The doxastic shear pin: Delusions as errors of learning and memory
Open accessAbstract
We reconsider delusions in terms of a "doxastic shear pin", a mechanism that errs so as to prevent the destruction of the machine (brain) and permit continued function (in an attenuated capacity). Delusions may disable flexible (but energetically expensive) inference. With each recall, delusions may be reinforced further and rendered resistant to contradiction. We aim to respond to deficit accounts of delusions - that delusions are only a problem without any benefit - by considering delusion formation and maintenance in terms of predictive coding. We posit that brains conform to a simple computational principle: to minimize prediction error (the mismatch between prior top-down expectation and current bottom-up input) across hierarchies of brain regions and psychological representation. Recent data suggest that delusions may form in the absence of constraining top-down expectations. Then, once formed, they become new priors that motivate other beliefs, perceptions, and actions by providing strong (sometimes overriding) top-down expectation. We argue that delusions form when the shear-pin breaks, permitting continued engagement with an overwhelming world, and ongoing function in the face of paralyzing difficulty. This crucial role should not be ignored when we treat delusions: we need to consider how a person will function in the world without them..
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Perceptible social cues may be more uncertain than nonsocial ones, because they may or may not serve as reliable signals of others' intentions, which we can never fully know.
“Perceptible social cues may be more uncertain than nonsocial ones, because they may or may not serve as reliable signals of others’ intentions, which we can never fully know (111).”
From The Predictive Coding Account of Psychosis (2018) · cites this paper as [111]
Section VI, “Why this particular belief?” (page unavailable), says that forming beliefs about others involves predicting their actions and that social inference is difficult and computationally intensive. It does not say that perceptible social cues are more uncertain than nonsocial cues, or explain their uncertainty in terms of intentions that can never be fully known. (LLM, conf=0.78)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction
Sutton, R. S., & Barto, A. (2005) · IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks · doi:10.1109/tnn.2004.842673 · Cited by 25,263 · see citing works
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
Tversky, A., & Kahneman, D. (1975) · Utility, Probability, and Human Decision Making · doi:10.1007/978-94-010-1834-0_8 · Cited by 22,650 · see citing works
(1969) · Cited by 18,340 · see citing works
Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases
(1982) · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511809477 · Cited by 8,240 · see citing works
Rescorla, R. A. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 7,268 · see citing works
Confirmation Bias: A Ubiquitous Phenomenon in Many Guises
Nickerson, R. S. (1998) · Review of General Psychology · doi:10.1037/1089-2680.2.2.175 · Cited by 7,267 · see citing works
Judgment Under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases.
Shafer, G. R., Kahnerman, D., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288362 · Cited by 5,658 · see citing works
Judgment under uncertainty: List of contributors
Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cited by 4,630 · see citing works
Judgment under uncertainty: Causality and attribution
Kahneman, D. J., Slovic, P., & Tversky, A. (1982) · Cited by 4,630 · see citing works
Lord, C. G., Ross, L., & Lepper, M. R. (1979) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.37.11.2098 · Cited by 4,583 · see citing works
A theory of cortical responses.
Friston, K. (2005) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2005.1622 · Cited by 4,578 · see citing works
Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.
Black, A. H., & Prokasy, W. F. (1972) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · Cited by 4,449 · see citing works
Pearce, J. M., & Hall, G. (1980) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.87.6.532 · Cited by 3,023 · see citing works
Kapur, S. (2003) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.13 · Cited by 2,813 · see citing works
Daw, N. D., Niv, Y., & Dayan, P. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1560 · Cited by 2,533 · see citing works
Journal of Individual Psychology
Meredith, C. W., & Evans, T. D. (1989) · Cited by 2,383 · see citing works
Dissociable Roles of Ventral and Dorsal Striatum in Instrumental Conditioning
O'Doherty, J., Dayan, P., Schultz, J., Deichmann, R., Friston, K., & Dolan, R. J. (2004) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1094285 · Cited by 2,088 · see citing works
Punishment and aversive behavior
Campbell, B. A., & Church, R. M. (1969) · Appleton-Century-Crofts eBooks · Cited by 2,000 · see citing works
The free-energy principle: a rough guide to the brain?
