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LC3, a mammalian homologue of yeast Apg8p, is localized in autophagosome membranes after processing.

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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (3rd edition).

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The Role of Atg Proteins in Autophagosome Formation

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Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition) 1

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The role of autophagy during the early neonatal starvation period

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Autophagy promotes ferroptosis by degradation of ferritin

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Impairment of starvation-induced and constitutive autophagy in Atg7 -deficient mice

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Self-consumption: the interplay of autophagy and apoptosis

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In Vivo Analysis of Autophagy in Response to Nutrient Starvation Using Transgenic Mice Expressing a Fluorescent Autophagosome Marker

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The machinery of macroautophagy

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Molecular definitions of autophagy and related processes

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LC3, GABARAP and GATE16 localize to autophagosomal membrane depending on form-II formation

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Dissection of Autophagosome Formation Using Apg5-Deficient Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells

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Molecular dissection of autophagy: two ubiquitin-like systems

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Tor-Mediated Induction of Autophagy via an Apg1 Protein Kinase Complex

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Proteolysis: from the lysosome to ubiquitin and the proteasome

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The Atg12-Atg5 Conjugate Has a Novel E3-like Activity for Protein Lipidation in Autophagy

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Molecular Interplay between Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), Amyloid-β, and Tau

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Formation Process of Autophagosome Is Traced with Apg8/Aut7p in Yeast

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Autophagy during viral infection — a double-edged sword

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Structural Basis for Sorting Mechanism of p62 in Selective Autophagy

Ichimura, Y., Kumanomidou, T., Sou, Y.-S., Mizushima, T., Ezaki, J., Ueno, T., Kominami, E., Yamane, T., Tanaka, K., & Komatsu, M. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m802182200 · Cited by 803

Mouse Apg16L, a novel WD-repeat protein, targets to the autophagic isolation membrane with the Apg12-Apg5 conjugate

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Autophagy in the Cellular Energetic Balance

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Autophagy-dependent cell death

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Atg8 Controls Phagophore Expansion during Autophagosome Formation

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A brief history of autophagy from cell biology to physiology and disease

Mizushima, N. (2018) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-018-0092-5 · Cited by 696

Atg8 family LC3/GABARAP proteins are crucial for autophagosome–lysosome fusion but not autophagosome formation during PINK1/Parkin mitophagy and starvation

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Methods for Monitoring Autophagy from Yeast to Human

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Cleaning house: selective autophagy of organelles

Anding, A. L., & Baehrecke, E. H. (2017) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2017.02.016 · Cited by 576

Autophagy Protects against Sindbis Virus Infection of the Central Nervous System

Orvedahl, A., MacPherson, S., Sumpter, R., Tallóczy, Z., Zou, Z., & Levine, B. (2010) · Cell Host & Microbe · doi:10.1016/j.chom.2010.01.007 · Cited by 558

LC3, an Autophagosome Marker, Can be Incorporated into Protein Aggregates Independent of Autophagy: Caution in the Interpretation of LC3 Localization

Kuma, A., Matsui, M., & Mizushima, N. (2007) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.4012 · Cited by 555

Enhancing Macroautophagy Protects against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Cardiac Myocytes

Hamacher-Brady, A., Brady, N. R., & Gottlieb, R. A. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m603783200 · Cited by 555

Huntingtin Expression Stimulates Endosomal–Lysosomal Activity, Endosome Tubulation, and Autophagy

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A novel assay to study autophagy: regulation of autophagosome vacuole size by amino acid deprivation

Munafó, D. B., & Colombo, M. I. (2001) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.114.20.3619 · Cited by 516

The ATG conjugation systems are important for degradation of the inner autophagosomal membrane

Tsuboyama, K., Koyama-Honda, I., Sakamaki, Y., Koike, M., Morishita, H., & Mizushima, N. (2016) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.aaf6136 · Cited by 485

Autophagy machinery mediates macroendocytic processing and entotic cell death by targeting single membranes

Florey, O., Kim, S. E., Sandoval, C. P., Haynes, C. M., & Overholtzer, M. (2011) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/ncb2363 · Cited by 459

