Reactive astrocytes: cellular and molecular cues to biological function

Mice lacking glial fibrillary acidic protein display astrocytes devoid of intermediate filaments but develop and reproduce normally.

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Mice devoid of the glial fibrillary acidic protein develop normally and are susceptible to scrapie prions

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Biology of Oligodendrocyte and Myelin in the Mammalian Central Nervous System

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The induction of pain: an integrative review

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Astroglia induce neurogenesis from adult neural stem cells

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Leukocyte Infiltration, Neuronal Degeneration, and Neurite Outgrowth after Ablation of Scar-Forming, Reactive Astrocytes in Adult Transgenic Mice

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Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeneration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease

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Gabapentin Receptor α2δ-1 Is a Neuronal Thrombospondin Receptor Responsible for Excitatory CNS Synaptogenesis

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Regulation of learning and memory by meningeal immunity: a key role for IL-4

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Role of Inflammation in Diabetic Retinopathy

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Integrated Brain Circuits: Astrocytic Networks Modulate Neuronal Activity and Behavior

Halassa, M. M., & Haydon, P. G. (2010) · Annual Review of Physiology · doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021909-135843 · Cited by 763

Redefining the concept of reactive astrocytes as cells that remain within their unique domains upon reaction to injury

Wilhelmsson, U., Bushong, E. A., Price, D. L., Smarr, B. L., Phung, V., Terada, M., Ellisman, M. H., & Pekny, M. (2006) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0602841103 · Cited by 643

Activity-dependent structural and functional plasticity of astrocyte-neuron interactions

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Protective Role of Reactive Astrocytes in Brain Ischemia

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Pro‐regenerative properties of cytokine‐activated astrocytes

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Sirt1 contributes critically to the redox-dependent fate of neural progenitors

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Absence of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Vimentin Prevents Hypertrophy of Astrocytic Processes and Improves Post-Traumatic Regeneration

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Abnormal Reaction to Central Nervous System Injury in Mice Lacking Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Vimentin

Pekny, M., Johansson, C. B., Eliasson, C., Stakeberg, J., Wallén, Å., Perlmann, T., Lendahl, U., Betsholtz, C., Berthold, C.-H., & Frisén, J. (1999) · The Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.145.3.503 · Cited by 405

The role of astroglia in neuroprotection

Bélanger, M., & Magistretti, P. J. (2009) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2009.11.3/mbelanger · Cited by 396

Immune and neuroendocrine mechanisms of stress vulnerability and resilience

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The blood-brain barrier: structure, function and therapeutic approaches to cross it.

Tajes, M., Ramos-Fernández, E., Weng-Jiang, X., Bosch-Morató, M., Guivernau, B., Eraso-Pichot, A., Salvador, B., Fernàndez-Busquets, X., Roquer, J., & Muñoz, F. J. (2014) · Molecular Membrane Biology · doi:10.3109/09687688.2014.937468 · Cited by 380

Neuroimmune activation and neuroinflammation in chronic pain and opioid tolerance/hyperalgesia

Deleo, J. A., Tanga, F. Y., & Tawfik, V. L. (2004) · The Neuroscientist · doi:10.1177/1073858403259950 · Cited by 371

Reactive Astrogliosis after Spinal Cord Injury—Beneficial and Detrimental Effects

Karimi-Abdolrezaee, S., & Billakanti, R. (2012) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-012-8287-4 · Cited by 331

Evidence for activation of microglia in patients with psychiatric illnesses

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Molecular consequences of activated microglia in the brain: overactivation induces apoptosis

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Glutamate Transporters and the Excitotoxic Path to Motor Neuron Degeneration in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Foran, E., & Trotti, D. (2009) · Antioxidants & Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2009.2444 · Cited by 268

Glial expression of estrogen and androgen receptors after rat brain injury

García‐Ovejero, D., Veiga, S., García‐Segura, L. M., & Doncarlos, L. L. (2002) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10325 · Cited by 261

The lipopolysaccharide Parkinson’s disease animal model: mechanistic studies and drug discovery

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Calcineurin Triggers Reactive/Inflammatory Processes in Astrocytes and Is Upregulated in Aging and Alzheimer's Models

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A crucial role for Olig2 in white matter astrocyte development

Cai, J., Chen, Y., Cai, W.-H., Hurlock, E. C., Wu, H., Kernie, S. G., Parada, L. F., & Lu, Q. R. (2007) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.02847 · Cited by 203

Modulation of interleukin-1β mediated inflammatory response in human astrocytes by flavonoids: Implications in neuroprotection

Sharma, V., Mishra, M., Ghosh, S., Tewari, R., Basu, A., Seth, P., & Sen, E. (2007) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2007.01.016 · Cited by 202

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1: the TIMPed balance of matrix metalloproteinases in the central nervous system

Gardner, J., & Ghorpade, A. (2003) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.10835 · Cited by 199

Central Proinflammatory Cytokines and Pain Enhancement

Wieseler-Frank, J., Maier, S. F., & Watkins, L. R. (2005) · Neurosignals · doi:10.1159/000087655 · Cited by 198

Attenuated Glial Reactions and Photoreceptor Degeneration after Retinal Detachment in Mice Deficient in Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Vimentin

Nakazawa, T., Takeda, M., Lewis, G. P., Cho, K.-S., Jiao, J., Wilhelmsson, U., Fisher, S. K., Pekny, M., Chen, D. F., & Miller, J. W. (2007) · Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.06-1398 · Cited by 168

Ballistic labeling and dynamic imaging of astrocytes in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures.