Friston, K. (2009) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2009.04.005 · Cited by 1,831 · see citing works
Two-process learning theory: Relationships between Pavlovian conditioning and instrumental learning.
Rescorla, R. A., & Solomon, R. L. (1967) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0024475 · Cited by 1,487 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Normally, stimuli with learned Pavlovian incentive value invigorate instrumental responding (Rescorla & Solomon, 1967).”
Perceiving is believing: a Bayesian approach to explaining the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
Fletcher, P. C., & Frith, C. D. (2009) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2536 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
Predictability, surprise, attention, and conditioning
Kamin, L. J. (1967) · NASA Technical Reports Server (NASA) · Cited by 1,459 · see citing works
Cognition does not affect perception: Evaluating the evidence for “top-down” effects
Firestone, C., & Scholl, B. J. (2016) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x15000965 · Cited by 1,200 · see citing works
Disorders of attention and perception in early schizophrenia
McGhie, A., & Chapman, J. (1961) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1961.tb00936.x · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Value and need as organizing factors in perception.
Bruner, J. S., & Goodman, C. C. (1947) · Journal of Abnormal & Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0058484 · Cited by 1,138 · see citing works
Associative learning of social value
Behrens, T. E. J., Hunt, L. T., Woolrich, M. W., & Rushworth, M. F. S. (2008) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature07538 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Reward, Motivation, and Reinforcement Learning
Dayan, P., & Balleine, B. W. (2002) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(02)00963-7 · Cited by 855 · see citing works
The Computational Anatomy of Psychosis
Adams, R. A., Stephan, K. E., Brown, H. R., Frith, C. D., & Friston, K. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00047 · Cited by 850 · see citing works
The propositional nature of human associative learning
Mitchell, C. J., Houwer, J. D., & Lovibond, P. F. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09000855 · Cited by 749 · see citing works
Genetic triple dissociation reveals multiple roles for dopamine in reinforcement learning
Frank, M. J., Moustafa, A. A., Haughey, H. M., Curran, T., & Hutchison, K. E. (2007) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0706111104 · Cited by 669 · see citing works
A new look at the new look: Perceptual defense and vigilance.
Erdelyi, M. H. (1974) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/h0035852 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
Observational fear learning involves affective pain system and Cav1.2 Ca2+ channels in ACC
Jeon, D., Kim, S., Chetana, M., Jo, D., Ruley, H. E., Lin, S.-Y., Rabah, D., Kinet, J.-P., & Shin, H.-S. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2504 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Active Inference, homeostatic regulation and adaptive behavioural control
Pezzulo, G., Rigoli, F., & Friston, K. (2015) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2015.09.001 · Cited by 650 · cited 1× · see citing works
“This depends on bootstrapping from simpler habitual reflexes lower down (Pezzulo, Rigoli, & Friston, 2015), and as mentioned earlier, depends on precision of expectations (Daw et al., 2005) – control is ceded to the most precise level (Pezzulo et al., 2015).”
