Fractal design concepts for stretchable electronics
Open accessAbstract
Stretchable electronics provide a foundation for applications that exceed the scope of conventional wafer and circuit board technologies due to their unique capacity to integrate with soft materials and curvilinear surfaces. The range of possibilities is predicated on the development of device architectures that simultaneously offer advanced electronic function and compliant mechanics. Here we report that thin films of hard electronic materials patterned in deterministic fractal motifs and bonded to elastomers enable unusual mechanics with important implications in stretchable device design. In particular, we demonstrate the utility of Peano, Greek cross, Vicsek and other fractal constructs to yield space-filling structures of electronic materials, including monocrystalline silicon, for electrophysiological sensors, precision monitors and actuators, and radio frequency antennas. These devices support conformal mounting on the skin and have unique properties such as invisibility under magnetic resonance imaging. The results suggest that fractal-based layouts represent important strategies for hard-soft materials integration.
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The applied stresses on the nerve and the reliability of the Au layer can be further improved by increasing the stretchability of the twining electrode.
“In addition, the applied stresses on the nerve and the reliability of the Au layer can be further improved by increasing the stretchability of the twining electrode according to previous works (44–47).”
From Climbing-inspired twining electrodes using shape memory for peripheral nerve stimulation and recording (2019) · cites this paper as [47]
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- Authors
- Fan, J. A., Yeo, W.-H., Su, Y., Hattori, Y., Lee, W., Jung, S.-Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, Z., Cheng, H., Falgout, L., Bajema, M., Coleman, T., Gregoire, D., Larsen, R. J., Huang, Y., & Rogers, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (KR)
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research (SG)
- University of California San Diego (US)
- HRL Laboratories (United States) (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rogers, John A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Nature Communications
- Published
- 2014-02-07
- Volume
- 5
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3266-3266
- ISSN
- 2041-1723 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1981363934
- Cited by
- 1,088
- References
- 41
- Citations by year
- 2026: 73 · 2025: 72 · 2024: 102 · 2023: 97 · 2022: 101 · 2021: 104 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 82 · 2016: 66 · 2015: 46 · 2014: 25
- FWCI
- 37.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Nature Communications (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Science Foundation (DE-FG02-07ER46471)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- U.S. Department of Energy (DE‐FG02‐, DEFG0207ER46471, FG02-07ER46471)
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
- Office of Naval Research
- Division of Materials Research
- Basic Energy Sciences (DE‐FG02‐07ER46471, DE-FG02)
- Army Research Office (DE-FG02-07ER46471, ARO-62793-RT-REP)
- Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering (DE‐FG02‐07ER46471)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Advanced Sensor and Energy Harvesting Materials
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Electrical and Electronic Engineering › Nanomaterials and Printing Technologies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Keywords
- stretchable electronics, fractal design, Peano curve, Vicsek fractal, elastomeric substrates, thin-film electronics, monocrystalline silicon, stretchable electrodes, radio frequency antennas, actuators, MRI compatibility
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Electronics, Epidermis, Humans, Male, Fractals, Mechanics, Young Adult
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