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Circadian rhythmicity of body temperature and metabolism
Open accessAbstract
This article reviews the literature on the circadian rhythms of body temperature and whole-organism metabolism. The two rhythms are first described separately, each description preceded by a review of research methods. Both rhythms are generated endogenously but can be affected by exogenous factors. The relationship between the two rhythms is discussed next. In endothermic animals, modulation of metabolic activity can affect body temperature, but the rhythm of body temperature is not a mere side effect of the rhythm of metabolic thermogenesis associated with general activity. The circadian system modulates metabolic heat production to generate the body temperature rhythm, which challenges homeothermy but does not abolish it. Individual cells do not regulate their own temperature, but the relationship between circadian rhythms and metabolism at the cellular level is also discussed. Metabolism is both an output of and an input to the circadian clock, meaning that circadian rhythmicity and metabolism are intertwined in the cell.
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“Light exposure, and in particular the light-dark cycle, is the primary synchronizer of the circadian clock to the 24-hour day, although sleep, physical activity, meal timing, and temperature can also synchronize daily rhythms [40,41].”
From Human thermal perception and time of day: A review (2021) · cites this paper as [41]
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“and consequently, it can be concluded that in addition to ultradian [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 92 ] and circadian rhythms [ 33 , 92 , 93 ], infradian rhythms is observed in the CBT of women.”
From Physiological Rhythms and Biological Variation of Biomolecules: The Road to Personalized Laboratory Medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [93]
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Coskun, A., Zarepour, A., & Zarrabi, A. (2023) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms24076275 · Cited by 61
Human thermal perception and time of day: A review
Vellei, M., Chinazzo, G., Zitting, K.-M., & Hubbard, J. (2021) · Temperature · doi:10.1080/23328940.2021.1976004 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Refinetti, R.
- Affiliations
- LSU New Orleans (US)
- Corresponding author
- Refinetti, Roberto
- ORCID
- Refinetti, Roberto
- Venue
- Temperature
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2020-04-17
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 321-362
- ISSN
- 2332-8940 (ISSN-L)
- 2332-8959
- PMC
- PMC7678948
- OpenAlex
- W3011074997
- Cited by
- 155
- References
- 683
- Citations by year
- 2026: 27 · 2025: 43 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 5
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Temperature (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Keywords
- circadian rhythm, body temperature, endogenous rhythms, external factors, homeothermy, circadian clock, cellular metabolism, endothermy
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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