The DOI matches its Crossref record; 71 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 32 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial
Open accessAbstract
The current study is the first randomized-controlled trial evaluating the feasibility and initial efficacy of an 8-week outpatient Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) program as compared to treatment as usual (TAU). Participants were 168 adults with substance use disorders who had recently completed intensive inpatient or outpatient treatment. Assessments were administered pre-intervention, post-intervention, and 2 and 4 months post-intervention. Feasibility of MBRP was demonstrated by consistent homework compliance, attendance, and participant satisfaction. Initial efficacy was supported by significantly lower rates of substance use in those who received MBRP as compared to those in TAU over the 4-month post-intervention period. Additionally, MBRP participants demonstrated greater decreases in craving, and increases in acceptance and acting with awareness as compared to TAU. Results from this initial trial support the feasibility and initial efficacy of MBRP as an aftercare approach for individuals who have recently completed an intensive treatment for substance use disorders.
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18 Own method · 17 Own result · 14 Not checked yet · 6 Own interpretation
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The omnibus model for substance-use problems (Wald χ2 (7, N = 163) = 135.14, P <.001) was significant.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Primary Outcomes
plainn = 163- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The significant main effects for t were qualified by a significant t × Treatment interaction, which indicated that AOD use decreased to a greater extent among MBRP versus TAU participants.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Primary Outcomes
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The AOD use model was statistically significant (Wald χ2 (7, N = 163) = 97.72,P <.001).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Primary Outcomes
plainn = 163- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two months post-intervention, MBRP participants reported an average of 2.1 days of use, and TAU participants reported an average of 5.4 days (see Table 2).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Primary Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The significant main effects for t were qualified by a significant t × Treatment interaction, suggesting that acting with awareness increased to a greater extent among MBRP versus TAU participants, for whom it decreased.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Process Outcomes
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Models for the other subscales of the FFMQ evinced nonsignificant treatment effects or omnibus model tests (P > .05).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Process Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The craving (PACS) model was statistically significant (Wald χ2 (7, N = 166) = 37.60, P < .001).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Process Outcomes
plainn = 166 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a significant t × Treatment interaction such that, over time, acceptance increased more among MBRP participants than among TAU participants (see Table 2).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Process Outcomes
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Specifically, the MBRP group showed an average 86% decrease in AOD use for each 2-month increase in linear time.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Primary Outcomes
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The acting with awareness (FFMQ-ACT) model was marginally significant (Wald χ2 (7, N = 165) = 13.03, P = .07).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Process Outcomes
plainn = 165 ·- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 16
- Probably not a substantial claim. 16
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant treatment interactions or main effects of treatment on substance use problems (P > .68).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Primary Outcomes
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The significant t2 × Treatment interaction also indicated a curvilinear effect of treatment on AOD use, which suggested that the treatment gains made by MBRP participants, compared to TAU participants, decayed by 4 months post-intervention.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Primary Outcomes
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Many therapeutic orientations, such as Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) (23) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for depression (MBCT) (24), use mindfulness techniques and practices, leading to growing evidence of its benefits (24–30).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The most commonly available treatments in many developed countries are 12-step or mutual support groups (4).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [4] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
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Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“however, these approaches may not be clinically indicated for individuals adverse to the disease model of addiction (6) or whose spiritual beliefs and/or lifestyle are in conflict with the 12-step philosophy.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Integration of further efficacious treatment components may enhance RP treatment effects (18).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] source
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Participation in 12-step programs is associated with greater abstinence (5)”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“substance use disorders are often described as “chronic relapsing conditions” (2,3).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“RP has been disseminated for treatment of several types of substance abuse (8–12) with considerable empirical support (13–20).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] source
- Not checked yetcites [9] source
- Not checked yetcites [10] source
- Not checked yetcites [11] source
- Not checked yetcites [12] source
- Not checked yetcites [13] source
- Not checked yetcites [14] source
- Not checked yetcites [15] source
- Not checked yetcites [16] source
- Not checked yetcites [17] source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“relapse remains a significant problem for 44% to 70% of clients (21).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [21] source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Other sociodemographic variables, including gender, ethnicity, and severity of initial substance use, were examined in primary analyses as potential covariates and moderators of the treatment effects. None were significant (all P > .05), and they were not included in final models.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Group Differences at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Approximately 61%, 57%, and 73% of the sample (N = 168) completed post-intervention and 2-month and 4-month follow-up assessments, respectively.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Compliance, Attrition, and Satisfaction
hedgedn = 168- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“MBRP participants reported attending 5.2 (2.4) or 65% of treatment sessions.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Compliance, Attrition, and Satisfaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Its internal consistency in the current study was .68.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“recent simulation studies have shown that the estimation method employed in this study (i.e., maximum likelihood estimation) is less biased and more precise in dealing with missing data than traditional data imputation methods, such as assuming use for missing observations (intent-to-treat methods) or carrying the last observation forward (56).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Statistical Analysis
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [56] source
boosteddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The TLFB has demonstrated good reliability and validity with both online and in-person administration (42).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“54% reported continued practice at 4 months post-intervention for an average of 4.7 ± 4.0 days/week and 29.9 ± 19.5 minutes per session.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Compliance, Attrition, and Satisfaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“internal consistency in the current study was .96.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Internal consistency in the current study was .91, with subscale alphas ranging from .80 to .87.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Results of the current study provide evidence for the feasibility and initial efficacy of MBRP, offering empirical support for MBRP as an alternative to standard-of-care 12-step-based or related aftercare programs.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > DISCUSSION
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The SCID-I has demonstrated reliability and validity in such settings.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [38]
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Attrition did not significantly differ between groups at any time point and the predictors in each model were not significantly associated with missing data on dependent variables.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Compliance, Attrition, and Satisfaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In conclusion, this RCT demonstrates empirical promise for feasibility and initial efficacy of MBRP as an aftercare treatment for substance use disorders, and provides preliminary support for the theoretical framework behind mindfulness meditation as a therapy for addictive behaviors.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > DISCUSSION
boostedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Of screened participants (N = 260), 187 met eligibility criteria. Nine declined participation, 9 failed to complete the baseline assessment, and 1 refused randomization, reducing the overall sample to 168.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS
plainn = 260- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants rated the MBRP course as highly important (8.3 ± 1.4) and reported a high likelihood of continuing formal (8.9 ± 1.2) and informal (8.9 ± 1.7) meditation practices.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Compliance, Attrition, and Satisfaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Its internal consistency in the current sample was .87.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“participants were randomly assigned, using a computerized random number generator, to either 8 weeks of MBRP or continuation of their existing TAU.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > METHODS > Design and Procedure
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Total number of treatment hours was therefore used as a covariate in all primary analyses.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Compliance, Attrition, and Satisfaction
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To control for this baseline difference, race was used as a covariate in all analyses.”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Group Differences at Baseline
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
The paper relies on this without support.