Begg, I. M., Anas, A., & Farinacci, S. (1992) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.121.4.446 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Nyhan, B. J., & Reifler, J. (2014) · Vaccine · doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.11.017 · Cited by 624 · see citing works
The evolution of overconfidence
JOHNSON, D. D. P., & Fowler, J. H. (2011) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature10384 · Cited by 609 · see citing works
Stress prompts habit behavior in humans
Schwabe, L., & Wolf, O. T. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0979-09.2009 · Cited by 606 · see citing works
The Rupture and Repair of Cooperation in Borderline Personality Disorder
King‐Casas, B., Sharp, C., Lomax-Bream, L., Lohrenz, T. M., Fonagy, P., & Montague, P. R. (2008) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1156902 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
Reasoning in Deluded Schizophrenic and Paranoid Patients
Garety, P. A., HEMSLEY, D. R., & Wessely, S. C. (1991) · The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease · doi:10.1097/00005053-199104000-00003 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
Knowledge Without Awareness: An Autonomic Index of Facial Recognition by Prosopagnosics
Tranel, D., & Damásio, A. R. (1985) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.4012303 · Cited by 592 · see citing works
The default-mode, ego-functions and free-energy: a neurobiological account of Freudian ideas
Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Friston, K. J. (2010) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awq010 · Cited by 574 · see citing works
The self, attributional processes and abnormal beliefs: Towards a model of persecutory delusions
Bentall, R. P., Kinderman, P., & Kaney, S. (1994) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(94)90131-7 · Cited by 534 · see citing works
Substantia nigra/ventral tegmental reward prediction error disruption in psychosis
Murray, G. K., Corlett, P. R., Clark, L., Pessiglione, M., Blackwell, A. D., Honey, G., Jones, P. B., Bullmore, E. T., Robbins, T. W., & Fletcher, P. C. (2008) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/sj.mp.4002058 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Reward Processing in Schizophrenia: A Deficit in the Representation of Value
Gold, J. M., Waltz, J. A., Prentice, K. J., Morris, S. E., & Heerey, E. A. (2008) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbn068 · Cited by 521 · see citing works
Delusional thinking and perceptual disorder.
Maher, B. A. (1974) · PubMed · Cited by 515 · see citing works
McKay, R. T., & Dennett, D. C. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09990975 · Cited by 474 · see citing works
Disrupted prediction-error signal in psychosis: Evidence for an associative account of delusions
Corlett, P. R., Murray, G. K., Honey, G. D., Aitken, M. R. F., Shanks, D. R., Robbins, T. W., Bullmore, E. T., Dickinson, A., & Fletcher, P. C. (2007) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awm173 · Cited by 460 · see citing works
Self-citationNegative Symptoms of Schizophrenia Are Associated with Abnormal Effort-Cost Computations
Gold, J. M., Strauss, G. P., Waltz, J. A., Robinson, B. M., Brown, J. K., & Frank, M. J. (2013) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.12.022 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Within Compound Associations Mediate the Retrospective Revaluation of Causality Judgements
Dickinson, A., & Burke, J. (1996) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/713932614 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Memory reconsolidation mediates the strengthening of memories by additional learning
Lee, J. L. C. (2008) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2205 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Toward a neurobiology of delusions
Corlett, P. R., Taylor, J. R., Wang, X.-J., Fletcher, P. C., & Krystal, J. H. (2010) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.06.007 · Cited by 394 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Hazards of Correcting Myths About Health Care Reform
Nyhan, B. J., Reifler, J., & Ubel, P. A. (2012) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0b013e318279486b · Cited by 392 · see citing works
From drugs to deprivation: A Bayesian framework for understanding models of psychosis
Corlett, P. R., Frith, C. D., & Fletcher, P. C. (2009) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-009-1561-0 · Cited by 367 · see citing works
The paradoxes of delusion: Wittgenstein, Schreber, and the schizophrenic mind
(1994) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.31-5733 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
(1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-3618-5 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Negative Symptoms and the Failure to Represent the Expected Reward Value of Actions
Gold, J. M. (2012) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1269 · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Teufel, C., Subramaniam, N., Dobler, V., Perez, J., Finnemann, J., Mehta, P. R., Goodyer, I. M., & Fletcher, P. C. (2015) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1503916112 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Schizotypy, creativity and mating success in humans
Nettle, D., & Clegg, H. (2005) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2005.3349 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
The Relationship Between Delusions and Violence
Coid, J. W., Ullrich, S., Kallis, C., Keers, R., Barker, D., Cowden, F., & Stamps, R. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.12 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Computational approaches to psychiatry
Stephan, K. E., & Mathys, C. (2014) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.conb.2013.12.007 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
