The DOI matches its Crossref record; 161 of the 161 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Close Interrelation of Motor Development and Cognitive Development and of the Cerebellum and Prefrontal Cortex
Abstract
Motor development and cognitive development may be fundamentally interrelated. Contrary to popular notions that motor development begins and ends early, whereas cognitive development begins and ends later, both motor and cognitive development display equally protracted developmental timetables. When cognitive development is perturbed, as in a neurodevelopmental disorder, motor development is often adversely affected. While it has long been known that the striatum functions as part of a circuit with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, it is suggested here that the same is true for the cerebellum and that the cerebellum may be important for cognitive as well as motor functions. Like prefrontal cortex, the cerebellum reaches maturity late. Many cognitive tasks that require prefrontal cortex also require the cerebellum. To make these points, evidence is summarized of the close co-activation of the neocerebellum and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in functional neuroimaging, of similarities in the cognitive sequelae of damage to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and the neocerebellum, of motor deficits in “cognitive” developmental disorders, and of abnormalities in the cerebellum and in prefrontal cortex in the same developmental disorders.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“which may reflect delays in the prefrontal cortex, midbrain, and brainstem regions,83 which may affect future neurodevelopment.84”
From Birth outcomes following intrauterine exposure to electronic nicotine delivery systems: a systematic review and meta-analysis (2026) · cites this paper as [83]
Citations
Cites
(1982) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(82)90076-5 · Cited by 9,089
Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex
Alexander, G. E., DeLong, M. R., & Strick, P. L. (1986) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.09.030186.002041 · Cited by 8,527
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
Albin, R. L., Young, A. B., & Penney, J. B. (1989) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(89)90074-x · Cited by 5,353
Marr, D. (1969) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1969.sp008820 · Cited by 3,253
The cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome
Schmahmann, J. (1998) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/121.4.561 · Cited by 3,230
The cerebellum and neural control
Ito, M. (1984) · Cited by 2,314
The neural correlates of the verbal component of working memory
Paulesu, E., Frith, C. D., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1993) · Nature · doi:10.1038/362342a0 · Cited by 2,230
A Parametric Study of Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in Human Working Memory
Braver, T. S., Cohen, J. D., Nystrom, L. E., Jonides, J., Smith, E. E., & Noll, D. C. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1996.0247 · Cited by 1,694
Schmahmann, J. D. (2019) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2018.07.005 · Cited by 1,625
Modulation of memory fields by dopamine Dl receptors in prefrontal cortex
Williams, G. V., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/376572a0 · Cited by 1,593
Practice-related Changes in Human Brain Functional Anatomy during Nonmotor Learning
Raichle, M. E., Fiez, J. A., Videen, T. O., MacLeod, A.-M. K., Pardo, J. V., Fox, P. T., & Petersen, S. E. (1994) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/4.1.8 · Cited by 1,593
Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators in the basal ganglia
Graybiel, A. M. (1990) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(90)90104-i · Cited by 1,576
Supplementary motor area and other cortical areas in organization of voluntary movements in man
Roland, P. E., Larsen, B., Lassen, N. A., & Skinhoj, E. (1980) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1980.43.1.118 · Cited by 1,518
The origin of corticospinal projections from the premotor areas in the frontal lobe
Dum, R., & Strick, P. (1991) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.11-03-00667.1991 · Cited by 1,442
Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7939688 · Cited by 1,356
Timing Functions of The Cerebellum
Ivry, R. B., & Keele, S. W. (1989) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1989.1.2.136 · Cited by 1,272
Supplementary motor area structure and function: Review and hypotheses
Goldberg, G. (1985) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00045167 · Cited by 1,233
Quantitative brain magnetic resonance imaging in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (1996) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1996.01830070053009 · Cited by 1,183
Longitudinal topography and interdigitation of corticostriatal projections in the rhesus monkey
Selemon, L., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1985) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.05-03-00776.1985 · Cited by 1,073
HOLMES, G. (1939) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/62.1.1 · Cited by 1,071
Hypoplasia of cerebellar vermal lobules VI and VII in autism
Courchesne, E., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Hesselink, J. R., & Jernigan, T. L. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198805263182102 · Cited by 1,058
Cerebral Glucose Metabolism in Adults with Hyperactivity of Childhood Onset
Zametkin, A. J., NORDAHL, T. E., Gross, M., King, A. C., Semple, W. E., Rumsey, J. M., Hamburger, S., & Cohen, R. M. (1990) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199011153232001 · Cited by 977
Histoanatomic observations of the brain in early infantile autism
Bauman, M., & Kemper, T. L. (1985) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.35.6.866 · Cited by 964
Selemon, L., & Goldman-Rakic, P. (1988) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.08-11-04049.1988 · Cited by 907
FRONTO-STRIATAL COGNITIVE DEFICITS AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
OWEN, A. M., JAMES, M., LEIGH, P. N., SUMMERS, B. A., MARSDEN, C. D., QUINN, N. P., LANGE, K. W., & ROBBINS, T. W. (1992) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/115.6.1727 · Cited by 868
Vaidya, C. J., Austin, G., Kirkorian, G., Ridlehuber, H. W., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1998) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.95.24.14494 · Cited by 845
CASEY, B. J., CASTELLANOS, F. X., GIEDD, J. N., MARSH, W. L., HAMBURGER, S. D., SCHUBERT, A. B., VAUSS, Y. C., VAITUZIS, A. C., DICKSTEIN, D. P., SARFATTI, S. E., et al. (1997) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199703000-00016 · Cited by 800
COGNITIVE DEFICITS IN THE EARLY STAGES OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE
Lees, A. J., & Smith, E. (1983) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/106.2.257 · Cited by 791
Does the cerebellum contribute to mental skills?
