7421 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0079-7421(08)60505-8
OpenAlex: W49541035
Cited by: 157
References: 124
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 3.43
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Psychology of learning and motivation/The psychology of learning and motivation (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Consumer Behavior in Brand Consumption and Identification
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
Keywords: brand extension, shape cues, sensory marketing, cognitive flexibility, sub-branding, consumer evaluation, cross-cultural replication

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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At a Loss From Words: Verbal Overshadowing of Perceptual Memories

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About these checks