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Advances in fetal and neonatal neuroimaging and everyday exposures
Abstract
The complex, tightly regulated process of prenatal brain development may be adversely affected by “everyday exposures” such as stress and environmental pollutants. Researchers are only just beginning to understand the neural sequelae of such exposures, with advances in fetal and neonatal neuroimaging elucidating structural, microstructural, and functional correlates in the developing brain. This narrative review discusses the wide-ranging literature investigating the influence of parental stress on fetal and neonatal brain development as well as emerging literature assessing the impact of exposure to environmental toxicants such as lead and air pollution. These ‘everyday exposures’ can co-occur with other stressors such as social and financial deprivation, and therefore we include a brief discussion of neuroimaging studies assessing the effect of social disadvantage. Increased exposure to prenatal stressors is associated with alterations in the brain structure, microstructure and function, with some evidence these associations are moderated by factors such as infant sex. However, most studies examine only single exposures and the literature on the relationship between in utero exposure to pollutants and fetal or neonatal brain development is sparse. Large cohort studies are required that include evaluation of multiple co-occurring exposures in order to fully characterize their impact on early brain development. Impact: Increased prenatal exposure to parental stress and is associated with altered functional, macro and microstructural fetal and neonatal brain development. Exposure to air pollution and lead may also alter brain development in the fetal and neonatal period. Further research is needed to investigate the effect of multiple co-occurring exposures, including stress, environmental toxicants, and socioeconomic deprivation on early brain development.
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“Exposure to adverse prenatal circumstances, such as socioeconomic adversity, air pollution, and even lead exposure, has been associated with changes in neonatal white matter structure, brain volumes, and functional connectivity in large cohort studies.57”
From Environmental roots of neonatal health: how social and structural exposures shape early-life outcomes (2026) · cites this paper as [57]
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Cited by
Nawaz, K., Babata, K., Scheid, L., Bitar, L., Ortiz, N. V., Kota, S., & Chalak, L. F. (2026) · Pediatric Research · doi:10.1038/s41390-026-05139-5 · Cited by 1
Metadata
- Authors
- Lautarescu, A., Bonthrone, A. F., Bos, B., Barratt, B., & Counsell, S. J.
- Venue
- Pediatric Research
- Published
- 2024-06-14
- Volume
- 96
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1404-1416
- ISSN
- 0031-3998
- 1530-0447
- Cited by
- 17
- References
- 29
- Language
- en
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Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Advances in fetal and neonatal neuroimaging and everyday exposures. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1038/s41390-024-03294-1
- The paper
- Lautarescu, A., Bonthrone, A. F., Bos, B., Barratt, B., & Counsell, S. J. (2024). Advances in fetal and neonatal neuroimaging and everyday exposures. Pediatric Research. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41390-024-03294-1
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.