Leiner, H. C., Leiner, A. L., & Dow, R. S. (1986) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.100.4.443 · Cited by 766
Barkley, R. A., DuPaul, G. J., & McMurray, M. B. (1990) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.58.6.775 · Cited by 764
Filipek, P. A., Semrud-Clikeman, M., Steingard, R. J., Renshaw, P. F., Kennedy, D. N., & Biederman, J. (1997) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.48.3.589 · Cited by 732
Prefrontal Cortex Cognitive Deficits in Children Treated Early and Continuously for PKU
Diamond, A., Prevor, M. B., Callender, G., & Druin, D. P. (1997) · Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development · doi:10.2307/1166208 · Cited by 717
Self-citationVerbal Working Memory Load Affects Regional Brain Activation as Measured by PET
Jonides, J., Schumacher, E. H., Smith, E. E., Lauber, E. J., Awh, E., Minoshima, S., & Koeppe, R. A. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.4.462 · Cited by 715
Awh, E., Jonides, J., Smith, E. E., Schumacher, E. H., Koeppe, R. A., & Katz, S. (1996) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1996.tb00662.x · Cited by 705
Architecture and frontal cortical connections of the premotor cortex (area 6) in the rhesus monkey
Barbas, H., & Pandya, D. N. (1987) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.902560203 · Cited by 690
Dissociation of the lateral and medial cerebellum in movement timing and movement execution
Ivry, R. B., Keele, S. W., & Diener, H. C. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00279670 · Cited by 678
Purkinje cell activity during motor learning
Gilbert, P. F. C., & Thach, W. T. (1977) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(77)90997-0 · Cited by 657
Impairment in shifting attention in autistic and cerebellar patients
Courchesne, E., Townsend, J., Akshoomoff, N. A., Saitoh, O., Yeung-Courchesne, R., Lincoln, A. J., James, H. E., Haas, R. H., Schreibman, L., & Lau, L. (1994) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.108.5.848 · Cited by 647
Owen, A. M., Roberts, A. C., Hodges, J. R., & Robbins, T. W. (1993) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/116.5.1159 · Cited by 639
FIEZ, J. A., PETERSEN, S. E., CHENEY, M. K., & RAICHLE, M. E. (1992) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/115.1.155 · Cited by 631
Brain Morphology in Developmental Dyslexia and Attention Deficit Disorder/Hyperactivity
Hynd, G. W., Semrud-Clikeman, M., Lorys, A. R., Novey, E. S., & Eliopulos, D. (1990) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1990.00530080107018 · Cited by 612
The supplementary motor area in the cerebral cortex
Tanji, J. (1994) · Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1016/0168-0102(94)90038-8 · Cited by 599
Cerebellum in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A morphometric MRI study
Berquin, P. C., Giedd, J. N., Jacobsen, L. K., Hamburger, S. D., Krain, A. L., Rapoport, J. L., & Castellanos, F. X. (1998) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.50.4.1087 · Cited by 564 · cited 2×
“Four studies report Þnding the cerebellum to be smaller in ADHD boys than in normal controls (Berquin et al., 1998; Castellanos 1997; Castellanos et al., 1996; Mostofsky et al., 1998).”