Proceedings of the 20th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society
Majid, A., Pickering, M. J., & Stewart, A. J. (1998) · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Partisan Bias and the Bayesian Ideal in the Study of Public Opinion
Bullock, J. G. (2009) · The Journal of Politics · doi:10.1017/s0022381609090914 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
From prediction error to psychosis: Ketamine as a pharmacological model of delusions
Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., & Fletcher, P. C. (2007) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881107077716 · Cited by 227 · see citing works
Self-citationInstructional control of reinforcement learning: A behavioral and neurocomputational investigation
Doll, B. B., Jacobs, W. J., Sanfey, A. G., & Frank, M. J. (2009) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2009.07.007 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
“Sleights of mind”: Delusions, defences, and self-deception
McKay, R., Langdon, R. A., & Coltheart, M. (2005) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800444000074 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Corticostriatal Control of Goal-Directed Action Is Impaired in Schizophrenia
Morris, R. W., Quail, S., Griffiths, K. R., Green, M. J., & Balleine, B. W. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.005 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Hallucinations and perceptual inference
Friston, K. J. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x05290131 · Cited by 196 · cited 4× · see citing works
“PE minimisation occurs at all levels from the single neuron (Fiorillo, 2008) up through the hierarchical neuroanatomy (Friston, 2005b, 2009).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-deception, other-deception, and self-reported psychopathology.
Sackeïm, H. A., & Gur, R. C. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.47.1.213 · Cited by 195 · see citing works
Dima, D., Roiser, J. P., Dietrich, D. E., Bonnemann, C., Lanfermann, H., Emrich, H. M., & Dillo, W. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.033 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Klaus Conrad (1905-1961): Delusional Mood, Psychosis, and Beginning Schizophrenia
Mishara, A. L. (2009) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbp144 · Cited by 192 · see citing works
Dawson, M. E., & Furedy, J. J. (1976) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1976.tb03336.x · Cited by 188 · see citing works
The Americans: The Colonial Experience
Smith, P., & Boorstin, D. J. (1959) · The New England Quarterly · doi:10.2307/362559 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., Aitken, M. R. F., Dickinson, A., Shanks, D. R., Absalom, A. R., Lee, M., Pomarol-Clotet, E., Murray, G. K., McKenna, P. J., et al. (2006) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.63.6.611 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Defensive Function of Persecutory Delusions
Lyon, H. M., Kaney, S., & Bentall, R. P. (1994) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.164.5.637 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Self-discrepancies and persecutory delusions: Evidence for a model of paranoid ideation.
Kinderman, P., & Bentall, R. P. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.105.1.106 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Abductive inference and delusional belief.
Coltheart, M., Menzies, P., & Sutton, J. (2010) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800903439120 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Schizophrenia and Monothematic Delusions
Coltheart, M., Langdon, R. A., & McKay, R. (2007) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbm017 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Self-deception, other-deception, and self-reported psychopathology.
Sackeïm, H. A., & Gur, R. C. (1979) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.47.1.213 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Phantom perception: voluntary and involuntary nonretinal vision
Pearson, J., & Westbrook, F. (2015) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2015.03.004 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Cognitive neuropsychiatry: towards a scientific psychopathology
Halligan, P. W., & David, A. S. (2001) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/35058586 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Representation, inference, and transcendent encoding in neurocognitive networks of the human brain
Mesulam, M. M. (2008) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.21534 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
The imbalanced brain: from normal behavior to schizophrenia
Grossberg, S. (2000) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(00)00903-3 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Corlett, P. R. (2009) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.09.012.2009 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Self-citationPrediction Error during Retrospective Revaluation of Causal Associations in Humans
Corlett, P. R., Aitken, M. R. F., Dickinson, A., Shanks, D. R., Honey, G. D., Honey, R. A. E., Robbins, T. W., Bullmore, E. T., & Fletcher, P. C. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.022 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Self-citationBidirectional modulation of goal-directed actions by prefrontal cortical dopamine
Hitchcott, P. K., Quinn, J. J., & Taylor, J. R. (2007) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhm010 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
Lovibond, P. F. (2003) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Learning Memory and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.29.1.97 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Delusional Belief Systems and Meaning in Life: A Preferred Reality?