The current trial is the first randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for substance use disorders and relapse prevention.
“To our knowledge, this is the first RCT evaluating the efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention for substance use disorders and the prevention of relapse.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source doesn’t support the claim as written.
In the citing paper
“An obstacle in MBRP is low adherence rates, with outpatient therapy having a compliance rate of 50%–60% compared to 70% for relapse prevention. 27”
From Enhancing Emotion Regulation and Overcoming Craving in Alcohol Dependence Syndrome Through Mindfulness-based Relapse Prevention (2025) · cites this paper as [27]
Checked by a reasoning model — may be wrong.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Pilot trials comparing an 8-week Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention Program (MBRP) to TAU have found significant decreases in stress, craving, and substance use, with similar effects after cultural adaptation for ethnically and racially diverse populations 20,21.”
From Effects of a trauma-informed mindful recovery program on comorbid pain, anxiety, and substance use during primary care buprenorphine treatment: A proof-of-concept study (2023) · cites this paper as [20]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The length of treatment in the current protocol corresponds well to the mean number of sessions [5.2] attended by smokers in treatment, even when eight sessions are offered (Bowen et al., 2009).”
From A randomized controlled trial protocol for engaging distress tolerance and working memory to aid smoking cessation in low socioeconomic status (SES) adults (2020) · cites this paper as Bowen et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The length of treatment in the current protocol corresponds well to the mean number of sessions [5.2] attended by smokers in treatment, even when eight sessions are offered (Bowen et al., 2009).”
From A randomized controlled trial protocol for engaging distress tolerance and working memory to aid smoking cessation in low socioeconomic status (SES) adults (2020) · cites this paper as Bowen et al., 2009
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Over the course of treatment, MBRP evinced fewer days of use compared to TAU (MBRP: M = .06 days, TAU: M = 2.57 days).”
From Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors (2011) · cites this paper as [117]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Clinical trials have shown the benefits of this protocol in respect of reducing the number of days of use, the amounts of alcohol or other drugs consumed, the risk of relapse compared with standard Relapse Prevention or usual treatment (psychoeducational or twelve-step) (11–13).”
From A mindfulness-based intervention for Substance Use Disorder in a Brazilian vulnerable population: a feasibility mixed method study (2024) · cites this paper as [11]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness-based meditation (MBM) or mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) is increasingly being employed in western psychology to alleviate a variety of mental and physical conditions including obsessive compulsive disorder and anxiety and in the prevention of relapse in depression and drug addiction [6–10].”
From State and training effects of mindfulness meditation on brain networks reflect neuronal mechanisms of its antidepressant effect (2016) · cites this paper as [7]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“Although the retention rate of the MBRP group was slightly lower than the TAU group, it was comparable to, or even better than, some of the previous MBRP studies [17, 49, 52, 53].”
From The feasibility of mindfulness‐based relapse prevention for adults with substance use disorders (illicit drugs) in a Chinese population: A pilot randomized controlled trial. (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The total retention rate was 88.9%, which was above the 61% cut‐off, and was comparable to the original trial [17].”
From The feasibility of mindfulness‐based relapse prevention for adults with substance use disorders (illicit drugs) in a Chinese population: A pilot randomized controlled trial. (2026) · cites this paper as [17]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Two randomized controlled trials of MBRP as aftercare for patients who had completed treatment in the community showed significantly greater reductions in substance use in the MBRP arm compared with treatment as usual (Bowen et al., 2009) and with cognitive behavioral treatment (Bowen et al., 2014).”
From Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention in a Jail Drug Treatment Program. (2019) · cites this paper as Bowen et al., 2009
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“These differences persisted at 2-month follow-up (2.08 days for MBRP vs. 5.43 days for TAU).”
From Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors (2011) · cites this paper as [117]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Compared to TAU, MBRP participants reported significantly reduced craving, and increased acceptance and mindful awareness over the 4-month follow-up period, consistent with the core goals of MBRP.”
From Relapse prevention for addictive behaviors (2011) · cites this paper as [117]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness-based interventions have demonstrated promise for supporting recovery and improving mental health for persons with substance use conditions (e.g. Refs. [11–21]).”
From Mindful moms: acceptability and impact of co-designed and digitally delivered video meditations for pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The foundation content of the meditations was based on Mindfulness Based Relapse Prevention [11].”
From Mindful moms: acceptability and impact of co-designed and digitally delivered video meditations for pregnant and parenting women with opioid use disorder (2025) · cites this paper as [11]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The total retention rate was 88.9%, which was above the 61% cut‐off, and was comparable to the original trial [17].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“MBRP average attendance in this study (4.59 sessions) was comparable to other studies (4.2–6.45 sessions) [17, 52, 53].”
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The trial that this study aimed to replicate had a retention rate of 61% at post‐intervention and 73% at 4‐month follow‐up [17].”