BackgroundLoad-Dependent Roles of Frontal Brain Regions in the Maintenance of Working Memory
Bart Rypma, A., Prabhakaran, V., Desmond, J. E., Glover, G. H., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (1999) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1998.0404 · Cited by 561
Künzle, H. (1978) · Brain, Behavior and Evolution · doi:10.1159/000123779 · Cited by 557
Striatal Dysfunction in Attention Deficit and Hyperkinetic Disorder
Lou, H. C., Henriksen, L., Bruhn, P., Borner, H., & Nielsen, J. B. (1989) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520370050018 · Cited by 549
The Primate Premotor Cortex: Past, Present, and Preparatory
Wise, S. P. (1985) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.08.030185.000245 · Cited by 541
Desmond, J. E., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Wagner, A. D., Ginier, B. L., & Glover, G. H. (1997) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-24-09675.1997 · Cited by 539
Berman, K. (1995) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(95)00035-2 · Cited by 534
Groves, P. M. (1983) · Brain Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/0165-0173(83)90011-5 · Cited by 534
The human cerebro-cerebellar system: its computing, cognitive, and language skills
Leiner, H. C., Leiner, A. L., & Dow, R. S. (1991) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0166-4328(05)80016-6 · Cited by 492
Reappraising the cerebellum: What does the hindbrain contribute to the forebrain?
Leiner, H. C., Leiner, A. L., & Dow, R. S. (1989) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.103.5.998 · Cited by 487
A positron emission tomography study of the short-term maintenance of verbal information
Fiez, J., Raife, E., Balota, D. A., Schwarz, J., Raichle, M. E., & Petersen, S. E. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-02-00808.1996 · Cited by 483
The development and neural bases of higher cognitive functions
Diamond, A. D. (1990) · Works - Scholarship, Research, & Creative Expression (Swarthmore College) · Cited by 446
Self-citationFunctional magnetic resonance imaging of human brain activity in a verbal fluency task
Schlösser, R. G. M., Hutchinson, M., Joseffer, S. S., Rusinek, H., Saarimaki, A., Stevenson, J., Dewey, S. L., & Brodie, J. D. (1998) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.64.4.492 · Cited by 438
Frontal-striatal cognitive deficits in patients with chronic schizophrenia
Pantelis, C., Barnes, T. R., Nelson, H. E., Tanner, S., Weatherley, L., Owen, A. M., & Robbins, T. W. (1997) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/120.10.1823 · Cited by 432
Aosaki, T., Graybiel, A. M., & Kimura, M. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8023166 · Cited by 427
Adaptation to lateral displacement of vision in patients with lesions of the central nervous system
Weiner, M. J., Hallett, M., & Funkenstein, H. H. (1983) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.33.6.766 · Cited by 416
Does the Cerebellum Provide a Common Computation for Diverse Tasks? A Timing Hypothesisa
KEELE, S. W., & IVRY, R. (1990) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48897.x · Cited by 414
Motor coordination and kinaesthesis in boys with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder
Piek, J. P., Pitcher, T. M., & Hay, D. A. (1999) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1017/s0012162299000341 · Cited by 396
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and asymmetry of the caudate nucleus.
Hynd, G. W., Hern, K. L., Novey, E. S., Eliopulos, D., Marshall, R., Gonzalez, J. J., & Voeller, K. K. (1993) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389300800409 · Cited by 395
Altered serotonin synthesis in the dentatothalamocortical pathway in autistic boys
Chugani, D. C., Muzik, O., Rothermel, R., Behen, M. E., Chakraborty, P. K., Mangner, T. J., Silva, E. A. D., & Chugani, H. T. (1997) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410420420 · Cited by 394
Attention deficits and clumsiness in Swedish 7‐year‐old children
Kadesjö, B., & Gillberg, C. (1998) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb12356.x · Cited by 391
Pantano, P., Baron, J., Samson, Y., Bousser, M., Derouesné, C., & Comar, D. (1986) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/109.4.677 · Cited by 390
Toward a Pathophysiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivint Disorder
Castellanos, F. X. (1997) · Clinical Pediatrics · doi:10.1177/000992289703600702 · Cited by 386
Cognitive planning deficit in patients with cerebellar atrophy
Grafman, J., Litvan, I., Massaquoi, S., Stewart, M., Sirigu, A., & Hallett, M. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.8.1493 · Cited by 383
Brinkman, C. (1984) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.04-04-00918.1984 · Cited by 381
Cerebellar circuits and synaptic mechanisms involved in classical eyeblink conditioning
Kim, J. J., & Thompson, R. E. (1997) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/s0166-2236(96)10081-3 · Cited by 355
Orgogozo, J. M., & Larsen, B. (1979) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.493986 · Cited by 346
Effects of lesions of cerebellar nuclei on conditioned behavioral and hippocampal neuronal responses
Clark, G. A., McCormick, D. A., Lavond, D. G., & Thompson, R. F. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90658-9 · Cited by 337
Schmahmann, J. D., & Pandya, D. N. (1995) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(95)12056-a · Cited by 333
Comparison of Asperger syndrome and high-functioning autistic children on a Test of Motor Impairment
Manjiviona, J., & Prior, M. (1995) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02178165 · Cited by 327
Dissociations in infant memory: Rethinking the development of implicit and explicit memory.