Roberts, G. A. (1991) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/s0007125000296438 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
The epistemic innocence of motivated delusions
Bortolotti, L. (2015) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2014.10.005 · Cited by 136 · see citing works
Davies, M., & Coltheart, M. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Not-so-social learning strategies
Heyes, C. M., & Pearce, J. M. (2015) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.2014.1709 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Cognitive Processes in Extinction: Figure 1
Lovibond, P. F. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.79604 · Cited by 122 · cited 1× · see citing works
“However, GSR changes in just one trial with reassuring instructions (e.g., “That cue is now safe”); what was learned over multiple trials is immediately extinguished (Lovibond, 2003, 2004).”
Mismatch negativity encoding of prediction errors predicts S-ketamine-induced cognitive impairments
Schmidt, A., Bachmann, R., Kometer, M., Csomor, P. A., Stephan, K. E., Seifritz, E., & Vollenweider, F. X. (2012) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2011.261 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Model averaging, optimal inference, and habit formation
FitzGerald, T. H. B., Dolan, R. J., & Friston, K. J. (2014) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00457 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Psychoendocrine Aspects of Acute Schizophrenic Reactions
Sachar, E. J., Mason, J. W., Hs, K., & Artiss, K. L. (1963) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/00006842-196311000-00002 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Confrontation vs. belief modification in persistently deluded patients
Milton, F., Patwa, V. K., & Hafner, R. J. (1978) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1978.tb02456.x · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Synaptic computation underlying probabilistic inference
Soltani, A., & Wang, X. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2450 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Self-deception as self-signalling: a model and experimental evidence
Mijovic-Prelec, D., & Prélec, D. (2010) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0218 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Three Christs of Ypsilanti
Bronner, A. (1965) · American Journal of Psychotherapy · doi:10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1965.19.4.696 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Takahashi, Y. K. (2008) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.01.014.2008 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
A pitfall for the expectancy theory of human eyelid conditioning
Perruchet, P. (1985) · Pavlovian Journal of Biological Science · doi:10.1007/bf03003653 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Attentional bias, persecutory delusions and the self‐concept
Kinderman, P. (1994) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1994.tb01770.x · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The neuropsychology of schizophrenia
Mortimer, A. M. (2005) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1383/psyt.2005.4.10.26 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Instrumental action and causal representation
Dickinson, A., & Shanks, D. R. (1996) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198524021.003.0001 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Computational psychiatry: a Rosetta Stone linking the brain to mental illness
Corlett, P. R., & Fletcher, P. C. (2014) · The Lancet Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s2215-0366(14)70298-6 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationAttention to Irrelevant Cues Is Related to Positive Symptoms in Schizophrenia
Morris, R., Griffiths, O., Le Pelley, M. E., & Weickert, T. W. (2013) · Schizophrenia Bulletin · doi:10.1093/schbul/sbr192 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Ketamine effects on memory reconsolidation favor a learning model of delusions
Corlett, P. R., Cambridge, V., Gardner, J. M., Piggot, J. S., Turner, D. C., Everitt, J. C., Arana, F. S., Morgan, H. L., Milton, A. L., Lee, J. L., et al. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0065088 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Self-citationWishful reality distortions in confabulation: a case report
Fotopoulou, A. (2004) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2003.11.008 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Attention and expectation in human predictive learning: The role of uncertainty
Hogarth, L., Dickinson, A., Austin, A., Brown, C., & Duka, T. (2008) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470210701643439 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Phenomenological and neurocognitive perspectives on delusions: A critical overview
Sass, L. A., & Byrom, G. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20205 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The Effects of Abstinence from Food upon Imaginal Processes: A Further Experiment
Sanford, R. N. (1937) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980.1937.9917485 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Confabulation: Motivated reality monitoring
