The DOI matches its Crossref record.
The Epidemiology and Impact of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Brief Overview
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important public health problem in the United States and worldwide. The estimated 5.3 million Americans living with TBI-related disability face numerous challenges in their efforts to return to a full and productive life. This article presents an overview of the epidemiology and impact of TBI.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cited by
McCrory, P., Meeuwisse, W., Dvorak, J., Aubry, M., Bailes, J., Broglio, S., Cantu, R. C., Cassidy, D., Echemendia, R. J., Castellani, R. J., et al. (2017) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2017-097699 · Cited by 3,568
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy in athletes: Progressive tauopathy after repetitive head injury
McKee, A. C., Cantu, R. C., Nowinski, C. J., Hedley-Whyte, E. T., Gavett, B. E., Budson, A. E., Santini, V. E., Lee, H.-S., Kubilus, C. A., & Stern, R. A. (2009) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3181a9d503 · Cited by 2,295
The impact of traumatic brain injuries: A global perspective
Hyder, A. A., Wunderlich, C. A., Puvanachandra, P., Gururaj, G., & Kobusingye, O. C. (2007) · Neurorehabilitation · doi:10.3233/nre-2007-22502 · Cited by 1,816
Zemek, R., Barrowman, N., Freedman, S. B., Gravel, J., Gagnon, I., McGahern, C., Aglipay, M., Sangha, G., Boutis, K., Beer, D., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.1203 · Cited by 900
Neuroimmunology of Traumatic Brain Injury: Time for a Paradigm Shift
Jassam, Y. N., Izzy, S., Whalen, M., McGavern, D. B., & El Khoury, J. (2017) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2017.07.010 · Cited by 799
Incidence of traumatic brain injury in New Zealand: a population-based study
Feigin, V. L., Theadom, A., Barker-Collo, S., Starkey, N. J., McPherson, K., Kahan, M., Dowell, A., Brown, P., Parag, V., Kydd, R., et al. (2013) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(12)70262-4 · Cited by 729
The epidemiology of sport-related concussion
Daneshvar, D. H., Nowinski, C. J., McKee, A. C., & Cantu, R. C. (2011) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.006 · Cited by 681
Sport-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents
Halstead, M. E., Walter, K. D., & The Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness (2010) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2010-2005 · Cited by 628
Traumatic brain injury and amyloid-β pathology: a link to Alzheimer's disease?
Johnson, V. E., Stewart, W., & Smith, D. H. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2808 · Cited by 587
Loane, D. J., & Faden, A. I. (2010) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2010.09.005 · Cited by 574
Very Early Administration of Progesterone for Acute Traumatic Brain Injury
Wright, D. W., Yeatts, S. D., Silbergleit, R., Palesch, Y. Y., Hertzberg, V. S., Frankel, M., Goldstein, F. C., Caveney, A. F., Howlett-Smith, H., Bengelink, E. M., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1404304 · Cited by 567
The molecular pathophysiology of concussive brain injury
Barkhoudarian, G., Hovda, D. A., & Giza, C. C. (2011) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2010.09.001 · Cited by 492
Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury
Greve, M. W., & Zink, B. J. (2009) · Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine: A Journal of Translational and Personalized Medicine · doi:10.1002/msj.20104 · Cited by 477
Guskiewicz, K. M., Mihalik, J. P., Shankar, V., Marshall, S. W., Crowell, D. H., Oliaro, S. M., Ciocca, M. F., & Hooker, D. N. (2007) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000306103.68635.1a · Cited by 423
Exploring the convergence of posttraumatic stress disorder and mild traumatic brain injury
Stein, M. B., & McAllister, T. W. (2009) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2009.08101604 · Cited by 391
Mental Health Consequences of Traumatic Brain Injury
Howlett, J. R., Nelson, L. D., & Stein, M. B. (2022) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.09.024 · Cited by 389
Montenigro, P. H., Baugh, C. M., Daneshvar, D. H., Mez, J., Budson, A. E., Au, R., Katz, D. I., Cantu, R. C., & Stern, R. A. (2014) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/s13195-014-0068-z · Cited by 375
Prevalence of traumatic brain injury in the general adult population: a meta-analysis
Frost, R. B., Farrer, T. J., Primosch, M., & Hedges, D. W. (2013) · Neuroepidemiology · doi:10.1159/000343275 · Cited by 361
The clinical spectrum of sport-related traumatic brain injury
Jordan, B. D. (2013) · Nature Reviews Neurology · doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2013.33 · Cited by 347
Covassin, T., Moran, R., & Elbin, R. J. (2016) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050-51.3.05 · Cited by 298
Breedlove, E. L., Robinson, M., Talavage, T. M., Morigaki, K. E., Yoruk, U., O'Keefe, K., King, J., Leverenz, L. J., Gilger, J. W., & Nauman, E. A. (2012) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.034 · Cited by 293
Post-traumatic stress disorder vs traumatic brain injury
Bryant, R. (2011) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2011.13.2/rbryant · Cited by 268
Sport-Related Concussion in Children and Adolescents
Halstead, M. E., Walter, K. D., Moffatt, K., COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS, LaBella, C. R., Brooks, M. A., Canty, G., Diamond, A. B., Hennrikus, W., Logan, K., et al. (2018) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2018-3074 · Cited by 247
Which symptom assessments and approaches are uniquely appropriate for paediatric concussion?
