Self-Reported Sleep Duration is Associated with the Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife Adults
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STUDY OBJECTIVE: Short and long sleep duration have been linked to various risk factors for cardiovascular disease. In the present study, we evaluated the relationship between sleep duration and presence of the metabolic syndrome, which is a cluster of physiologically interrelated risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. DESIGN/SETTING: Cross-sectional community-based cohort study. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand two hundred fourteen participants from the Adult Health and Behavior Project registry (aged 30 to 54 years). MEASUREMENTS: Participants were divided into 4 groups based upon their reported sleep duration. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the American Heart Association/National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's criteria. Logistic regression was used to test the hypothesis that sleep duration is a significant correlate of the metabolic syndrome and its components. RESULTS: The observed metabolic syndrome rate (22%) was similar to that of published health statistics for American adults. After covariate adjustment, the odds for having the metabolic syndrome increased by more than 45% in both short and long sleepers, compared with those sleeping 7 to 8 hours per night. Sleep duration was also associated individually with abdominal obesity, elevated fasting glucose, and hypertriglyceridemia. After further adjustment for use of antihypertensive medication, prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components remained elevated in short sleepers only. CONCLUSION: These data suggest that sleep duration is a significant correlate of the metabolic syndrome. Additional studies are needed to evaluate temporal relationships among these measures, the behavioral and physiologic mechanisms that link the two, and their impact on subsequent cardiometabolic disease.
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Short sleep duration is consistently associated with metabolic syndrome.
“In fact, emerging cross-sectional data have shown that SSD is consistently associated with metabolic syndrome (a constellation of symptoms, including elevated waist circumference, lipids, fasting glucose, and blood pressure).”
From Sleep Duration and Quality: Impact on Lifestyle Behaviors and Cardiometabolic Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2016) · cites this paper as [89]
Sleep debt in the current sample was associated with various metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance and measures of adiposity (P < .05).
“Consistent with previous reports (1,3), sleep debt in the current sample was associated with various metabolic risk factors, including insulin resistance and measures of adiposity (P Ͻ .05).”
From Social jetlag, chronotype, and cardiometabolic risk (2015) · cites this paper as [1]
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- Authors
- Hall, M. H., Muldoon, M. F., Jennings, J. R., Buysse, D. J., Flory, J. D., & Manuck, S. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- Queens College, CUNY (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hall, Martica H.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Sleep
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 635-643
- ISSN
- 0161-8105 (ISSN-L)
- 1550-9109
- PMC
- PMC2398755
- OpenAlex
- W2122931217
- Cited by
- 447
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 16 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 24 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 21 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 30 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 37 · 2013: 43 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 38.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- SLEEP (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL040962, HL 076852, R24HL076852, R01HL065137, HL065137, P01HL040962)
- National Center for Research Resources (RR-024153, UL1RR024153)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Keywords
- sleep duration, metabolic syndrome, short sleep duration, long sleep, abdominal obesity, fasting blood glucose, hypertriglyceridemia, cardiometabolic disease, middle-aged adults, antihypertensive drugs, cardiovascular risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blood Glucose, Cardiovascular Diseases, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity, Pennsylvania, Registries, Sleep Deprivation, Statistics as Topic, Cohort Studies, Metabolic Syndrome, Waist-Hip Ratio
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