Fotopoulou, A., Conway, M., & Solms, M. (2007) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2007.03.003 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
The affective neuropsychology of confabulation and delusion
Fotopoulou, A. (2009) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546800903250949 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Schell, A. M., Dawson, M. E., & Marinković, K. (1991) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb00403.x · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Bayesian network models of causal learning
Waldmann, M. R., & Martignon, L. F. (1998) · Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics · Cited by 78 · see citing works
The Psychology of Anomalous Experience: A Cognitive Approach
Reed, G. F. (1972) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 73 · see citing works
D-cycloserine facilitation of cognitive behavioral therapy for delusions in schizophrenia
Gottlieb, J. D., Cather, C., Shanahan, M., Creedon, T., Macklin, E. A., & Goff, D. C. (2011) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2011.05.029 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
McKay, R. (2012) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.2012.01447.x · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Liu, Y., Harding, M., Pittman, N., Doré, J. J. E., Striessnig, J., Rajadhyaksha, A. M., & Chen, X. (2014) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00757.2013 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
The brain structural disposition to social interaction
Lebreton, M. P., Barnes, A., Miettunen, J., Peltonen, L., Ridler, K., Veijola, J. M., Tanskanen, P., John Suckling, A., Järvelin, M., Jones, P. B., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06782.x · Cited by 70 · see citing works
DARPP-32 knockout mice exhibit impaired reversal learning in a discriminated operant task
Heyser, C. J., Fienberg, A. A., Greengard, P., & Gold, L. H. (2000) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0006-8993(00)02272-1 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Stompe, T., Ortwein-Swoboda, G., Ritter, K., & Schanda, H. (2003) · Psychopathology · doi:10.1159/000069658 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Schizophrenic psychology, associative learning and the role of forebrain dopamine
Miller, R. (1976) · Medical Hypotheses · doi:10.1016/0306-9877(76)90040-2 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Models of misbelief: integrating motivational and deficit theories of delusions
McKay, R., Langdon, R., & Coltheart, M. (2007) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2007.01.003 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Balzan, R. P., Delfabbro, P., Galletly, C. A., & Woodward, T. S. (2012) · British Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1111/bjc.12000 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Delusions and prediction error: clarifying the roles of behavioural and brain responses
Corlett, P. R., & Fletcher, P. C. (2015) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2014.990625 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationAre delusions biologically adaptive? Salvaging the doxastic shear pin
Mishara, A. L., & Corlett, P. (2009) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x09991464 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Self-citationVoice recognition and the ontological status of self-deception.
Sackeïm, H. A., & Gur, R. C. (1985) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.48.5.1365 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The three principles of action: a Pavlovian-instrumental transfer hypothesis
Cartoni, E., Puglisi‐Allegra, S., & Baldassarre, G. (2013) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2013.00153 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
The predicting brain: Unconscious repetition, conscious reflection and therapeutic change
Pally, R. (2007) · The International Journal of Psychoanalysis · doi:10.1516/b328-8p54-2870-p703 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Non-Conscious Prediction and a Role for Consciousness in Correcting Prediction Errors
Pally, R. (2005) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70282-x · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Delusions as Forensically Disturbing Perceptual Inferences
Hohwy, J., & Rajan, V. (2011) · Neuroethics · doi:10.1007/s12152-011-9124-6 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Capgras delusion: An interactionist model
Young, G. (2008) · Consciousness and Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.concog.2008.01.006 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Research and the elimination of the stigma of mental illness
Corrigan, P. W. (2012) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103382 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Towards a General Theory of Neural Computation Based on Prediction by Single Neurons
Fiorillo, C. D. (2008) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003298 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Stewart, J. R., Varela, F. J., & Coutinho, A. (1989) · Journal of Autoimmunity · doi:10.1016/0896-8411(89)90113-3 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Three Christs of Ypsilanti
Rokeach, M. (1964) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Motivational control of instrumental performance following a shift from thirst to hunger.
