Improved Fluorescence and Brightness of Near-Infrared and Shortwave Infrared Emitting Polymer Dots for Bioimaging Applications
Abstract
Development of near-infrared (NIR) and shortwave infrared (SWIR) emitting fluorophores is central to the fluorescence-based bioimaging. While conjugated polymer nanoparticles (polymer dots) are one of the promising fluorophores for this application, obtaining polymer dots that show bright fluorescence, especially in the SWIR wavelength region, has been challenging. Here, we report a generalized approach to obtain bright polymer dots through a systematic characterization of photophysical properties of NIR and SWIR emitting polymer dots. Detailed photophysical characterization of a series of polymer dots fabricated using polycarbazole- (PCz-) based conjugated polymers that adopt bent and twisted conformation reveals that the fluorescence brightness of the PCz-based polymer dots is determined by subtle balance between fluorescence quenching due to polymer chain interaction inside the particles and the twisting between the donor and acceptor moieties of the conjugated polymers inside the particles. Our results provide important insight into the rational design of highly fluorescing SWIR-emitting polymer dots.
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Most Cz-based polymer dots (BT, BT2, DTBT, DTBT2, and BBT) showed a relatively small reduction in Φfl (up to 6 times reduction) upon particle formation compared to polyfluorene-based CPs that adopt a linear and planar shape (PSN and PSeN, 25-87-fold reduction).
“Importantly, most Cz-based polymer dots (BT, BT2, DTBT, DTBT2, and BBT) showed a relatively small reduction in Φfl (up to 6 times reduction) upon particle formation compared to polyfluorene-based CPs that adopt a linear and planar shape (poly(dithiazolfluorene-alt-thiadiazolobenzotriazole) (PSN) and poly(dithiazolfluorene-alt-selenadiazolobenzotriazole) (PSeN), 25–87-fold reduction) (Figure 10d,e)”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [182]
Fluorescence quenching can partly be suppressed by fabricating Pdots using conjugated polymers that have a bent and twisted conformation.
“These results provide strong evidence that fluorescence quenching can partly be suppressed by the fabrication of Pdots using CPs that have a bent and twisted conformation.”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [182]
The fluorescence brightness of resulting Pdots is determined by a subtle balance between fluorescence quenching caused by polymer chain interaction inside the particles and twisting between donor and acceptor moieties of the conjugated polymers inside the particles.
“The study revealed that the fluorescence brightness of the resulting Pdots is determined by a subtle balance between the fluorescence quenching caused by the polymer chain interaction inside the particles and the twisting between the donor and acceptor moieties of the conjugated polymers inside the particles.182”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [182]
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Das, N. K., Piwoński, H., Nozue, S., Joshi, M., Terayama, K., Michinobu, T., & Habuchi, S. (2025) · ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces · doi:10.1021/acsami.5c17687
Self-citation
- Authors
- Piwoński, H., Li, W., Wang, Y., Michinobu, T., & Habuchi, S.
- Affiliations
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (SA)
- Tokyo Institute of Technology (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Habuchi, Satoshi
- Venue
- ACS Applied Polymer Materials
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2019-12-18
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 569-577
- ISSN
- 2637-6105 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2995121285
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6
- FWCI
- 1.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- ACS Applied Polymer Materials (publishedVersion)
- Institutional Repositories DataBase (IRDB) (submittedVersion)
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Tokyo Tech Research Repository (Tokyo Institute of Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology
- KAUST Office of Sponsored Research (OSR-2016-2967-CRG5)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
- Keywords
- polymer dots, near-infrared fluorescence, polycarbazole, conjugated polymer nanoparticles, fluorescence intensity, fluorescence quenching, twisted conformation, donor-acceptor polymers, photophysical properties
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