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“some authors have suggested that it is important to understand models of psychopathology by assessing the role of experiential avoidance as a mediator and/or moderator [31,32].”
From Cognitive fusion mediates the relationship between dispositional mindfulness and negative affects: A study in a sample of spanish children and adolescent school students (2019) · cites this paper as [32]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“Mindfulness-based interventions have some success in treating SUD (Bowen et al., 2009, Witkiewitz et al., 2005, Zgierska et al., 2009)”
From Sensitive periods of substance abuse: Early risk for the transition to dependence (2017) · cites this paper as Bowen et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“In contrast to other health outcomes, the health-promoting effects of meditation are most pronounced for pain and pain-related comorbidities, including opioid addiction and misuse,155–158 stress,37, 138 depression,159–161 and anxiety.31, 162, 163”
From Mindfulness meditation-based pain relief: a mechanistic account (2016) · cites this paper as [157]
In the citing paper
“In contrast to other health outcomes, the health-promoting effects of meditation are most pronounced for pain and pain-related comorbidities, including opioid addiction and misuse,155–158 stress,37, 138 depression,159–161 and anxiety.31, 162, 163”
From Mindfulness meditation-based pain relief: a mechanistic account (2016) · cites this paper as [158]
In the citing paper
“trait mindfulness can be increased through mindfulness meditation training (Bowen et al., 2009; Carmody & Baer, 2008)”
From Five Facets of Mindfulness and Psychological Health: Evaluating a Psychological Model of the Mechanisms of Mindfulness (2015) · cites this paper as Bowen et al., 2009
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) is a novel approach to relapse prevention (a cognitive behavioral group therapy) (137).”
From Craving in Opioid Use Disorder: From Neurobiology to Clinical Practice (2019) · cites this paper as [137]
In the citing paper
“MBRP has been shown to reduce substance use compared with treatment as usual in patients with substance use disorders in both outpatient and residential settings (137–139).”
From Craving in Opioid Use Disorder: From Neurobiology to Clinical Practice (2019) · cites this paper as [137]
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Consistentχ²(1) = 5.51reported p = .02 · recomputed p = .019
“χ2 (1, N = 168) = 5.51, p = .02”
- Consistentχ²(1) = 0.631reported p = .43 · recomputed p = .427
“χ2 (1, N = 93) = .631, p = .43”
- Consistentχ²(7) = 97.72reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“χ2 (7, N = 163) = 97.72,p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(7) = 135.14reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“χ2 (7, N = 163) = 135.14, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(7) = 37.6reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“χ2 (7, N = 166) = 37.60, p < .001”
- Consistentχ²(7) = 16.25reported p = .02 · recomputed p = .023
“χ2 (7,N = 163) = 16.25, p = .02”
- Consistentχ²(7) = 13.03reported p = .07 · recomputed p = .071
“χ2 (7, N = 165) = 13.03, p = .07”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS
“Approximately half identified as Caucasian (51.8%), followed by African American (28.6%), Multiracial (15.3%), and Native American (7.7%).”
§ Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Substance Use Disorders: A Pilot Efficacy Trial > RESULTS > Treatment Group Differences at Baseline
“the MBRP group consisted of a higher proportion of White participants (63%) than TAU (45%).”
Citations
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“Suicidality was assessed using the suicide section of the Hamilton Depression Inventory (39), and a single item from the Brief Symptom Inventory (40) (“How much were you distressed by thoughts of ending your life?”).”
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“Population-averaged generalized estimating equations (52) were conducted to test treatment effects on substance-use and process outcomes using STATA-10 statistical program (53).”
MethodUsing Self-Report Assessment Methods to Explore Facets of Mindfulness
Baer, R. A., Smith, G. T., Hopkins, J., Krietemeyer, J., & Toney, L. (2006) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191105283504 · Cited by 7,511 · cited 2×
“The FFMQ has demonstrated good internal consistency (46).”
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Derogatis, L. R., & Melisaratos, N. (1983) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291700048017 · Cited by 6,650 · cited 1×
“Suicidality was assessed using the suicide section of the Hamilton Depression Inventory (39), and a single item from the Brief Symptom Inventory (40) (“How much were you distressed by thoughts of ending your life?”).”
MethodSobell, L. C., & Sobell, M. B. (1992) · Measuring Alcohol Consumption · doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-0357-5_3 · Cited by 4,110
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“Lower scores have been associated with increased levels of psychopathology and decreased quality of life (48).”
BackgroundPrevention of relapse/recurrence in major depression by mindfulness-based cognitive therapy.
Teasdale, J. D., Segal, Z. V., Williams, J. M. G., Ridgeway, V. A., Soulsby, J. M., & Lau, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.68.4.615 · Cited by 3,236
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- Kabat-Zinn J, 2002, Guided Mindfulness Meditation [audio CD]
- Gorski T T, 2007, The Gorski-Cenaps Model for Recovery and Relapse Prevention
- Holzel B K, 2008, Scan, 3, 55
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 201–300 of 714
Prevention and Treatment of Compulsive Buying Disorder
Galimov, A., & Black, D. W. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.027 · Cited by 42
Blum, K., Roy, A. K., Podesta, A., Modestino, E. J., Steinberg, B., Gondré-Lewis, M. C., Baron, D. A., Thanos, P. K., Lott, L., Badgaiyan, S., et al. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.031 · Cited by 42
Prevention and Treatment of “Food Addiction”
Davis, C., & Mason, A. E. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.023 · Cited by 42
Human Neurobiological Approaches to Hedonically Motivated Behaviors
Burger, K. S., Shearrer, G. E., & Sadler, J. R. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.009 · Cited by 42
Feedback Models for Gambling Control: The Use and Efficacy of Online Responsible Gambling Tools
Griffiths, M. D. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.034 · Cited by 42
Dispositional Mindfulness Predicts Enhanced Smoking Cessation and Smoking Lapse Recovery
Heppner, W. L., Spears, C. A., Correa-Fernández, V., Castro, Y., Li, Y., Guo, B., Reitzel, L. R., Vidrine, J. I., Mazas, C. A., Cofta-Woerpel, L. M., et al. (2016) · Annals of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12160-015-9759-3 · Cited by 46
Zhang, J., Ma, S., Li, C. R., Liu, L., Xia, C., Lan, J., Wang, L., Liu, B., Yao, Y., & Fang, X. (2016) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.12474 · Cited by 47
“In support, mindfulness training has shown efficacy in decreasing craving (Bowen et al. 2009) and cue-related attentional bias (Garland et al. 2012), with VS and IPL activity remediated by psychobehavioral interventions in drug addicts (Garland et al. 2014; Konova et al. 2013; Vollstädt-Klein et…”
The State of Dispositional Mindfulness Research
Karl, J. A., & Fischer, R. D. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01853-3 · Cited by 53
“In the USA, these focused on substance abuse (Bowen et al., 2009; Chiesa & Serretti, 2014), mindfulness measurement (Grossman, 2008), the relationship between mindfulness, anxiety and depression (Desrosiers et al.”
