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Cited by 643

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Peer relations in childhood

Hay, Dale F., Payne, Alexandra, Chadwick, Andrea·2004·Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
DOI 10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00308.x
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Abstract

We present a developmental model that describes normal peer relations and highlights processes that underlie the emergence of problems with peers in childhood. We propose that children's relationships with peers begin in the first years of life, with stable individual differences and preferences for particular peers emerging by three years of age. Social skills that facilitate peer relationships consolidate in the preschool years, during which time peer groups become structured with respect to friendship groups, gender, and dominance relations; some children begin to be rejected by their peers. In later childhood some children develop entrenched problems with peer relationships, in terms of loneliness, bullying and victimisation. Underlying cognitive and emotional processes that facilitate successful peer relationships at all ages are identified, and the extent to which peer relations play a causal role in the genesis of disorder is evaluated. A review of the evidence suggests that, rather than a simple pathway from problematic peer relations to disorder, there is a reciprocal relationship between children's problems with peers and their psychological problems from infancy to adolescence.

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Metadata

Authors
Hay, D. F., Payne, A., & Chadwick, A.
Venue
Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Publisher
Wiley
Published
2004-01
Volume
45
Issue
1
Pages
84-108
ISSN
  • 0021-9630 (ISSN-L)
  • 1469-7610
DOI
10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00308.x
OpenAlex
W2134893623
Cited by
643
References
12
FWCI
21.88
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor, 8 d)

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Hay, D. F., Payne, A., & Chadwick, A. (2004). Peer relations in childhood. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0021-9630.2003.00308.x

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