Photoprotective potential of lycopene, β-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C and carnosic acid in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts
Abstract
The photoprotective potential of the dietary antioxidants vitamin C, vitamin E, lycopene, beta-carotene, and the rosemary polyphenol, carnosic acid, was tested in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to ultraviolet-A (UVA) light. The carotenoids were prepared in special nanoparticle formulations together with vitamin C and/or vitamin E. Nanoparticle formulations, in contrast to dimethylsulphoxide, stablized lycopene in the cell culture medium and allowed efficient cellular uptake. The presence of vitamin E in the formulation further increased the stability and cellular uptake of lycopene. UVA irradiation of the human skin fibroblasts led to a 10-15-fold rise in metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1) mRNA. This rise was suppressed in the presence of low microM concentrations of vitamin E, vitamin C, or carnosic acid but not with beta-carotene or lycopene. Indeed, in the presence of 0.5-1.0 microM beta-carotene or lycopene, the UVA-induced MMP-1 mRNA was further increased by 1.5-2-fold. This increase was totally suppressed when vitamin E was included in the nanoparticle formulation. Heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA expression was strongly induced by UVA irradiation but none of the antioxidants inhibited this effect at the concentrations used in this study. Indeed, beta-carotene or lycopene (0.5-1.0 microM) led to a further 1.5-fold rise in the UVA-induced HO-1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, vitamin C, vitamin E, and carnosic acid showed photoprotective potential. Lycopene and beta-carotene did not protect on their own but in the presence of vitamin E, their stability in culture was improved and the rise in MMP-1 mRNA expression was suppressed, suggesting a requirement for antioxidant protection of the carotenoids against formation of oxidative derivatives that can influence the cellular and molecular responses.
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UV irradiation causes skin damage including immune suppression, cancer, tanning, sunburn, and photoaging (connective tissue degradation).
“Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation causes several areas of damage to the skin.Together with immune suppression, cancer, tanning, and sunburn, it provokes injuries called photoaging, consisting of connective tissue degradation [62] (Figure 4).”
From Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. uralensis, and G. inflata) and Their Constituents as Active Cosmeceutical Ingredients (2022) · cites this paper as [62]
Vitamin C plays a significant role in protecting the skin against UVA radiation.
“Offord et al. assessed the photoprotective potential of vitamin C and other antioxidants, confirming that vitamin C plays a significant role in protecting the skin against UVA radiation [62].”
From Bioactive Compounds for Skin Health: A Review (2021) · cites this paper as [62]
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- Authors
- Offord, E. A., Gautier, J.-C., Avanti, O., Scaletta, C., Runge, F., Krämer, K., & Applegate, L. A.
- Affiliations
- Nestlé (Switzerland) (CH)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- BASF (Germany) (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Offord, Elizabeth A.
- Venue
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1293-1303
- ISSN
- 0891-5849 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2052373472
- Cited by
- 254
- References
- 63
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 17 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 12
- FWCI
- 10.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Free Radical Biology and Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Dermatology › Skin Protection and Aging
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Cell Biology › melanin and skin pigmentation
- Keywords
- photoprotection, lycopene, beta-carotene, vitamin E, vitamin C, carnosic acid, UVA irradiation, human dermal fibroblasts, MMP-1, heme oxygenase-1, carotenoid stability, nanoparticle formulation, dietary antioxidants, oxidative stress
- MeSH terms
- Lycopene, Adult, Antioxidants, Ascorbic Acid, Carotenoids, Cells, Cultured, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Diterpenes, DNA Damage, Fibroblasts, Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing), Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Plant Extracts, Radiation-Protective Agents, Skin, Ultraviolet Rays, Vitamin E, Blotting, Northern, Biomarkers, beta Carotene, Cytoprotection, Matrix Metalloproteinase 1, Abietanes, Heme Oxygenase-1
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