Gioia, G. A., Schneider, J. C., Vaughan, C. G., & Isquith, P. K. (2009) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.2009.058255 · Cited by 212
Head-Impact–Measurement Devices: A Systematic Review
O'Connor, K. L., Rowson, S., Duma, S. M., & Broglio, S. P. (2017) · Journal of Athletic Training · doi:10.4085/1062-6050.52.2.05 · Cited by 210
Meta-analysis of facial affect recognition difficulties after traumatic brain injury.
Babbage, D. R., Yim, J., Zupan, B., Neumann, D., Tomita, M. R., & Willer, B. (2011) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/a0021908 · Cited by 198
Namjoshi, D. R., Cheng, W. H., McInnes, K. A., Martens, K. M., Carr, M., Wilkinson, A., Fan, J., Robert, J., Hayat, A., Cripton, P. A., et al. (2014) · Molecular Neurodegeneration · doi:10.1186/1750-1326-9-55 · Cited by 195
Gysland, S. M., Mihalik, J. P., Register-Mihalik, J. K., Trulock, S. C., Shields, E. W., & Guskiewicz, K. M. (2012) · Annals of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1007/s10439-011-0421-3 · Cited by 189
Risdall, J. E., & Menon, D. K. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0230 · Cited by 185
Repetitive mild traumatic brain injury augments tau pathology and glial activation in aged hTau mice
Ojo, J.-O., Mouzon, B., Greenberg, M. B., Bachmeier, C., Mullan, M., & Crawford, F. (2013) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0b013e3182814cdf · Cited by 166
Glutamate neurotransmission in rodent models of traumatic brain injury
Dorsett, C. R., McGuire, J. L., DePasquale, E. A. K., Gardner, A. E., Floyd, C. L., & McCullumsmith, R. E. (2017) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4373 · Cited by 163
A review of neuroimaging findings in repetitive brain trauma
Koerte, I. K., Lin, A. P., Willems, A., Muehlmann, M., Hufschmidt, J., Coleman, M. J., Green, I., Liao, H., Tate, D. F., Wilde, E. A., et al. (2015) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12249 · Cited by 160
Alway, Y., Gould, K. R., Johnston, L., McKenzie, D., & Ponsford, J. (2016) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291715002986 · Cited by 153
Neuroprotection in traumatic brain injury: a complex struggle against the biology of nature
Schouten, J. W. (2007) · Current Opinion in Critical Care · doi:10.1097/mcc.0b013e3280895d5c · Cited by 152
Petraglia, A., Plog, B., Dayawansa, S., Dashnaw, M., Czerniecka, K., Walker, C., Chen, M., Hyrien, O., Iliff, J., Deane, R., et al. (2014) · Surgical Neurology International · doi:10.4103/2152-7806.147566 · Cited by 151
Depressive Symptoms and Concussions in Aging Retired NFL Players
Didehbani, N., Munro Cullum, C., Mansinghani, S., Conover, H., & Hart, J. (2013) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/act028 · Cited by 150
A porcine model of traumatic brain injury via head rotational acceleration
Cullen, D. K., Harris, J. P., Browne, K. D., Wolf, J. A., Duda, J. E., Meaney, D. F., Margulies, S. S., & Smith, D. H. (2016) · Methods in Molecular Biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-3816-2_17 · Cited by 142
Post-traumatic growth following acquired brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Grace, J. J., Kinsella, E. L., Muldoon, O. T., & Fortune, D. G. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01162 · Cited by 136
Altered Bidirectional Plasticity and Reduced Implicit Motor Learning in Concussed Athletes
De Beaumont, L., Tremblay, S., Poirier, J., Lassonde, M., & Theoret, H. (2012) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhr096 · Cited by 133
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and ADHD: A Systematic Review of the Literature and Meta-Analysis
Adeyemo, B. O., Biederman, J., Zafonte, R., Kagan, E., Spencer, T. J., Uchida, M., Kenworthy, T., Spencer, A. E., & Faraone, S. V. (2014) · Journal of Attention Disorders · doi:10.1177/1087054714543371 · Cited by 126
Ventura, T., Harrison-Felix, C., Carlson, N., DiGuiseppi, C., Gabella, B., Brown, A., DeVivo, M., & Whiteneck, G. (2010) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2009.08.151 · Cited by 125
Pediatric sports-related concussion
Guskiewicz, K. M., & Valovich McLeod, T. C. (2011) · PM&R · doi:10.1016/j.pmrj.2010.12.006 · Cited by 113
Time-Dependent Changes in Microglia Transcriptional Networks Following Traumatic Brain Injury
Izzy, S., Liu, Q., Fang, Z., Lule, S., Wu, L., Chung, J. Y., Sarro-Schwartz, A., Brown-Whalen, A., Perner, C., Hickman, S. E., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fncel.2019.00307 · Cited by 110
Tham, S. W., Palermo, T. M., Vavilala, M. S., Wang, J., Jaffe, K. M., Koepsell, T. D., Dorsch, A., Temkin, N., Durbin, D., & Rivara, F. P. (2012) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2011.2126 · Cited by 109
Association between concussion and mental health in former collegiate athletes
