Cited by 171Non-Invasive Vital Sign MonitoringCardiovascular Health and Disease PreventionHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

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The effect of contacting force on photoplethysmographic signals

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Teng, X F, Zhang, Y T·2004·Physiological Measurement

DOI 10.1088/0967-3334/25/5/020

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Abstract

Photoplethysmography (PPG) has been used in oxygen saturation measurement, heart rate monitoring, and the assessment of peripheral circulation and large artery compliance. However, the waveform of the photoplethysmographic signal may be affected by the contacting force between the sensor and the measurement site. The aim of this study is to investigate the change in pulse amplitude (AC), DC amplitude, ratio of AC/DC and normalized pulse area of the reflective photoplethysmographic signals with increasing contacting force, from 0.2 N to 1.8 N. Signals were recorded from the fingers of fifteen healthy subjects. With increasing contacting force, the DC amplitude increased and the normalized pulse area decreased, whereas the pulse amplitude and the ratio of AC/DC increased first and then decreased. For different subjects, the pulse amplitude and the ratio of AC/DC peaked at different contacting forces, from 0.2 N to 1.0 N, and most of the subjects achieved their maximum pulse amplitude within 0.2-0.4 N. Over the range of contacting force between 0.2 N and 0.8 N, the DC amplitude and the normalized pulse area had significant changes (p < 0.001). The results suggest that the effects of contacting force should be carefully examined in the design of photoplethysmography-based health care devices.

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Authors: Teng, X. F., & Zhang, Y. T.
Affiliations: Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
ORCID: Teng, X F
Zhang, Y T
Venue: Physiological Measurement
Publisher: IOP Publishing
Published: 2004-08-12
Volume: 25
Issue: 5
Pages: 1323-1335
ISSN: 0967-3334 (ISSN-L)
1361-6579
DOI: 10.1088/0967-3334/25/5/020
OpenAlex: W1965659123
Cited by: 171
References: 32
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 5.94
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Locations: Physiological Measurement (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Innovation and Technology Fund
Topics: Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Disease Prevention
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords: photoplethysmography, contact force, pulse amplitude, finger photoplethysmography
MeSH terms: Adult, Biomechanical Phenomena, Female, Humans, Male, Pressure, Pulse, Reproducibility of Results, Artifacts, Photoplethysmography

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The effect of contacting force on photoplethysmographic signals

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