Planar and Twisted Molecular Structure Leads to the High Brightness of Semiconducting Polymer Nanoparticles for NIR-IIa Fluorescence Imaging
Abstract
Semiconducting polymer nanoparticles (SPNs) emitting in the second near-infrared window (NIR-II, 1000–1700 nm) are promising materials for deep-tissue optical imaging in mammals, but the brightness is far from satisfactory. Herein, we developed a molecular design strategy to boost the brightness of NIR-II SPNs: structure planarization and twisting. By integration of the strong absorption coefficient inherited from planar π-conjugated units and high solid-state quantum yield (Φ PL ) from twisted motifs into one polymer, a rise in brightness was obtained. The resulting pNIR-4 with both twisted and planar structure displayed improved Φ PL and absorption when compared to the planar polymer pNIR-1 and the twisted polymer pNIR-2. Given the emission tail extending into the NIR-IIa region (1300–1400 nm) of the pNIR-4 nanoparticles, NIR-IIa fluorescence imaging of blood vessels with enhanced clarity was observed. Moreover, a pH-responsive poly(β-amino ester) made pNIR-4 specifically accumulate at tumor sites, allowing NIR-IIa fluorescence image-guided cancer precision resection. This study provides a molecular design strategy for developing highly bright fluorophores.
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The Φfl values of Pdots composed of twisted pNIR-2 (Φfl = 3.2%, 0.32% after correction) were 1.45 times higher than in Pdots composed of partially planarized pNIR-4 (Φfl = 2.2%, 0.22% after correction).
“The Φfl values of Pdots composed of twisted pNIR-2 (Φfl = 3.2%, 0.32% after correction, Φfl of IR26 = 0.05%) was 1.45 times higher than in Pdots composed of partially planarized pNIR-4 (Φfl = 2.2%, 0.22% after correction, Φfl of IR26 = 0.05%).”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [183]
The effect of twisted conjugated polymer chains on improving fluorescence brightness of Pdots has been confirmed by synthesizing a series of D-A-type CPs with triphenylamine or tetraphenylethylene donors connected through an alkylthiophene linker to a BBTD acceptor.
“The effect of the twisted CP chains on the improvement of fluorescence brightness of Pdots has also been confirmed by synthesizing a series of D–A-type CPs with either triphenylamine (TPA) or tetraphenylenthylene (TPE)-based D units connected through an alkylthiophene linker (T) to the benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c′]bis([1,2,5]thiadiazole) (BBTD) acceptor (Figure 11).183”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [183]
The coplanar pNIR-1 displayed no fluorescence (Φfl = 0) because of fluorescence quenching induced by interchain interactions.
“The coplanar pNIR-1 displayed no fluorescence (Φfl = 0) because of the fluorescence quenching induced by interchain interactions.”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [183]
The overall fluorescence brightness of pNIR-4 was 20% larger than that of pNIR-2 because of the extended π-conjugation in pNIR-4, which led to a larger ε value.
“It was found that the overall fluorescence brightness of pNIR-4 was 20% larger than that of pNIR-2 because of the extended π-conjugation in pNIR-4, which led to larger ε value.”
From The Pursuit of Shortwave Infrared-Emitting Nanoparticles with Bright Fluorescence through Molecular Design and Excited-State Engineering of Molecular Aggregates (2022) · cites this paper as [183]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Liu, S., Ou, H., Li, Y., Zhang, H., Liu, J., Lu, X., Kwok, R. T. K., Lam, J. W. Y., Ding, D., & Tang, B. Z.
- Affiliations
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HK)
- Nankai University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Ding, Dan
- Tang, Ben Zhong
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of the American Chemical Society
- Publisher
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Published
- 2020-08-05
- Volume
- 142
- Issue
- 35
- Pages
- 15146-15156
- ISSN
- 0002-7863 (ISSN-L)
- 1520-5126
- OpenAlex
- W3047609777
- Cited by
- 277
- References
- 68
- Citations by year
- 2026: 26 · 2025: 39 · 2024: 51 · 2023: 55 · 2022: 56 · 2021: 42 · 2020: 8
- FWCI
- 15.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Chemical Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Research Grants Council, University Grants Committee (AHKUST605/16, C6009-17G)
- Nankai University
- Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China (2017YFE0132200)
- Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (JCYJ20180507183832744)
- Innovation and Technology Commission (ITCCNERC14SC01, ITCPD/17-9)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (21788102, 21805002, 51873092, 51961160730)
- Ming Wai Lau Centre for Reparative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence and Fluorescent Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Quantum Dots Synthesis And Properties
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Materials Chemistry › Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials
- Keywords
- semiconducting polymer nanoparticles, second near-infrared window, fluorescence intensity, molecular design, twisted molecular structure, poly(β-amino ester), pH-responsive nanoparticles, tumor targeting, vascular imaging
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