BackgroundHistorical and Contemporary Perspectives
Howard, M. O., Garland, E. L., & Whitt, A. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5357-4_1 · Cited by 43
Kamboj, S. K., Irez, D., Serfaty, S., Thomas, E., Das, R. K., & Freeman, T. P. (2017) · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1093/ijnp/pyx064 · Cited by 41
Farris, S. G., Zvolensky, M. J., & Schmidt, N. B. (2014) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.07.026 · Cited by 49
“Similarly, reductions in thought suppression are associated with greater abstinence likelihood (Bowen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundEleftheriou, M. E., & Thomas, E. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2021.707057 · Cited by 39
“These MBIs have been modified to specifically target certain psychopathologies: for example, mindfulness-based stress reduction [MBSR; (14)] is often utilised to treat anxiety and depression, while mindfulnessbased relapse prevention [MBRP; (15)] is applied to prolong abstinence in individuals at risk of substance use…”
Mindfulness-based interventions for addictive behaviors: implementation issues on the road ahead
Wilson, A. D., Roos, C. R., Robinson, C. S., Stein, E. R., Manuel, J. A., Enkema, M. C., Bowen, S., & Witkiewitz, K. (2017) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/adb0000319 · Cited by 41
Overall and differential attrition in mindfulness-based interventions: A meta-analysis
Lam, S. U., Kirvin-Quamme, A., & Goldberg, S. B. (2022) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-022-01970-z · Cited by 39
“, 2013), and closely related programs such as mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP; Bowen et al., 2009), mindfulnessoriented recovery enhancement (MORE; Garland et al.”
BackgroundSchwebel, F. J., Korecki, J. R., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2020) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-020-00302-2 · Cited by 42
Self-citationStynes, G., Leão, C. S., & McHugh, L. (2022) · Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science · doi:10.1016/j.jcbs.2022.01.006 · Cited by 39
Dill, B., & Holton, R. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00139 · Cited by 40
Considering Drug-Associated Contexts in Substance Use Disorders and Treatment Development
LeCocq, M. R., Randall, P. A., Besheer, J., & Chaudhri, N. (2020) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1007/s13311-019-00824-2 · Cited by 42
A pilot study of mindfulness-based relapse prevention for compulsive sexual behaviour disorder
Holas, P., Draps, M., Kowalewska, E., Lewczuk, K., & Gola, M. (2021) · Journal of Behavioral Addictions · doi:10.1556/2006.2020.00075 · Cited by 39
Garland, E. L., Thomas, E. A., & Howard, M. O. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.03.006 · Cited by 40
“Mindfulness training – the practice of cultivating a non-reactive, receptive awareness of and attention to present moment experiences – has been shown to reduce pain symptoms (8-10), decrease emotional distress (11, 12), and reduce addictive behaviors (13).”
BackgroundDavis, J. P., Barr, N., Dworkin, E. R., Dumas, T. M., Berey, B. L., DiGuiseppi, G., & Cahn, B. R. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01164-0 · Cited by 38
A Qualitative Investigation of the Experience of Mindfulness Training Among Police Officers
Eddy, A., Bergman, A. L., Kaplan, J., Goerling, R. J., & Christopher, M. (2019) · Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology · doi:10.1007/s11896-019-09340-7 · Cited by 44
Roos, C. R., Bowen, S. W., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01456-w · Cited by 38
Self-citationMindfulness-Based Cognitive Approach for Seniors (MBCAS): Program Development and Implementation
Keller, B. Z., Singh, N. N., & Winton, A. S. W. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0262-2 · Cited by 38
“The MBCAS program is based on the MBSR, MindfulnessBased Cognitive Therapy (MBCT; Segal et al. 2002) and Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP; Bowen et al. 2011) programs.”
MethodLevin, M. E., Dalrymple, K., & Zimmerman, M. (2014) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0034706 · Cited by 36
Carrico, A. W., Jain, J. P., Discepola, M. V., Olem, D., Andrews, R., Woods, W. J., Neilands, T. B., SHOPTAW, S. J., Gómez, W., Dilworth, S. E., et al. (2016) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3325-1 · Cited by 39
Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J., Gawrysiak, M. J., Strauss, C., Haynes, E., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2017) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2017.1284232 · Cited by 37
“Two RCTs have demonstrated the effectiveness of MBRP in reducing substance use following treatment (Bowen et al., 2009, 2014), with individuals in MBRP having better treatment outcomes than individuals in traditional 12-step outpatient programming (Bowen et al., 2009) and individuals in traditional…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialCavicchioli, M., Movalli, M., Ramella, P., Vassena, G., Prudenziati, F., & Maffei, C. (2019) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.1080/16066359.2019.1590558 · Cited by 38
“Improving awareness of triggers and internal reactions of craving, and fostering more skillful behavioral choices (Witkiewitz et al. 2005; Bowen et al. 2006; Bowen et al. 2009).”