Benediktsson, A. M., Schachtele, S. J., Green, S. H., & Dailey, M. E. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2004.05.013 · Cited by 166

Effect of quinolinic acid on human astrocytes morphology and functions: implications in Alzheimer's disease

Ting, K. K., Brew, B. J., & Guillemin, G. J. (2009) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-6-36 · Cited by 166

Immune-to-brain communication dynamically modulates pain: physiological and pathological consequences

Wieseler-Frank, J., Maier, S. F., & Watkins, L. R. (2005) · Brain, Behavior, and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2004.08.004 · Cited by 151

Benchmarking in vitro tissue-engineered blood–brain barrier models

DeStefano, J. G., Jamieson, J. J., Linville, R. M., & Searson, P. C. (2018) · Fluids and Barriers of the CNS · doi:10.1186/s12987-018-0117-2 · Cited by 142

Signaling Pathways in Reactive Astrocytes, a Genetic Perspective

Kang, W., & Hébert, J. M. (2011) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-011-8163-7 · Cited by 148

Remyelinating strategies for the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Stangel, M., & Hartung, H.-P. (2002) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00105-3 · Cited by 126

Calcineurin in Reactive Astrocytes Plays a Key Role in the Interplay between Proinflammatory and Anti-Inflammatory Signals

Fernandez, A. M., Fernandez, S., Carrero, P., Garcia-Garcia, M., & Torres-Aleman, I. (2007) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.1002-07.2007 · Cited by 124

Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor 3 and RhoA signaling mediate inflammatory gene expression in astrocytes

Dusaban, S. S., Chun, J., Rosen, H., Purcell, N. H., & Brown, J. H. (2017) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-017-0882-x · Cited by 106

ABCA1 influences neuroinflammation and neuronal death

Karasinska, J. M., de Haan, W., Franciosi, S., Ruddle, P., Fan, J., Kruit, J. K., Stukas, S., Lütjohann, D., Gutmann, D. H., Wellington, C. L., et al. (2013) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.nbd.2013.01.018 · Cited by 104

Ro5-4864, a peripheral benzodiazepine receptor ligand, reduces reactive gliosis and protects hippocampal hilar neurons from kainic acid excitotoxicity

Veiga, S., Azcoitia, I., & Garcia-Segura, L. M. (2005) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.20430 · Cited by 101

Increased Neurogenesis and Astrogenesis from Neural Progenitor Cells Grafted in the Hippocampus of GFAP−/−Vim−/− Mice

Widestrand, Å., Faijerson, J., Wilhelmsson, U., Smith, P. L. P., Li, L., Sihlbom, C., Eriksson, P. S., & Pekny, M. (2007) · Stem Cells · doi:10.1634/stemcells.2007-0122 · Cited by 100

An Update of Palmitoylethanolamide and Luteolin Effects in Preclinical and Clinical Studies of Neuroinflammatory Events

Cordaro, M., Cuzzocrea, S., & Crupi, R. (2020) · Antioxidants · doi:10.3390/antiox9030216 · Cited by 98

Role of Rho GTPase in astrocyte morphology and migratory response during in vitro wound healing

Höltje, M., Hoffmann, A., Hofmann, F., Mucke, C., Große, G., Van Rooijen, N., Kettenmann, H., Just, I., & Ahnert‐Hilger, G. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03443.x · Cited by 94

Adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporters mediate chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 secretion from reactive astrocytes: relevance to multiple sclerosis pathogenesis

Kooij, G., Mizee, M. R., van Horssen, J., Reijerkerk, A., Witte, M. E., Drexhage, J. A. R., van der Pol, S. M. A., van het Hof, B., Scheffer, G., Scheper, R., et al. (2011) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq330 · Cited by 90

Neurotractin/kilon promotes neurite outgrowth and is expressed on reactive astrocytes after entorhinal cortex lesion

Schäfer, M., Bräuer, A. U., Savaskan, N. E., Rathjen, F. G., & Brümmendorf, T. (2005) · Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.mcn.2005.04.010 · Cited by 86

Effects of age on the glial cells in the rhesus monkey optic nerve

Sandell, J. H., & Peters, A. (2002) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.10162 · Cited by 84

Smad3 null mice display more rapid wound closure and reduced scar formation after a stab wound to the cerebral cortex.

