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Cited by 2,072Sport Psychology and PerformanceCognitive Abilities and TestingNeuroscience and Music Perception

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 94 of the 94 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Expert performance: Its structure and acquisition.

Ericsson, K. Anders, Charness, Neil·1994·American Psychologist
DOI 10.1037/0003-066x.49.8.725
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Abstract

Counter to the common belief that expert performance reflects innate abilities and capacities, recent research in different domains of expertise has shown that expert performance is predominantly mediated by acquired complex skills and physiological adaptations. For elite performers, supervised practice starts at very young ages and is maintained at high daily levels for more than a decade. The effects of extended deliberate practice are more far-reaching than is commonly believed. Performers can acquire skills that circumvent basic limits on working memory capacity and sequential processing. Deliberate practice can also lead to anatomical changes resulting from adaptations to intense physical activity. The study of expert performance has important implications for our understanding of the structure and limits of human adaptation and optimal learning.

Overview

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Crossref · 10.1037/0003-066x.49.8.725

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94 of 94 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Metadata

Authors
Ericsson, K. A., & Charness, N.
Affiliations
Florida State University (US)
ORCID
Venue
American Psychologist
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1994-08
Volume
49
Issue
8
Pages
725-747
ISSN
  • 0003-066X (ISSN-L)
  • 1935-990X
DOI
10.1037/0003-066x.49.8.725
OpenAlex
W2063026846
Cited by
2,072
References
94
Citations by year
2026: 30 · 2025: 36 · 2024: 45 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 60 · 2020: 90 · 2019: 65 · 2018: 79 · 2017: 77 · 2016: 83 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 119 · 2012: 94
FWCI
41.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
American Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Sport Psychology and Performance
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Music Perception
Keywords
expert performance, deliberate practice, skill acquisition, physiological adaptation, working memory capacity, serial processing, elite performers, early training, optimal learning

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