BackgroundJoss, D., & Teicher, M. H. (2021) · Current Treatment Options in Psychiatry · doi:10.1007/s40501-021-00240-4 · Cited by 35
Cayoun, B. A., & Shires, A. G. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.545945 · Cited by 36
Zhang, A., & Zhang, Q. (2021) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-021-01778-5 · Cited by 48
Stappenbeck, C. A., Luterek, J. A., Kaysen, D. L., Rosenthal, C. F., Gurrad, B., & Simpson, T. L. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.12.013 · Cited by 37
“It is postulated that the efforts to change or suppress one's thoughts and feelings lead to increased suffering (Bowen et al., 2009; Hayes et al., 1996; Orsillo & Batten, 2005; Witkiewitz, Bowen, Douglas, & Hsu, 2013; see also Linehan, 1993) as these efforts can actually increase thoughts about the…”
BackgroundOstafin, B. D., Kassman, K. T., & Wessel, I. (2013) · Psychology of Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1037/a0032621 · Cited by 35
“This delinking of automatic processes and subsequent responses could partly account for the efficacy of mindfulness interventions for substance use (Bowen et al., 2009; Brewer et al., 2011; Zgierska et al., 2008).”
Amaro, H. D. L. A., & Black, D. S. (2021) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0000000000000907 · Cited by 34
“, MBRP) have focused on either men or mixed-sex samples and have not reported on sex differences (40); thus, comparisons to our study are limited.”
ResultMindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention: History, Mechanisms of Action, and Effects
Penberthy, J., Konig, A., Gioia, C., Rodríguez, V. M., Starr, J. A., Meese, W., Worthington-Stoneman, D., Kersting, K., & Natanya, E. (2013) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0239-1 · Cited by 5
“To the authors' knowledge, only one of the MBRP studies (Bowen et al. 2009) utilized a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to evaluate the effects of MBRP on participants' alcohol and other drug use and provided follow-up data.”
InfluentialCarroll, H. A., & Lustyk, M. K. B. (2017) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-017-0791-1 · Cited by 35
Bravo, A. J., Pearson, M. R., Stevens, L. E., & Henson, J. M. (2016) · Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs · doi:10.15288/jsad.2016.77.661 · Cited by 38
“From a clinical trial testing Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP; Bowen et al., 2009) for reducing substance use, Witkiewitz and Bowen (2010) found that the participants who received MBRP (compared with control) demonstrated an attenuated association between posttreatment depressive…”
BackgroundDimensions of distress tolerance and the moderating effects on mindfulness-based stress reduction
Gawrysiak, M. J., Leong, S. H., Grassetti, S. N., Wai, M., Shorey, R. C., & Baime, M. J. (2015) · Anxiety Stress & Coping · doi:10.1080/10615806.2015.1085513 · Cited by 34
“In fact, in a clinical sample of patients with a history of alcohol or drug (AOD) use,mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP, Bowen et al., 2009) was superior to treatment as usual (TAU) and individuals with lower distress tolerance who received MBRP exhibited a greater reduction in AOD use…”
BackgroundGarcía-Gómez, M., Guerra, J., López-Ramos, V. M., & Mestre, J. M. (2019) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph16234687 · Cited by 33
“Regarding experiential avoidance, some authors have suggested that it is important to understand models of psychopathology by assessing the role of experiential avoidance as a mediator and/or moderator [31,32].”
BackgroundKhoury, B., Dionne, F., & Grégoire, S. (2018) · Annales Médico-psychologiques revue psychiatrique · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2018.04.010 · Cited by 33
Brown, D. R., Jackson, T. C. J., Claus, E. D., Votaw, V. R., Stein, E., Robinson, C. S. H., Wilson, A. D., Brandt, E., Fratzke, V., Clark, V. P., et al. (2019) · Alcohol and Alcoholism · doi:10.1093/alcalc/agz096 · Cited by 33
Self-citationCavicchioli, M., Ramella, P., Vassena, G., Simone, G., Prudenziati, F., Sirtori, F., Movalli, M., & Maffei, C. (2020) · The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse · doi:10.1080/00952990.2020.1712411 · Cited by 32
Fanning, J. T., Brooks, A. K., Ip, E. H., Nicklas, B. J., Rejeski, W. J., Nesbit, B. A., & Ford, S. A. (2020) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2020.598456 · Cited by 35
Mindfulness in psychiatry - Where are we now?
Groves, P. (2016) · BJPsych Bulletin · doi:10.1192/pb.bp.115.052993 · Cited by 32
Moss, A. C., Erskine, J. A. K., Albery, I. P., Allen, J. R., & Georgiou, G. J. (2015) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.01.029 · Cited by 32
Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H. M., Anderson, S. T., & Stuart, G. L. (2013) · Journal of Substance Use · doi:10.3109/14659891.2013.770570 · Cited by 32
“Recently research has begun to examine mindfulness as a component of substance abuse treatment (Bowen et al., 2009); however, there is limited research on the mindfulness deficits of individuals who seek substance abuse treatment (Dakwar et al., 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialMindfulness Meditation as an Adjunct Approach to Treatment Within the Correctional System
Dafoe, T., & STERMAC, L. E. (2013) · Journal of Offender Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/10509674.2012.752774 · Cited by 32
“Fourth, MBRP specifically has demonstrated feasibility for working with incarcerated individuals struggling with substance abuse both in North America (Bowen et al., 2009) and Taiwan (Lee et al.”
