Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 1,671

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 14 of the 14 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Employee Commitment and Motivation: A Conceptual Analysis and Integrative Model.

Meyer, John P., Becker, Thomas E., Vandenberghe, Christian·2004·Journal of Applied Psychology

Abstract

Theorists and researchers interested in employee commitment and motivation have not made optimal use of each other's work. Commitment researchers seldom address the motivational processes through which commitment affects behavior, and motivation researchers have not recognized important distinctions in the forms, foci, and bases of commitment. To encourage greater cross-fertilization, the authors present an integrative framework in which commitment is presented as one of several energizing forces for motivated behavior. E. A. Locke's (1997) model of the work motivation process and J. P. Meyer and L. Herscovitch's (2001) model of workplace commitments serve as the foundation for the development of this new framework. To facilitate the merger, a new concept, goal regulation, is derived from self-determination theory (E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan, 1985) and regulatory focus theory (E. I. Higgins, 1997). By including goal regulation, it is acknowledged that motivated behavior can be accompanied by different mindsets that have particularly important implications for the explanation and prediction of discretionary work behavior.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1037/0021-9010.89.6.991

Cites

14 of 14 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 92

  1. Allen. The measurement and antecedents of affective, continuance and normative commitment to the organization. 63 1 1990 · DOI · Paper page
  2. 10.2307/258189 · doi:10.2307/258189 · Paper page
  3. Bass, 1985, Leadership and performance beyond expectations.
  4. 10.1037/0003-066X.52.2.130 · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.52.2.130 · Paper page
  5. 10.1086/222820 · DOI · Paper page
  6. 10.2307/256481 · DOI · Paper page
  7. Becker, 1993, Profiles of commitment: An empirical test., Journal of Organizational Behavior, 14, 177, 10.1002/job.4030140207 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1207/S15327043HUP1604_1 · DOI
  9. 10.2307/256788 · DOI · Paper page
  10. 10.1177/014920639502100402 · doi:10.1177/014920639502100402 · Paper page
  11. 10.1080/13594320244000201 · DOI
  12. Berg, 2001, Perceiving value in obligations and goals: Wanting to do what should be done., Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27, 982, 10.1177/0146167201278006 · DOI
  13. 10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.439 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.439 · Paper page
  14. Borman, 1997, Organizational citizenship behavior and contextual performance., Human Performance, 10, 67
  15. 10.2307/258862 · DOI · Paper page
  16. Brickman, 1987, Commitment., 1
  17. Bridges, 1994, Jobshift: How to prosper in a workplace without jobs.
  18. 10.1037/0022-3514.36.11.1311 · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.36.11.1311 · Paper page
  19. 10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00063-5 · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1016/S0149-2063(99)00034-3 · doi:10.1016/s0149-2063(99)00034-3 · Paper page
  21. Cohen, 2003, Multiple commitments at work: An integrative approach., 10.4324/9781410607423 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.2307/258093 · DOI · Paper page
  23. de Charms, 1968, Personal causation: The internal affective determinants of behavior.
  24. Deci, 1985, Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior., 10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 · DOI · Paper page
  25. Dewsbury, 1978, Comparative animal behavior., 10.1037/10909-000 · doi:10.1037/10909-000
  26. 10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.308 · DOI
  27. Dweck, 1983, Achievement motivation., 643
  28. 10.1348/096317900166958 · DOI · Paper page
  29. 10.1006/jvbe.1998.1657 · DOI
  30. 10.1037/0022-3514.85.3.541 · DOI · Paper page
  31. 10.1037/0022-3514.52.5.890 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Guttman, 1954, A new approach to factor analysis: The radex., 258
  33. 10.1111/1468-5884.00043 · DOI · Paper page
  34. Heider, 1958, The psychology of interpersonal relations., 10.1037/10628-000 · DOI · Paper page
  35. 10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.474 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.87.3.474 · Paper page
  36. Higgins, 1998, Promotion and prevention: Regulatory focus as a motivational principle., Vol. 30, 1
  37. 10.1037/0021-9010.82.3.444 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.82.3.444 · Paper page
  38. 10.2307/256642 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Kanfer, 1990, Motivation theory and organizational psychology., Vol. 1, 75
  40. 10.2307/2092438 · DOI · Paper page
  41. Katz, 1964, The motivational basis of organizational behavior., Behavioral Science, 9, 131, 10.1002/bs.3830090206 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Kiesler, 1971, The psychology of commitment: Experiments linking behavior to belief.