Wang, Y., Moges, H., Bharucha, Y., & Symes, A. (2007) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1016/j.expneurol.2006.08.006 · Cited by 84

Roles of astrocytes and microglia in seizure-induced aberrant neurogenesis in the hippocampus of adult rats

Yang, F., Liu, Z., Chen, J., Zhang, S., Quan, Q., Huang, Y., & Jiang, W. (2010) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.22224 · Cited by 80

Mesenchymal stem cells stabilize the blood–brain barrier through regulation of astrocytes

Park, H. J., Shin, J. Y., Kim, H. N., Oh, S. H., Song, S. K., & Lee, P. H. (2015) · Stem Cell Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0180-4 · Cited by 79

Increased syndecan expression by pleiotrophin and FGF receptor‐expressing astrocytes in injured brain tissue

Iseki, K., Hagino, S., Mori, T., Zhang, Y., Yokoya, S., Takaki, H., Tase, C., Murakawa, M., & Wanaka, A. (2002) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.10078 · Cited by 78

L‐type voltage‐operated calcium channels contribute to astrocyte activation In vitro

Cheli, V. T., Santiago González, D. A., Smith, J., Spreuer, V., Murphy, G. G., & Paez, P. M. (2016) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.23013 · Cited by 71

Translocator protein (18 kDa) is involved in the regulation of reactive gliosis

Veiga, S., Carrero, P., Pernia, O., Azcoitia, I., & Garcia‐Segura, L. M. (2007) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.20558 · Cited by 62

Increased apoptosis and reduced neuronal and glial densities in the hippocampus due to nicotine and ethanol exposure in adolescent mice

Oliveira‐da‐Silva, A., Vieira, F. B., Cristina‐Rodrigues, F., Filgueiras, C. C., Manhães, A. C., & Abreu‐Villaça, Y. (2009) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2009.06.009 · Cited by 60

Apolipoprotein J (clusterin) activates rodent microglia in vivo and in vitro

Xie, Z., Harris‐White, M. E., Wals, P. A., Frautschy, S. A., Finch, C. E., & Morgan, T. E. (2005) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03065.x · Cited by 53

Tissue Microenvironments within Functional Cortical Subdivisions Adjacent to Focal Stroke

Katsman, D., Zheng, J., Spinelli, K., & Carmichael, S. T. (2003) · Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism · doi:10.1097/01.wcb.0000084252.20114.be · Cited by 52

Transcriptomic profiling of astrocytes treated with the Rho kinase inhibitor fasudil reveals cytoskeletal and pro-survival responses

Lau, C. L., Perreau, V. M., Chen, M. J., Cate, H. S., Merlo, D., Cheung, N. S., O'Shea, R. D., & Beart, P. M. (2012) · Journal of Cellular Physiology · doi:10.1002/jcp.22838 · Cited by 49

Susceptibility of juvenile and adult blood–brain barrier to endothelin-1: regulation of P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein expression and transport activity

Harati, R., Villégier, A.-S., Banks, W. A., & Mabondzo, A. (2012) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-9-273 · Cited by 45

A transgenic mouse model for inducible and reversible dysmyelination

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Neuronal Damage Using Fluoro-Jade B Histofluorescence and Gliosis in the Striatum After Various Durations of Transient Cerebral Ischemia in Gerbils

Ohk, T. G., Yoo, K.-Y., Park, S. M., Shin, B. N., Kim, I. H., Park, J. H., Ahn, H. C., Lee, Y. J., Kim, M. J., Kim, T. Y., et al. (2012) · Neurochemical Research · doi:10.1007/s11064-011-0678-9 · Cited by 29

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) IN C57Bl/6 mice is not associated with astrogliosis

Pham, H., Doerrbecker, J., Ramp, A. A., D'Souza, C. S., Gorasia, D. G., Purcell, A. W., Ayers, M. M., & Orian, J. M. (2011) · Journal of Neuroimmunology · doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2010.10.006 · Cited by 27

Increased expression of connective tissue growth factor in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis human spinal cord

Spliet, W. G. M., Aronica, E., Ramkema, M., Aten, J., & Troost, D. (2003) · Acta Neuropathologica · doi:10.1007/s00401-003-0741-y · Cited by 26

Protein kinase B (AKT) upregulation and Thy-1-αvβ3 integrin-induced phosphorylation of Connexin43 by activated AKT in astrogliosis

Pérez-Núñez, R., Chamorro, A., González, M. F., Contreras, P., Artigas, R., Corvalán, A. H., van Zundert, B., Reyes, C., Moya, P. R., Avalos, A. M., et al. (2023) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-022-02677-7 · Cited by 24

Smad3‐dependent signaling underlies the TGF‐β1‐mediated enhancement in astrocytic iNOS expression

Hamby, M. E., Hewett, J. A., & Hewett, S. J. (2010) · Glia · doi:10.1002/glia.21005 · Cited by 23

Remyelinating and neuroprotective treatments in multiple sclerosis

Stangel, M. (2004) · Expert Opinion on Investigational Drugs · doi:10.1517/13543784.13.4.331 · Cited by 22

Single-cell resolution analysis of the crosstalk between chemogenically activated astrocytes and microglia

Philtjens, S., Turnbull, M. T., Thedy, B. P., Moon, Y., & Kim, J. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.27.064881 · Cited by 7