BackgroundInfluentialMurphy, A. (2016) · Contemporary Buddhism · doi:10.1080/14639947.2016.1228324 · Cited by 38
“…Kearney et al. 2012; Polusny et al. 2015), • social anxiety disorder (SAD; Goldin and Gross 2010; Goldin, Ramel, and Gross 2009), • borderline personality disorder (BPD; Linehan 1993a, 1993b), and • addictions (Bowen et al. 2009, 2011; Brewer, Elwafi, and Davis 2012; Witkiewitz and Bowen 2010).”
BackgroundZgierska, A. E., Burzinski, C. A., Mundt, M. P., McClintock, A. S., Cox, J., Coe, C. L., Miller, M. M., & Fleming, M. F. (2019) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2019.01.013 · Cited by 32
Sancho, M., de Gracia, M., Granero, R., González-Simarro, S., Sánchez, I., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Trujols, J., Mallorquí‐Bagué, N., Mestre‐Bach, G., del Pino‐Gutiérrez, A., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00625 · Cited by 32
Behavioral therapy across the spectrum.
Witkiewitz, K. A., & Marlatt, A. G. (2011) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 32
Self-citationAmaro, H. D. L. A., & Black, D. S. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2017.09.004 · Cited by 32
“A small yet growing body of literature has found that MBRP can reduce alcohol and illicit drug use and craving and increase acceptance and awareness of thoughts and feelings in some populations [46-48].”
BackgroundNeural Mechanisms Underlying Craving and the Regulation of Craving
Hedy Kober, A., & Mell, M. M. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118472415.ch9 · Cited by 33
“In addition, as in CBT, treatment efficacy in MBTs is linked to reduction in craving (Bowen et al., 2009; Bowen & Marlatt, 2009; Witkiewitz & Bowen, 2010; Witkiewitz et al., 2013).”
MethodAn examination of concurrent and incremental validity of four mindfulness scales
Andrei, F., Vesely, A., & Siegling, A. B. (2016) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-016-9546-x · Cited by 29
Shorey, R. C., Elmquist, J., Gawrysiak, M. J., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0525-9 · Cited by 30
“Moreover, mindfulnessbased relapse prevention (MBRP; Bowen et al. 2009), an 8-week outpatient group therapy for SUDs, has been shown to reduce substance use 12 months posttreatment to a greater degree than traditional relapse prevention (Marlatt and Gordon 1985) and a 12-step-based intervention (Bowen et al.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialMindfulness-Based Stress Reduction for Our Time: A Curriculum that is up to the Task
Crane, R., Callen-Davies, R., Francis, A., Francis, D., Gibbs, P., Mulligan, B., O'Neill, B., Williams, N. K. P., Waupoose, M., & Vallejo, Z. (2023) · Global Advances in Integrative Medicine and Health · doi:10.1177/27536130231162604 · Cited by 28
“Multiple mindfulness-based programs (MBPs), with their own strong evidence bases, have been developed with tailored learning aims for particular populations and contexts.(9-12)”
BackgroundTreating chronic pain: the need for non-opioid options
Garland, E. L. (2014) · Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1586/17512433.2014.928587 · Cited by 30
“Mindfulness training, that is, the practice of cultivating a state of metacognitive awareness of present moment thoughts, emotions, sensations and perceptions, has been shown to result in reductions in chronic pain symptoms [58], drug craving [59] and attentional and autonomic responses to addictive cues [60].”
BackgroundAcceptability of mindfulness-based interventions for substance use disorder: A systematic review
Bautista, T. G., James, D. L., & Amaro, H. D. L. A. (2019) · Complementary Therapies in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1016/j.ctcp.2019.02.012 · Cited by 31
Chen, C., Zhang, K. Z. K., Gong, X., Lee, M., & Wang, Y. (2021) · Information & Management · doi:10.1016/j.im.2021.103485 · Cited by 38
Ali, B., Green, K. M., Daughters, S. B., & Lejuez, C. W. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.04.016 · Cited by 30
Zeng, X., Oei, T. P. S., Ye, Y., & Liu, X. (2015) · Journal of Religion and Health · doi:10.1007/s10943-013-9796-9 · Cited by 29
“…and do not aim for transcendence or ultimate peace as Buddhism does (Chiesa and Malinowski 2011), few MBTs discuss peacefulness when faced with positive emotions or life events, except for abnormal ones such as addition (e.g., mindfulness-based relapse prevention, MBRP; see Bowen et al. 2009).”
BackgroundCrescentini, C., Matiz, A., & Fabbro, F. (2015) · Journal of Addictive Diseases · doi:10.1080/10550887.2014.991657 · Cited by 36
Daubenmier, J. J., Lustig, R. H., Hecht, F. M., Kristeller, J. L., Woolley, J. D., Adam, T. C., Dallman, M. F., & Epel, E. S. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.11.014 · Cited by 29
“On the other hand, mindfulness training has shown promise for treating substance use and binge eating disorders and may be particularly apt to improve self-regulation and eating in response to cravings and negative emotions (Bowen et al., 2009; Kristeller & Hallett, 1999b; Kristeller & Wolever, 2011).”
Relationships Among Premenstrual Symptom Reports, Menstrual Attitudes, and Mindfulness
Lustyk, M. K. B., Gerrish, W. G., Carroll, H. A., Bowen, S. W., & Marlatt, G. A. (2011) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-011-0041-x · Cited by 34
“2002), mindfulness-based eating and awareness training helps those who suffer with compulsive overeating (Kristeller and Hallett 1999), and mindfulness-based relapse prevention (Bowen et al. 2009) reduces craving and use in substance abusers.”
InfluentialSelf-citationChristopher, M. S., Ramsey, M. M., & Antick, J. (2013) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2012.737873 · Cited by 29
Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H. M., Anderson, S. T., & Stuart, G. L. (2014) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-013-0268-9 · Cited by 29
“…and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT; Segal et al. 2002), and relapse prevention (Marlatt and Gordon 1985), and the only clinical trial to date has demonstrated that MBRP participants report less substance use at 4 months post-intervention relative to non-MBRP patients (Bowen et al. 2009).”