  43. 10.1006/obhd.2000.2931 · DOI · Paper page
  44. 10.1007/BF00993889 · DOI · Paper page
  45. Lam, 2002, The motivational function of regulatory focus in creativity., The Journal of Creative Behavior, 36, 138, 10.1002/j.2162-6057.2002.tb01061.x · DOI
  46. 10.1037/0021-9010.73.4.753 · DOI · Paper page
  47. 10.1016/0749-5978(91)90023-M · DOI · Paper page
  48. Locke, 1997, The motivation to work: What we know., Vol. 10, 375
  49. Locke, 1990, A theory of goal setting and task performance.
  50. Meyer, 1997, Commitment in the workplace: Theory, research, and application., 10.4135/9781452231556 · DOI · Paper page
  51. 10.1016/S1053-4822(00)00053-X · DOI · Paper page
  52. 10.1037/0021-9010.78.4.538 · DOI · Paper page
  53. 10.1177/014920639101700406 · DOI · Paper page
  54. 10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.152 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.74.1.152 · Paper page
  55. 10.1006/jvbe.2001.1842 · DOI · Paper page
  56. Miner. Organizational behavior theories: A quantitative review. 2 250 2003 · DOI · Paper page
  57. 10.1037/0022-0663.88.2.203 · DOI · Paper page
  58. Morrow, 1993, The theory and measurement of work commitment.
  59. Mowday, 1982, Organizational linkages: The psychology of commitment, absenteeism, and turnover.
  60. Neubert, 2001, Program commitment: A multi-study longitudinal field investigation of its impact and antecedents., Personnel Psychology, 54, 421, 10.1111/j.1744-6570.2001.tb00098.x · DOI
  61. 10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.492 · Paper page
  62. Organ, 1988, Organizational citizenship behavior: The good oldier syndrome.
  63. Organ, 1995, A meta-analytic review of attitudinal and dispositional predictors of organizational citizenship behavior., Personnel Psychology, 48, 775, 10.1111/j.1744-6570.1995.tb01781.x · DOI · Paper page
  64. Pinder, 1998, Motivation in work organizations.
  65. 10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00050-2 · DOI · Paper page
  66. 10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.221 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.72.2.221 · Paper page
  67. Randall, 1990, The consequences of organizational commitment: Methodological investigation., Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 361, 10.1002/job.4030110504 · DOI · Paper page
  68. 10.2307/258128 · DOI · Paper page
  69. 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02065.x · DOI · Paper page
  70. 10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68 · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.55.1.68 · Paper page
  71. Sagie, 2000, Participation and empowerment in organizations: Modeling, effectiveness, and applications., 10.4135/9781452231341 · DOI
  72. Salancik, 1977, Commitment and the control of organizational behavior and belief., 1
  73. 10.2307/257637 · DOI · Paper page
  74. Shamir, 1991, Meaning, self and motivation in organizations., Organization Studies, 12, 405, 10.1177/017084069101200304 · DOI · Paper page
  75. Sheldon, 1998, Not all personal goals are personal: Comparing autonomous and controlled reasons for goals as predictors of effort and attainment., Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 24, 546, 10.1177/0146167298245010 · DOI · Paper page
  76. 10.1037/0021-9010.78.5.774 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.78.5.774 · Paper page
  77. Siders, 2001, The relationship of internal and external commitment foci to objective job performance measures., Academy of Management Journal, 44, 580, 10.2307/3069371 · DOI · Paper page
  78. 10.1037/0021-9010.62.1.16 · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.62.1.16
  79. 10.1037/0021-9010.88.1.152 · DOI
  80. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1379(1998110)19:6<621::AID-JOB853>3.0.CO;2-B · DOI · Paper page
  81. 10.2307/256865 · DOI · Paper page
  82. 10.2307/256789 · DOI · Paper page
  83. Staw, 1987, Behavior in escalation situations: Antecedents, prototypes, and solutions., Vol. 9, 39
  84. Steers, 1996, Motivation and leadership at work
  85. 10.1027//1015-5759.18.2.123 · DOI
  86. Tajfel, 1981, Human groups and social categories: Studies in social psychology.
  87. 10.2307/258687 · DOI · Paper page
  88. 10.1111/j.1467-6494.1992.tb00922.x · DOI · Paper page
  89. 10.1080/135943299398177 · DOI
  90. Vandenberghe, 2001, An examination of the cross-cultural validity of a multidimensional model of commitment in Europe., Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 32, 322, 10.1177/0022022101032003005 · DOI
  91. 10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00163.x · DOI · Paper page
  92. 10.2307/257334 · DOI · Paper page

Cited by

See all 1,671

Metadata

Authors
Meyer, J. P., Becker, T. E., & Vandenberghe, C.
Venue
Journal of Applied Psychology
Published
2004
Volume
89
Issue
6
Pages
991-1007
ISSN
  • 0021-9010 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-1854
OpenAlex
W2028709320
Cited by
1,671
References
14
FWCI
65.28
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.