Dickinson, A., & Balleine, B. W. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Self-enhancing Confabulation: Revisiting the Motivational Hypothesis
Fotopoulou, A., Conway, M., Griffiths, P., Birchall, D., & Tyrer, S. P. (2007) · Neurocase · doi:10.1080/13554790601160566 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Dialogue on economic choice, learning theory, and neuronal representations
Padoa‐Schioppa, C., & Schoenbaum, G. M. (2015) · Current Opinion in Behavioral Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.cobeha.2015.06.004 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Disentangling the attentional deficit in schizophrenia: Pointers from schizotypy
Pelley, M. E. L., Schmidt‐Hansen, M., Harris, N. J., Lunter, C. M., & Morris, C. S. (2010) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2009.03.027 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Honsberger, M. J. M., Taylor, J. R., & Corlett, P. R. (2015) · Schizophrenia Research · doi:10.1016/j.schres.2015.02.009 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationMcAndrew, A., Jones, F. W., McLaren, R., et al. (2012) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/a0026718 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Garety, P. A. (1992) · Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/00332747.1992.11024602 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Reduced susceptibility to confirmation bias in schizophrenia
Doll, B. B., Waltz, J. A., Cockburn, J., Brown, J. K., Frank, M. J., & Gold, J. M. (2014) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-014-0250-6 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Psychological theories of delusional thinking: In search of integration
Hingley, S. M. (1992) · British Journal of Medical Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8341.1992.tb01716.x · Cited by 24 · see citing works
The new Harvard guide to psychiatry
Thorsicroft, G. (1989) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(89)90167-8 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Affective Dimensions of the Phenomenon of Double Bookkeeping in Delusions
Bortolotti, L., & Broome, M. R. (2012) · Emotion Review · doi:10.1177/1754073911430115 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Cramer, R. E., Weiss, R. F., William, R. S., Reid, S. L., Nieri, L. J., & Manning-Ryan, B. (2002) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section B · doi:10.1080/02724990143000289 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Civilized madness: schizophrenia, self-consciousness and the modern mind
Sass, L. A. (1994) · History of the Human Sciences · doi:10.1177/095269519400700206 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Fineberg, S. K., Steinfeld, M., Brewer, J. A., & Corlett, P. R. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00111 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationBack to the future: synaesthesia could be due to associative learning
Yon, D., & Press, C. (2014) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00702 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Evaluating the association betweenCACNA1Crs1006737 and schizophrenia risk: A meta-analysis
Jiang, H., Qiao, F., Li, Z., Zhang, Y., Cheng, Y., Xu, X., & Yu, L. (2015) · Asia-Pacific Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/appy.12173 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Delusions, Illusions and Inference under Uncertainty
Hohwy, J. (2013) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/mila.12008 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Elasticity and confabulation in schizophrenic delusions
Simpson, J., & Done, D. J. (2002) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s003329170200538x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Bayesian Model of Panic in Belief
Butts, C. T. (1998) · Computational and Mathematical Organization Theory · doi:10.1023/a:1009638514137 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Answering some phenomenal challenges to the prediction error model of delusions
Corlett, P. R. (2015) · World Psychiatry · doi:10.1002/wps.20211 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citationMoritz, S., Köther, U., Woodward, T. S., Veckenstedt, R., Dechêne, A., & Stahl, C. (2012) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2012.04.004 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Folie à deux homicide and the two-factor model of delusions