Autophagy and cellular immune responses

Ma, Y., Galluzzi, L., Zitvogel, L., & Kroemer, G. (2013) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2013.07.017 · Cited by 447

Galectin-3 Coordinates a Cellular System for Lysosomal Repair and Removal

Jia, J., Claude-Taupin, A., Gu, Y., Choi, S. W., Peters, R., Bissa, B., Mudd, M. H., Allers, L., Pallikkuth, S., Lidke, K. A., et al. (2020) · Developmental Cell · doi:10.1016/j.devcel.2019.10.025 · Cited by 434

MAPK/JNK signalling: a potential autophagy regulation pathway

Zhou, Y.-Y., Li, Y., Jiang, W.-Q., & Zhou, L.-F. (2015) · Bioscience Reports · doi:10.1042/bsr20140141 · Cited by 444

Unconventional secretion of Acb1 is mediated by autophagosomes

Duran, J. M., Anjard, C., Stefan, C., Loomis, W. F., & Malhotra, V. (2010) · Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1083/jcb.200911154 · Cited by 433

Autophagy: A Key Regulator of Homeostasis and Disease: An Overview of Molecular Mechanisms and Modulators

Gómez-Virgilio, L., Silva-Lucero, M.-D.-C., Flores-Morelos, D.-S., Gallardo-Nieto, J., Lopez-Toledo, G., Abarca-Fernandez, A.-M., Zacapala-Gómez, A.-E., Luna-Muñoz, J., Montiel-Sosa, F., Soto-Rojas, L. O., et al. (2022) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells11152262 · Cited by 431

Piecemeal Microautophagy of Nucleus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Roberts, P., Moshitch-Moshkovitz, S., Kvam, E., O'Toole, E., Winey, M., & Goldfarb, D. S. (2003) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e02-08-0483 · Cited by 409

Skeletal muscle autophagy and apoptosis during aging: Effects of calorie restriction and life-long exercise

Wohlgemuth, S. E., Seo, A. Y., Marzetti, E., Lees, H. A., & Leeuwenburgh, C. (2010) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2009.11.002 · Cited by 397

Inducing Autophagy by Rapamycin Before, but Not After, the Formation of Plaques and Tangles Ameliorates Cognitive Deficits

Majumder, S., Richardson, A., Strong, R., & Oddo, S. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0025416 · Cited by 365

mTOR regulates tau phosphorylation and degradation: implications for Alzheimer's disease and other tauopathies

Caccamo, A., Magrì, A., Medina, D. X., Wisely, E. V., López‐Aranda, M. F., Silva, A. J., & Oddo, S. (2013) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.12057 · Cited by 362

Autophagy in the renewal, differentiation and homeostasis of immune cells

Clarke, A. J., & Simon, A. K. (2019) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-018-0095-2 · Cited by 361

Rapamycin reverses cellular phenotypes and enhances mutant protein clearance in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome cells

Cao, K., Graziotto, J. J., Blair, C. D., Mazzulli, J. R., Erdos, M. R., Krainc, D., & Collins, F. S. (2011) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3002346 · Cited by 350

TBK1: a new player in ALS linking autophagy and neuroinflammation

Oakes, J. A., Davies, M. C., & Collins, M. O. (2017) · Molecular Brain · doi:10.1186/s13041-017-0287-x · Cited by 319

Hypoxia signals autophagy in tumor cells via AMPK activity, independent of HIF-1, BNIP3, and BNIP3L

Papandreou, I., Lim, A. L., Laderoute, K., & Denko, N. C. (2008) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2008.84 · Cited by 334

LC3C, Bound Selectively by a Noncanonical LIR Motif in NDP52, Is Required for Antibacterial Autophagy

von Muhlinen, N., Akutsu, M., Ravenhill, B. J., Foeglein, Á., Bloor, S., Rutherford, T. J., Freund, S. M. V., Komander, D., & Randow, F. (2012) · Molecular Cell · doi:10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.024 · Cited by 332

The Cvt pathway as a model for selective autophagy

Lynch-Day, M. A., & Klionsky, D. J. (2010) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2010.02.013 · Cited by 329

Autophagy in neurons

Stavoe, A. K. H., & Holzbaur, E. L. F. (2019) · Annual Review of Cell and Developmental Biology · doi:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-100818-125242 · Cited by 328