InfluentialDrinking motives mediate the relationship between facets of mindfulness and problematic alcohol use
Vinci, C., Spears, C. A., Peltier, M. R., & Copeland, A. L. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0515-y · Cited by 28
“Mindfulness-based treatments for substance use are very promising (Bowen et al. 2009, 2011, 2014; Brewer et al. 2009, 2011; Chiesa and Serretti 2014; Davis et al. 2014; Garland et al. 2014; Grant et al. 2015; Himelstein et al. 2015; Vidrine et al. under review; Witkiewitz et al. 2014).”
Wupperman, P., Cohen, M. G., Haller, D. L., Flom, P. L., Litt, L. C., & Rounsaville, B. J. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22213 · Cited by 29
“The survey (Bowen et al., 2009; Wupperman et al., 2012) included three quantitative questions (On a scale of 1–10, how confident are you that you’ll continue to practice the informal mindfulness skills?) and several open-ended questions (What did you find most helpful about the treatment?).”
BackgroundMethodA Review of Mindfulness Improves Decision Making and Future Prospects
Liu, S., Liu, Y., & Ni, Y. (2018) · Psychology · doi:10.4236/psych.2018.92015 · Cited by 35
“In contrast, individuals with low levels of mindfulness may take adverse decisionmaking behaviors such as gambling and drug abuse (Bowen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundWitkiewitz, K. A. (2016) · Alcohol research · doi:10.35946/arcr.v38.1.07 · Cited by 28
“…practices on alcohol use and AUD recovery, demonstrating that engaging in prayer may help reduce hazardous alcohol use (Lambert et al. 2010) and that engaging in mindfulness meditation practices reduces risk for relapse following treatment for AUD (Bowen et al. 2009, 2014; Witkiewitz et al. 2014).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationYaghubi, M., Zargar, F., & Akbari, H. (2017) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 28
Lee, M. Y., Zaharlick, A., & Akers, D. (2015) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260515591277 · Cited by 30
“Marlatt and his colleagues have developed a mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) approach in treating substance use problems with positive outcomes (Bowen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundRussell, B. S., Hutchison, M., & Fusco, A. (2019) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Substance Abuse · doi:10.1080/1067828x.2018.1561577 · Cited by 26
“…identify, accept, and respond to the bodily sensations, thoughts, and emotions associated with their substance use in a considered rather than impulsive way; further impacts on depression symptoms are also noted (Amaro et al., 2014; Bowen et al., 2009; Bowen et al., 2014; Witkiewitz & Bowen, 2010).”
BackgroundResultItem Response Theory Analysis of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Its Short Forms
Pelham III, W. E., Gonzalez, O., Metcalf, S. A., Whicker, C. L., Scherer, E. A., Witkiewitz, K., Marsch, L. A., & Mackinnon, D. P. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01105-x · Cited by 25
“The first sample (Bowen et al., 2009) comprised 168 adults who were randomized to mindfulness-based relapse prevention or treatment as usual with the following characteristics: mean age of 41 years old (SD = 10), 64% male, 54% non-Hispanic white, 30% African American, 15% Native American, 5% Hispanic or Latino/a, 41%…”
BackgroundSelf-citationTarantino, N., Lamis, D. A., Ballard, E. D., Masuda, A., & Dvorak, R. D. (2014) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/cou0000013 · Cited by 30
“Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (Witkiewitz, Bowen, Douglas, & Hsu, 2013) has been developed for individuals with substance use disorders and, in a randomized controlled trial of individuals with drug and alcohol use disorders, was associated with reduced substance use, reduced drug cravings, increased acceptance…”
Luberto, C. M., McLeish, A. C., Robertson, S. A., Avallone, K. M., Kraemer, K. M., & Jeffries, E. R. (2014) · The American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12096.x · Cited by 25
Mindfulness-Based Interventions for Weight Loss and CVD Risk Management
Fulwiler, C., Brewer, J. A., Sinnott, S. M., & Loucks, E. B. (2015) · Current Cardiovascular Risk Reports · doi:10.1007/s12170-015-0474-1 · Cited by 29
The role of negative urgency impulsivity and financial management practices in compulsive buying
Alemis, M. C., & Yap, K. (2013) · Australian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/ajpy.12025 · Cited by 25
Russell, K. C., Gillis, H. L. “., & Heppner, W. L. (2015) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-015-0441-4 · Cited by 31
“…interventions (MBIs), including meditation interventions like those reported by Bowen et al. (2006), and relapse prevention programs (Bowen et al. 2009) are receiving considerable attention in the literature as an effective treatment alternative, especially for clients struggling…”
BackgroundInfluentialUsing mindfulness in a harm reduction approach to substance abuse treatment: A literature review.
Bayles, C. (2014) · International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy · doi:10.1037/h0100995 · Cited by 25
“By using mindfulness to increase awareness of regulation and tolerance of potential events that cause relapse, the substance user may improve the ability to cope with relapse triggers by interrupting the previous cycle of automatic substance use behaviors (Bowen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialThe Emerging Role of Mindfulness Research in the Workplace and its Challenges
Vich, M. (2015) · Central European Business Review · doi:10.18267/j.cebr.131 · Cited by 27
Brett, E. I., Leffingwell, T. R., & Leavens, E. L. S. (2017) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.04.011 · Cited by 25
von Hammerstein, C., Khazaal, Y., Dupuis, M., Aubin, H.-J., Benyamina, A., Luquiens, A., & Romo, L. (2019) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026839 · Cited by 24
Shorey, R. C., Brasfield, H., Anderson, S., & Stuart, G. L. (2014) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.3109/10826084.2014.850310 · Cited by 24
“Indeed, it is believed that mindfulness-based interventions may help to reduce risk for relapse (Bowen et al., 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialFahmy, R., Wasfi, M., Mamdouh, R., Moussa, K., Wahba, A., Schmitgen, M. M., Kubera, K. M., Wolf, N. D., Sambataro, F., & Wolf, R. C. (2019) · European Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.03.002 · Cited by 26
Fanning, J. T., Brooks, A. K., Hsieh, K. L., Kershner, K., Furlipa, J., Nicklas, B. J., & Rejeski, W. J. (2021) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-021-10003-3 · Cited by 27
“During each weekly session, participants engaged in a brief mindfulness strategy adapted from mindfulness-based relapse prevention [14] designed to support behavior change in the face of pain and other challenging moments.”