Nielssen, O. B., Langdon, R. A., & Large, M. M. B. (2012) · Cognitive Neuropsychiatry · doi:10.1080/13546805.2012.718246 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Gregory, R. (1996) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p250503 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Nonbizarre.Delusions.as.Strategic.Deception
Elton, S., & O’Higgins, P. (2008) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420051377-14 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Nonbizarre Delusions as Strategic Deception
Hagen, E. H. (2008) · Society for the Study of Human Biology/Society for the Study of Human Biology series · doi:10.1201/9781420051377.ch9 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- Capgras J Reboul-Lachaux J 1923 L’illusion des “soises” dans un delire systematise Bulletin de Society Clinique de Medicine Mentale 11 6 16
- Conrad K 1958 Die BeginnendeSchizophrenie Stuttgart G. Thieme
- Corlett PR Taylor JR Wang XJ Fletcher PC Krystal JH 2010b Toward a neurobiology of delusions Prog Neurobiol 92 3 345 369 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.06.007 20558235 PMC3676875 · DOI · Paper page
- Helmholtz H von 1878/1971 The Facts of Perception Kahl R Selected Writings of Herman von Helmholtz Weslyan University Press
- Jaspers K 1963 General Psychopathology Manchester University Press
- Kapur S 2003b Psychosis as a state of aberrant salience: a framework linking biology, phenomenology, and pharmacology in schizophrenia Am J Psychiatry 160 1 13 23 12505794
- Kihlstrom JF Hoyt IP 1988 Hypnosis and the psychology of delusions Oltmanns TF Maher BA Delusional Beliefs New York John Wiley and Sons
- Maher BA 1988a Anomalous experience and delusional thinking: The logic of explanations Oltmanns TF Maher BA Delusional Beliefs 15 33 New York John Wiley and Sons
- Maher BA 1988b Delusions as normal theories New York Wiley
- Neale JM 1988 Defensive Function of Manic Episodes Oltmanns TF Maher B Delusional Beliefs 138 156 New York Wiley
- Tabor JD Galagher EV 1997 Why Waco? University of California Press
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Predictive Coding Account of Psychosis
Sterzer, P., Adams, R. A., Fletcher, P., Frith, C., Lawrie, S. M., Muckli, L., Petrovic, P., Uhlhaas, P., Voss, M., & Corlett, P. R. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.05.015 · Cited by 941 · see citing works
“Psychotic symptoms may be seen as attempts to garner some advantage, perhaps by convincing others of their veracity (111).”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationPrediction error, ketamine and psychosis: An updated model
Corlett, P. R., Honey, G. D., & Fletcher, P. C. (2016) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116650087 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Self-citationThe promises and pitfalls of applying computational models to neurological and psychiatric disorders
Teufel, C., & Fletcher, P. C. (2016) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/aww209 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
A predictive coding account of psychotic symptoms in autism spectrum disorder
van Schalkwyk, G. I., Volkmar, F. R., & Corlett, P. R. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-017-3065-9 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Fineberg, S. K., & Corlett, P. R.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Corlett, P. R.
- Venue
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2016-01-02
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 73-89
- ISSN
- 1354-6805 (ISSN-L)
- 1464-0619
- PMC
- PMC5790119
- OpenAlex
- W2322550575
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 161
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 4
- FWCI
- 31.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Cognitive Neuropsychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- International Mental Health Research Organization (Rising Star Translational Research Award)
- National Center for Research Resources (NCRR and NCATS CTSA grant number UL1 TR000142)
- National Institute of Mental Health (5T32MH019961)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Philosophy › Mental Health and Psychiatry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Keywords
- delusions, predictive coding, prediction error, top-down expectations, delusion maintenance, delusion formation, prior distributions, belief updating
- MeSH terms
- Association Learning, Brain, Capgras Syndrome, Delusions, Humans, Learning, Memory, Motivation, Psychological Theory, Mental Recall, Knowledge
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