AMPK promotes skeletal muscle autophagy through activation of forkhead FoxO3a and interaction with Ulk1

Sanchez, A. M., Csibi, A., Raibon, A., Cornille, K., Gay, S., Bernardi, H., & Candau, R. (2012) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.23399 · Cited by 306

Targeted deletion of autophagy-related 5(atg5) impairs adipogenesis in a cellular model and in mice

Baerga, R., Zhang, Y., Chen, P.-H., Goldman, S., & Jin, S. V. (2009) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/auto.5.8.9991 · Cited by 304

Posttranslational modification of autophagy-related proteins in macroautophagy

Xie, Y., Kang, R., Sun, X., Zhong, M., Huang, J., Klionsky, D. J., & Tang, D. (2015) · Autophagy · doi:10.4161/15548627.2014.984267 · Cited by 302

ATG12 Conjugation to ATG3 Regulates Mitochondrial Homeostasis and Cell Death

Radoshevich, L., Murrow, L., Chen, N., Fernandez, E., Roy, S., Fung, C., & Debnath, J. (2010) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2010.07.018 · Cited by 290

ATG8 lipidation and ATG8-mediated autophagy in Arabidopsis require ATG12 expressed from the differentially controlled ATG12A AND ATG12B loci: Arabidopsis autophagy requires ATG12

Chung, T., Phillips, A. R., & Vierstra, R. D. (2010) · The Plant Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1365-313x.2010.04166.x · Cited by 285

PICALM modulates autophagy activity and tau accumulation

Moreau, K., Fleming, A., Imarisio, S., Lopez Ramirez, A., Mercer, J. L., Jimenez-Sanchez, M., Bento, C. F., Puri, C., Zavodszky, E., Siddiqi, F., et al. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms5998 · Cited by 281

Autophagy is an immediate macrophage response to Legionella pneumophila

Amer, A. O., & Swanson, M. S. (2005) · Cellular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1462-5822.2005.00509.x · Cited by 279

Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy in the Cardiovascular System

Gatica, D., Chiong, M., Lavandero, S., & Klionsky, D. J. (2015) · Circulation Research · doi:10.1161/circresaha.114.303788 · Cited by 272

Convergence of Multiple Autophagy and Cytoplasm to Vacuole Targeting Components to a Perivacuolar Membrane Compartment Prior tode Novo Vesicle Formation

Kim, J., Huang, W.-P., Stromhaug, P. E., & Klionsky, D. J. (2002) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m109134200 · Cited by 272

Apg10p, a novel protein‐conjugating enzyme essential for autophagy in yeast

Shintani, T., Mizushima, N., Ogawa, Y., Matsuura, A., Noda, T., & Ohsumi, Y. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.19.5234 · Cited by 269

Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy in Skeletal Muscle Health and Aging

Leduc-Gaudet, J.-P., Hussain, S. N. A., Barreiro, E., & Gouspillou, G. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22158179 · Cited by 268

Intracellular Inclusions Containing Mutant α1-Antitrypsin Z Are Propagated in the Absence of Autophagic Activity

Kamimoto, T., Shoji, S., Hidvegi, T., Mizushima, N., Umebayashi, K., Perlmutter, D. H., & Yoshimori, T. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m509409200 · Cited by 259

Autophagic Cell Death and Its Execution by Lysosomal Cathepsins.

UCHIYAMA, Y. (2001) · Archives of Histology and Cytology · doi:10.1679/aohc.64.233 · Cited by 243

The Itinerary of a Vesicle Component, Aut7p/Cvt5p, Terminates in the Yeast Vacuole via the Autophagy/Cvt Pathways

Huang, W.-P., Scott, S. V., Kim, J., & Klionsky, D. J. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.8.5845 · Cited by 241

Mutation in ATG5 reduces autophagy and leads to ataxia with developmental delay

Kim, M., Sandford, E., Gatica, D., Qiu, Y., Liu, X., Zheng, Y., Schulman, B. A., Xu, J., Semple, I., Ro, S.-H., et al. (2016) · eLife · doi:10.7554/elife.12245 · Cited by 225

