Cited by 594Attention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

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An integrative theory of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences

NIGG, JOEL T., CASEY, B. J.·2005·Development and Psychopathology

DOI 10.1017/s0954579405050376

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Abstract

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a behavioral syndrome that arises in early childhood, often co-occurs with conduct disorder and leads, developmentally, to antisocial behavior and substance abuse. Models from cognitive and affective neuroscience have been invoked in an effort to understand the development of ADHD, leading to a broad array of interrelated theories and hypothesized mechanisms. In this paper, we highlight core mechanisms that may cut across several theories and constructs, and thus provide some leverage for further study and conceptualization from a neuroscience perspective. We emphasize the joint operations of frontostriatal and frontocerebellar neural loops in detecting and predicting what and when important events in the environment will occur and their interaction with frontoamygdala loops in assigning emotional significance to these events. We note that weaknesses in the development of these basic operations could lead to decrement in the development of cognitive and affective control and other mental operations mediated by prefrontal cortex during development. In turn, such decrement could lead to many of the phenotypic cognitive and neuropsychological features seen in children with ADHD. This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health Grants R01-MH59105 and R01-MH63146 to J.T.N. and NIMH R01 MH63255 and NIDA R21 DA15882 to B.J.C.

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Authors: NIGG, J. T., & CASEY, B. J.
Affiliations: Michigan State University (US)
Cornell University (US)
ORCID: NIGG, JOEL T.
CASEY, B. J.
Venue: Development and Psychopathology
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2005-09
Volume: 17
Issue: 3
Pages: 785-806
ISSN: 0954-5794 (ISSN-L)
1469-2198
DOI: 10.1017/s0954579405050376
OpenAlex: W2133071740
Semantic Scholar: db5357ccb3aa14505ed4437ae9473313adc26425
Cited by: 593
References: 120
Citations by year: 2026: 20 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 21 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 27 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 31 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 41 · 2013: 45 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 2.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified, 61 d)
Locations: Development and Psychopathology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R10 MH63255, R01MH063146, R01MH059105)
National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA015882)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, prefrontal cortex development, cognitive control, affective control, emotional meaning, event prediction, conduct disorder, antisocial behavior, substance abuse, neuropsychological characteristics
MeSH terms: Affect, Amygdala, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Brain, Cognition Disorders, Frontal Lobe, Humans, Nerve Net, Neurosciences, Phenotype, Psychological Theory

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An integrative theory of attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder based on the cognitive and affective neurosciences

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