Development of the human gastrointestinal microbiota and insights from high-throughput sequencing
Open accessAbstract
Little was known about the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract microbiota, until recently, because of difficulties in obtaining sufficient sequence information from enough people or time points. Now, with decreased costs of DNA sequencing and improved bioinformatic tools, we can compare GI tract bacterial communities among individuals, of all ages from infancy to adulthood. Some key recent findings are that the initial bacterial community, even in the GI tract, depends strongly on delivery mode; that the process of early development of the microbiota is highly unstable and idiosyncratic; that the microbiota differs considerably among children from different countries; and that older adults have substantially different GI tract communities than younger adults, indicating that the GI tract microbiota can change throughout life. We relate these observations to different models of evolution including the evolution of senescence and suggest that probiotics be selected based on patient age. Studies of the microbiota in older people might tell us which probiotics could increase longevity. Drug metabolism varies among individuals with different microbial communities, so age- and region-specific clinical trials are required to ensure safety and efficacy.
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The initial pattern of intestinal colonization depends on mode of delivery.
“The initial intestinal colonization pattern depends upon mode of delivery1.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [1]
A healthy human fetus develops in an environment thought to be largely sterile.
“A healthy human fetus develops in an environment that is thought to be largely sterile1.”
From Diet and the Intestinal Microbiome: Associations, Functions, and Implications for Health and Disease (2014) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Dominguez-Bello, M. G., Blaser, M. J., Ley, R. E., & Knight, R.
- Affiliations
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System (US)
- Cornell University (US)
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute (US)
- Corresponding author
- Knight, Rob
- Venue
- Gastroenterology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2011-05
- Volume
- 140
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 1713-1719
- ISSN
- 0016-5085 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10924805
- OpenAlex
- W1987625100
- Cited by
- 405
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 19 · 2022: 29 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 25 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 39 · 2014: 34 · 2013: 29 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 3.05
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Rutgers University Community Repository (Rutgers University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute
- National Human Genome Research Institute (U01HG004866, HG4866, R01HG004872, HG4872)
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (P01DK078669, DK098989, R01DK090989, DK78669)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Infant Nutrition and Health
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, microbiome development, gut bacterial community, mode of delivery, early-life microbiota, interindividual variability, older adults, senescence, probiotics, longevity, drug metabolism
- MeSH terms
- Aging, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bacteria, Diet, Humans, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Bacterial Physiological Phenomena, Delivery, Obstetric, Gastrointestinal Tract, Metagenome
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