Macroautophagy Is Required for Multicellular Development of the Social Amoeba Dictyostelium discoideum

Otto, G. P., Wu, M. Y., Kazgan, N., Anderson, O. R., & Kessin, R. H. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m212467200 · Cited by 221

Inhibition of Target of Rapamycin Signaling and Stress Activate Autophagy in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

Pérez-Pérez, M. E., Florencio, F. J., & Crespo, J. L. (2010) · Plant Physiology · doi:10.1104/pp.109.152520 · Cited by 215

Excess Peroxisomes Are Degraded by Autophagic Machinery in Mammals

Iwata, J.-I., Ezaki, J., Komatsu, M., Yokota, S., Ueno, T., Tanida, I., Chiba, T., Tanaka, K., & Kominami, E. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m512283200 · Cited by 212

A Single Protease, Apg4B, Is Specific for the Autophagy-related Ubiquitin-like Proteins GATE-16, MAP1-LC3, GABARAP, and Apg8L

Hemelaar, J., Lelyveld, V. S., Kessler, B. M., & Ploegh, H. L. (2003) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m308762200 · Cited by 210

Mechanisms of Selective Autophagy in Normal Physiology and Cancer

Mancias, J. D., & Kimmelman, A. C. (2016) · Journal of Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2016.02.027 · Cited by 196

Cvt18/Gsa12 Is Required for Cytoplasm-to-Vacuole Transport, Pexophagy, and Autophagy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris

Guan, J., Stromhaug, P. E., George, M. D., Habibzadegah-Tari, P., Bevan, A., Dunn, W. A., & Klionsky, D. J. (2001) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.12.12.3821 · Cited by 204

Autophagy enables microglia to engage amyloid plaques and prevents microglial senescence

Choi, I., Wang, M., Yoo, S., Xu, P., Seegobin, S. P., Li, X., Han, X., Wang, Q., Peng, J., Zhang, B., et al. (2023) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-023-01158-0 · Cited by 202

Autophagy within the antigen donor cell facilitates efficient antigen cross-priming of virus-specific CD8+ T cells

Uhl, M., Kepp, O., Jusforgues-Saklani, H., Vicencio, J.-M., Kroemer, G., & Albert, M. L. (2009) · Cell Death & Differentiation · doi:10.1038/cdd.2009.8 · Cited by 196

Acetylated microtubules are required for fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes

Xie, R., Nguyen, S., McKeehan, W. L., & Liu, L. (2010) · BMC Cell Biology · doi:10.1186/1471-2121-11-89 · Cited by 195

Generation of cell lines with tetracycline‐regulated autophagy and a role for autophagy in controlling cell size

Hosokawa, N., Hara, Y., & Mizushima, N. (2006) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2006.04.008 · Cited by 194

In Vivo and in Vitro Reconstitution of Atg8 Conjugation Essential for Autophagy

Ichimura, Y., Imamura, Y., Emoto, K., Umeda, M., Noda, T., & Ohsumi, Y. (2004) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m405860200 · Cited by 193

Atg5-mediated autophagy deficiency in proximal tubules promotes cell cycle G2/M arrest and renal fibrosis

Li, H., Peng, X., Wang, Y., Cao, S., Xiong, L., Fan, J., Wang, Y., Zhuang, S., Yu, X., & Mao, H. (2016) · Autophagy · doi:10.1080/15548627.2016.1190071 · Cited by 188

Chronic resistance training activates autophagy and reduces apoptosis of muscle cells by modulating IGF-1 and its receptors, Akt/mTOR and Akt/FOXO3a signaling in aged rats

Luo, L., Lu, A.-M., Wang, Y., Hong, A., Chen, Y., Hu, J., Li, X., & Qin, Z.-H. (2013) · Experimental Gerontology · doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.02.009 · Cited by 192

ATG5-mediated autophagy suppresses NF-κB signaling to limit epithelial inflammatory response to kidney injury

Peng, X., Wang, Y., Li, H., Fan, J., Shen, J., Yu, X., Zhou, Y., & Mao, H. (2019) · Cell Death & Disease · doi:10.1038/s41419-019-1483-7 · Cited by 183