Kerr, Z. Y., Evenson, K. R., Rosamond, W. D., Mihalik, J. P., Guskiewicz, K. M., & Marshall, S. W. (2014) · Injury Epidemiology · doi:10.1186/s40621-014-0028-x · Cited by 107
Winston, C. N., Romero, H. K., Ellisman, M., Nauss, S., Julovich, D. A., Conger, T., Hall, J. R., Campana, W., O’Bryant, S. E., Nievergelt, C. M., et al. (2019) · Frontiers in Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnins.2019.01005 · Cited by 105
Kelly, D. F., Chaloner, C., Evans, D., Mathews, A., Cohan, P., Wang, C., Swerdloff, R., Sim, M.-S., Lee, J., Wright, M. J., et al. (2014) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3212 · Cited by 101
Strathmann, F. G., Schulte, S., Goerl, K., & Petron, D. J. (2014) · Clinical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2014.01.028 · Cited by 98
Hellewell, S. C., Beaton, C. S., Welton, T., & Grieve, S. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2020.00350 · Cited by 90
Current understanding of chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Baugh, C. M., Robbins, C. A., Stern, R. A., & McKee, A. C. (2014) · Current Treatment Options in Neurology · doi:10.1007/s11940-014-0306-5 · Cited by 94
Gerson, J., Castillo-Carranza, D. L., Sengupta, U., Bodani, R., Prough, D. S., DeWitt, D. S., Hawkins, B. E., & Kayed, R. (2016) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2015.4262 · Cited by 94
Sports-related brain injury in the general population: an epidemiological study
Theadom, A., Starkey, N. J., Dowell, T., Hume, P. A., Kahan, M., McPherson, K., & Feigin, V. (2014) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2014.02.001 · Cited by 92
Hypoconnectivity and Hyperfrontality in Retired American Football Players
Hampshire, A., MacDonald, A., & Owen, A. M. (2013) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep02972 · Cited by 87
Dietrich, W. D., & Bramlett, H. M. (2016) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2015.12.034 · Cited by 88
Bolton, A. N., & Saatman, K. E. (2014) · Journal of Neuropathology & Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000115 · Cited by 86
Acabchuk, R. L., Brisson, J. M., Park, C. L., Babbott‐Bryan, N., Parmelee, O. A., & Johnson, B. T. (2021) · Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being · doi:10.1111/aphw.12244 · Cited by 77
Mihalik, J. P., Ondrak, K. S., Guskiewicz, K. M., & McMurray, R. G. (2009) · Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2008.05.003 · Cited by 75
Exploring new routes for neuroprotective drug development in traumatic brain injury
Janowitz, T., & Menon, D. K. (2010) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.3000330 · Cited by 74
Pearce, A. J., Hoy, K., Rogers, M. A., Corp, D. T., Maller, J. J., Drury, H. G. K., & Fitzgerald, P. B. (2014) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2013.3219 · Cited by 73
Pervez, M., Kitagawa, R. S., & Chang, T. R. (2018) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2017.09.010 · Cited by 69
Untangling senescent and damage‐associated microglia in the aging and diseased brain
Ng, P. Y., McNeely, T. L., & Baker, D. J. (2023) · The FEBS Journal · doi:10.1111/febs.16315 · Cited by 68
Heyer, G. L., Fischer, A., Wilson, J., MacDonald, J., Cribbs, S., Ravindran, R., Pommering, T. L., & Cuff, S. (2016) · Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine · doi:10.1097/jsm.0000000000000183 · Cited by 64
Neurotoxic tau oligomers after single versus repetitive mild traumatic brain injury
Bittar, A., Bhatt, N., Hasan, T. F., Montalbano, M., Puangmalai, N., McAllen, S., Ellsworth, A., Carretero Murillo, M., Taglialatela, G., Lucke-Wold, B., et al. (2019) · Brain Communications · doi:10.1093/braincomms/fcz004 · Cited by 60
Practice type effects on head impact in collegiate football
Reynolds, B. B., Patrie, J., Henry, E. J., Goodkin, H. P., Broshek, D. K., Wintermark, M., & Druzgal, T. J. (2016) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2015.5.jns15573 · Cited by 61
Pathologic Thr 175 tau phosphorylation in CTE and CTE with ALS
Moszczynski, A. J., Strong, W., Xu, K., McKee, A., Brown, A., & Strong, M. J. (2018) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000004899 · Cited by 59
Carlozzi, N. E., Grech, J., & Tulsky, D. S. (2013) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/13803395.2013.833178 · Cited by 58
Carlozzi, N. E., Kirsch, N. L., Kisala, P. A., & Tulsky, D. S. (2015) · The Clinical Neuropsychologist · doi:10.1080/13854046.2015.1005677 · Cited by 57
Li, L., Bao, Y., He, S., Wang, G., Guan, Y., Ma, D., Wu, R., Wang, P., Huang, X., Tao, S., et al. (2015) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000002028 · Cited by 49
Hyperphosphorylated tau is implicated in acquired epilepsy and neuropsychiatric comorbidities.