BackgroundInfluentialPsychedelics and mindfulness: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Radakovic, C., Radaković, R., Peryer, G., & Geere, J. (2022) · Journal of Psychedelic Studies · doi:10.1556/2054.2022.00218 · Cited by 31
Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S. T., & Stuart, G. L. (2014) · Journal of Interpersonal Violence · doi:10.1177/0886260514548586 · Cited by 31
“In addition, Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP; Bowen et al., 2009), an 8-week outpatient group therapy for substance use, has been shown to reduce cravings and relapse to substance use to a greater degree than a 12-step, process-oriented outpatient program 4-months post-treatment.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialShame and the X-rated Addiction: The Role of Spirituality in Treating Male Pornography Addiction
Chisholm, M., & Gall, T. L. (2015) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity The Journal of Treatment and Prevention · doi:10.1080/10720162.2015.1066279 · Cited by 24
“Bowen et al. (2009) used a randomized control trial of 168 adult participants with SUD who had already completed intensive treatment.”
MethodChakroun, N., Corman, M., Spada, M. M., Caselli, G., & Gierski, F. (2017) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2017.06.051 · Cited by 24
Hsiao, Y.-Y., Tofighi, D., Kruger, E. S., Lee Van Horn, M., MacKinnon, D. P., & Witkiewitz, K. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1023-z · Cited by 23
Self-citationChapter 23. Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy
Carroll, K. M., & Kiluk, B. D. (2021) · American Psychiatric Association Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9781615373970.kb23 · Cited by 23
Bos, E. H., Merea, R., van den Brink, E., Sanderman, R., & Bartels‐Velthuis, A. A. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22008 · Cited by 23
“…& Rosenberg, 2010), hypochondriasis (Lovas & Barsky, 2010; Williams, McManus, Muse, & Williams, 2011; McManus, Surawy, Muse, Vazquez-Montes, & Williams, 2012), and substance use disorder (Zgierska et al., 2009; Bowen et al., 2009), although in these contexts the evidence is still rather weak.”
Gannon, M. A., MacKenzie, M. J., Hand, D. J., Short, V. L., & Abatemarco, D. J. (2019) · Maternal and Child Health Journal · doi:10.1007/s10995-018-02715-y · Cited by 23
Elmquist, J., Shorey, R. C., Anderson, S. E., & Stuart, G. L. (2015) · Addiction Research & Theory · doi:10.3109/16066359.2015.1025063 · Cited by 23
Edwards, K. A., Vowles, K. E., & Witkiewitz, K. A. (2017) · Current Addiction Reports · doi:10.1007/s40429-017-0147-x · Cited by 23
“Studies using MBRP have found decreases through a 12 month follow-up in in substance usein polysubstance users that sustain up to 12 months after treatment completion (Bowen et al., 2009, 2017; Witkiewitz et al., 2014).”
MethodSelf-citationSerowik, K. L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2019) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2019.1618329 · Cited by 22
“For example, the internal consistency of the AAQ, measured by Cronbach’s alpha, is sometimes found to be lower than .70 (Bowen et al., 2009; Hayes et al., 2004; Marx & Sloan, 2005; Zvolensky & Forsyth, 2002) and as low as .40 in samples of individuals who use substances (Luoma, Drake, Kohlenberg, &…”
MethodWolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Glasner, S. V., Tanner, A. S., Ghahremani, D. G., & London, E. D. (2022) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2022.104032 · Cited by 22
Pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia with comorbid substance use disorder
Azorin, J., Simon, N., Adida, M., & Belzeaux-R, R. (2015) · Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1517/14656566.2016.1114101 · Cited by 22
von Hammerstein, C., Miranda, R., Aubin, H., Romo, L., Khazaal, Y., Benyamina, A., & Luquiens, A. (2018) · Journal of Addiction Medicine · doi:10.1097/adm.0000000000000433 · Cited by 22
Metadata
- Authors
- Bowen, S., Chawla, N., Collins, S. E., Witkiewitz, K., Hsu, S., Grow, J., Clifasefi, S., Garner, M., Douglass, A., Larimer, M. E., & Marlatt, A.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Washington Tacoma (US)
- Corresponding author
- Bowen, Sarah
- Venue
- Substance Abuse
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 295-305
- ISSN
- 0889-7077 (ISSN-L)
- 1547-0164
- PMC
- PMC3280682
- OpenAlex
- W2091260500
- Cited by
- 715
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 15 · 2025: 24 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 38 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 56 · 2020: 76 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 43 · 2017: 47 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 62 · 2014: 76 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 35
- FWCI
- 16.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Substance Abuse (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- University of Washington Tacoma Digital Commons (University of Washington Tacoma) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Drug Abuse (R21DA010562, R21DA019562)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- mindfulness-based relapse prevention, substance use disorders, follow-up care, relapse prevention, craving, acceptance, acting with awareness, usual care, outpatient care, feasibility
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Attention, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Patient Compliance, Patient Dropouts, Pilot Projects, Psychotherapy, Behavior, Addictive, Treatment Outcome, Patient Satisfaction, Meditation, Substance-Related Disorders, Secondary Prevention
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