Autophagy in disease: a double-edged sword with therapeutic potential

Martinet, W., Agostinis, P., Vanhoecke, B., Dewaele, M., & de Meyer, G. R. Y. (2009) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs20080508 · Cited by 186

Autophagy in the heart and liver during normal aging and calorie restriction

Wohlgemuth, S. E., Julian, D., Akin, D. E., Fried, J., Toscano, K., Leeuwenburgh, C., & Dunn, Jr. (2007) · Rejuvenation Research · doi:10.1089/rej.2006.0535 · Cited by 179

Deficient Autophagy Results in Mitochondrial Dysfunction and FSGS

Kawakami, T., Gomez, I. G., Ren, S., Hudkins, K., Roach, A., Alpers, C. E., Shankland, S. J., D’Agati, V. D., & Duffield, J. S. (2015) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2013111202 · Cited by 176

Metabolic Activity Determines Efficacy of Macroautophagic Clearance of Pathological Oligomeric α-Synuclein

Yu, W. H., Dorado, B., Figueroa, H. Y., Wang, L., Planel, E., Cookson, M. R., Clark, L. N., & Duff, K. E. (2009) · The American Journal of Pathology · doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080928 · Cited by 155

ATG5 is induced by DNA-damaging agents and promotes mitotic catastrophe independent of autophagy

Maskey, D., Yousefi, S., Schmid, I., Zlobec, I., Perren, A., Friis, R., & Simon, H.-U. (2013) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms3130 · Cited by 144

Cysteine peptidases CPA and CPB are vital for autophagy and differentiation in Leishmania mexicana

Williams, R. A., Tetley, L., Mottram, J. C., & Coombs, G. H. (2006) · Molecular Microbiology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2958.2006.05274.x · Cited by 140

The autophagic response to nutrient deprivation in the hl‐1 cardiac myocyte is modulated by Bcl‐2 and sarco/endoplasmic reticulum calcium stores

Brady, N. R., Hamacher‐Brady, A., Yuan, H., & Gottlieb, R. A. (2007) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05849.x · Cited by 137

Presenilin Is Necessary for Efficient Proteolysis through the Autophagy–Lysosome System in a γ-Secretase-Independent Manner

Neely, K. M., Green, K. N., & LaFerla, F. M. (2011) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5156-10.2010 · Cited by 134

Ultrastructural characterization of the delimiting membranes of isolated autophagosomes and amphisomes by freeze-fracture electron microscopy

Fengsrud, M., Erichsen, E. S., Berg, T. O., Raiborg, C., & Seglen, P. O. (2000) · European Journal of Cell Biology · doi:10.1078/0171-9335-00125 · Cited by 123

Autophagy and the cytoplasm to vacuole targeting pathway both require Aut10p

Barth, H., Meiling-Wesse, K., Epple, U. D., & Thumm, M. (2001) · FEBS Letters · doi:10.1016/s0014-5793(01)03016-2 · Cited by 123

Systematic Analysis of Human Cells Lacking ATG8 Proteins Uncovers Roles for GABARAPs and the CCZ1/MON1 Regulator C18orf8/RMC1 in Macroautophagic and Selective Autophagic Flux

Vaites, L. P., Paulo, J. A., Huttlin, E. L., & Harper, J. W. (2018) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00392-17 · Cited by 120

Neuronal autophagy: a housekeeper or a fighter in neuronal cell survival?

Lee, J.-A. (2012) · Experimental Neurobiology · doi:10.5607/en.2012.21.1.1 · Cited by 119

Brain Somatic Mutations in MTOR Disrupt Neuronal Ciliogenesis, Leading to Focal Cortical Dyslamination

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Podocytes maintain high basal levels of autophagy independent of mtor signaling

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Selective degradation of PU.1 during autophagy represses the differentiation and antitumour activity of TH9 cells

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Pancreatic Acinar Cell-Specific Autophagy Disruption Reduces Coxsackievirus Replication and Pathogenesis In Vivo

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Autophagy-mediated Regulation of BACE1 Protein Trafficking and Degradation

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Atg8 regulates vacuolar membrane dynamics in a lipidation-independent manner in Pichia pastoris

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