Neural effects of short-term training on working memory
Open accessAbstract
Working memory training has been the focus of intense research interest. Despite accumulating behavioral work, knowledge about the neural mechanisms underlying training effects is scarce. Here, we show that 7 days of training on an n-back task led to substantial performance improvements in the trained task; furthermore, the experimental group showed cross-modal transfer, as compared with an active control group. In addition, there were two neural effects that emerged as a function of training: first, increased perfusion during task performance in selected regions, reflecting a neural response to cope with high task demand; second, increased blood flow at rest in regions where training effects were apparent. We also found that perfusion at rest was correlated with task proficiency, probably reflecting an improved neural readiness to perform. Our findings are discussed within the context of the available neuroimaging literature on n-back training.
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Fluid intelligence and n-back performance rely on overlapping cognitive and neural processes, including shared working memory and interference-resolution demands.
“On theoretical grounds, the observed improvements are plausible, since Gf and n-back performance draw upon overlapping cognitive and neural processes, including shared demands on WM and interference resolution (Burgess et al., 2011;Buschkuehl, Hernandez-Garcia, Jaeggi, Bernard, & Jonides, 2014;von Bastian & Oberauer, 2013).”
From Improving fluid intelligence with training on working memory: a meta-analysis (2015) · cites this paper as Buschkuehl, Hernandez-Garcia, Jaeggi, Bernard, & Jonides, 2014
The Discussion (page unavailable) proposes that n-back and reasoning tasks may engage overlapping brain regions and psychological processes. The paper also identifies working memory as relevant to both in its introductory text, but it does not establish a shared interference-resolution demand; the only retrieved mention of interference control is in a reference title. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTraining on N-back improves performance on N-back tasks that were not trained.
“While there is little doubt that N-back training leads to improved performance on untrained N-back tasks13,25–27”
From Near transfer to an unrelated N-back task mediates the effect of N-back working memory training on matrix reasoning (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
It is plausible that transfer occurs when training and transfer tasks engage overlapping processes and neural circuits.
“Extending this to the neural level, it is plausible that transfer occurs if the training and transfer tasks engage overlapping processes and neural circuits26,51.”
From Near transfer to an unrelated N-back task mediates the effect of N-back working memory training on matrix reasoning (2022) · cites this paper as [26]
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- Authors
- Buschkuehl, M., Hernandez-Garcia, L., Jaeggi, S. M., Bernard, J. A., & Jonides, J.
- Affiliations
- MIND Research Institute (US)
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- University of Colorado Boulder (US)
- University of Michigan (US)
- Corresponding author
- Buschkuehl, Martin
- Venue
- Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 2014-02-05
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 147-160
- ISSN
- 1530-7026 (ISSN-L)
- 1531-135X
- PMC
- PMC4058299
- OpenAlex
- W2063604392
- Cited by
- 117
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 4
- FWCI
- 19.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (T32AG000114)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- working memory training, n-back task, cross-modal transfer, blood flow, task proficiency
- MeSH terms
- Auditory Perception, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cerebrovascular Circulation, Female, Humans, Learning, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Practice, Psychological, Rest, Task Performance and Analysis, Transfer, Psychology, Visual Perception, Young Adult
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