Zheng, P., Shultz, S. R., Hovens, C. M., Velakoulis, D., Jones, N. C., & O’Brien, T. J. (2014) · Molecular Neurobiology · doi:10.1007/s12035-013-8601-9 · Cited by 48
Hanley, D., Prichep, L. S., Bazarian, J., Huff, J. S., Naunheim, R., Garrett, J., Jones, E. B., Wright, D. W., O'Neill, J., Badjatia, N., et al. (2017) · Academic Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1111/acem.13175 · Cited by 48
Lipponen, A., El-Osta, A., Kaspi, A., Ziemann, M., Khurana, I., KN, H., Navarro-Ferrandis, V., Puhakka, N., Paananen, J., & Pitkänen, A. (2018) · Acta Neuropathologica Communications · doi:10.1186/s40478-018-0519-z · Cited by 47
Xiong, Y., Mahmood, A., Meng, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z. G., Morris, D. C., & Chopp, M. (2012) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2012.06683.x · Cited by 44
Donders, J., & Strong, C.-A. H. (2016) · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology · doi:10.1093/arclin/acv048 · Cited by 34
Role of valued living and associations with functional outcome following traumatic brain injury
Pais (Hons.), C., Ponsford, J. L., Gould (Clin. Neuro), K. R., & Wong, D. (2019) · Neuropsychological Rehabilitation · doi:10.1080/09602011.2017.1313745 · Cited by 33
Gender differences in sleep symptoms after repeat concussions
Oyegbile, T. O., Delasobera, B. E., & Zecavati, N. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.026 · Cited by 30
The impact of traumatic brain injury on pituitary function
Sundaram, N. K., Geer, E. B., & Greenwald, B. D. (2013) · Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.ecl.2013.05.003 · Cited by 22
Characteristics of traumatic brain injuries sustained among veterans seeking homeless services
Barnes, S. M., Russell, L. M., Hostetter, T. A., Forster, J. E., Devore, M. D., & Brenner, L. A. (2015) · Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved · doi:10.1353/hpu.2015.0010 · Cited by 20
Post-Traumatic Hypopituitarism: A Neglected Consequence of Traumatic Brain Injury
Kałas, M., Miksiewicz, M., Kowalke, A., & Siemiński, M. (2023) · Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1159/000529327 · Cited by 20
Zheng, P., He, B., Guo, Y., Zeng, J., & Tong, W. (2015) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/2014.12.jns132308 · Cited by 16
Sports-Related Repetitive Traumatic Brain Injury: A Novel Cause of Pituitary Dysfunction
Sezgin Caglar, A., Tanriverdi, F., Karaca, Z., Unluhizarci, K., & Kelestimur, F. (2019) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2018.5751 · Cited by 14
Bouchard, H. C., Higgins, K. L., Amadon, G. K., Laing-Young, J. M., Maerlender, A., Al‑Momani, S., Neta, M., Savage, C. R., & Schultz, D. H. (2024) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2023.0089 · Cited by 13
Ren, B., Kang, J., Wang, Y., Meng, X., Huang, Y., Bai, Y., & Feng, Z. (2024) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.205724 · Cited by 12
Eliacin, J., Yang, Z., Kean, J., & Dixon, B. E. (2021) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699052.2020.1861650 · Cited by 9
Precursors of post-bout motion sickness in adolescent female boxers
Chen, Y.-C., Tseng, T.-C., Hung, T.-H., & Stoffregen, T. A. (2014) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-014-3910-4 · Cited by 8
Metadata
- Authors
- Langlois, J. A., Rutland-Brown, W., & Wald, M. M.
- Venue
- Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 375-378
- ISSN
- 0885-9701 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1990514899
- Cited by
- 3,643
- References
- 0
- FWCI
- 28.11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.