Rovee‐Collier, C. (1997) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037//0033-295x.104.3.467 · Cited by 313
Evaluation of Cerebellar Size in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Mostofsky, S. H., Reiss, A. L., Lockhart, P., & Denckla, M. B. (1998) · Journal of Child Neurology · doi:10.1177/088307389801300904 · Cited by 311
AFFERENT AREAS IN THE CEREBELLUM CONNECTED WITH THE LIMBS
ADRIAN, E. D. (1943) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/66.4.289 · Cited by 299
Memory in patients with cerebellar degeneration
Appollonio, I. M., Grafman, J., Schwartz, V., Massaquoi, S., & Hallett, M. (1993) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.43.8.1536 · Cited by 295
Motor practice and neurophysiological adaptation in the cerebellum: a positron tomography study
(1992) · Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1992.0065 · Cited by 294
Szatmari, P., Offord, D. R., & Boyle, M. H. (1989) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00235.x · Cited by 290
Logan, C. G., & Grafton, S. T. (1995) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.92.16.7500 · Cited by 282
Moving on: autism and movement disturbance.
Leary, M. R., & Hill, D. A. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 279
Delayed maturation of the frontal cortex in childhood autism
Zilbovicius, M., Garreau, B., Samson, Y., Rémy, P., Barthélémy, C., Syrota, A., & Lelord, G. (1995) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.152.2.248 · Cited by 277
Middleton, F. A., & Strick, P. L. (1997) · International Review of Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0074-7742(08)60347-5 · Cited by 277
A quantitative study of the human cerebellum with unbiased stereological techniques
Andersen, B. B., Korbo, L., & Pakkenberg, B. (1992) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.903260405 · Cited by 276
Robbins, T. W., James, M., Owen, A. M., Lange, K. W., Lees, A. J., Leigh, P. N., Marsden, C. D., Quinn, N. P., & Summers, B. A. (1994) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.1.79 · Cited by 272
Regional Specificity of Brain Atrophy in Huntington's Disease
Halliday, G. M., McRitchie, D. A., Macdonald, V., Double, K. L., Trent, R. J., & McCusker, E. A. (1998) · Experimental Neurology · doi:10.1006/exnr.1998.6919 · Cited by 271
Romo, R., & Schultz, W. (1992) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00227836 · Cited by 270
The hyperactive child syndrome.
Stewart, M. A., Pitts, F. N., Craig, A. G., & Dieruf, W. (1966) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1966.tb02414.x · Cited by 269
The cerebellum contributes to mental skills.
Bracke-Tolkmitt, R., Linden, A., Canavan, A. G., & Rockstroh, B. (1989) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.103.2.442 · Cited by 268
Oculomotor evidence for neocortical systems but not cerebellar dysfunction in autism
Minshew, N. J., Luna, B., & Sweeney, J. A. (1999) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.52.5.917 · Cited by 267
Classical conditioning after cerebellar lesions in humans.
Daum, I., Schugens, M. M., Ackermann, H., & Lutzenberger, W. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.107.5.748 · Cited by 267
Functional heterogeneity with structural homogeneity: How does the cerebellum operate?
Bloedel, J. R. (1994) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511529788.007 · Cited by 267
Neural mechanisms of classical conditioning in mammals
Thompson, R. F. (1990) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1990.0161 · Cited by 263
Deficit in classical conditioning in patients with cerebellar degeneration
Topka, H., Valls-Solé, J., Massaquoi, S. G., & Hallett, M. (1993) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/116.4.961 · Cited by 261
Brief report: Planning problems in autism at the level of motor control
Hughes, C. (1996) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf02276237 · Cited by 243
Objective measurement of hyperactivity and attentional problems in ADHD
TEICHER, M. H., ITO, Y., GLOD, C. A., & BARBER, N. I. (1996) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199603000-00015 · Cited by 243
Memory and learning in early Parkinson's disease: Evidence for a “frontal lobe syndrome”
Taylor, A. E., Saint‐Cyr, J. A., & Lang, A. E. (1990) · Brain and Cognition · doi:10.1016/0278-2626(90)90051-o · Cited by 239
Models of the cerebellum and motor learning
Houk, J. C., Buckingham, J. T., & Barto, A. G. (1997) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511666896.006 · Cited by 234
Reduced Cerebellar Hemisphere Size and Its Relationship to Vermal Hypoplasia in Autism
Murakami, J. W., Courchesne, E., Press, G. A., Yeung-Courchesne, R., & Hesselink, J. R. (1989) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520420111032 · Cited by 233
Chen, L., Bao, S., Lockard, J. M., Kim, J. K., & Thompson, R. F. (1996) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.16-08-02829.1996 · Cited by 223
Temporal Information Processing in the Nervous System: Special Reference to Dyslexia and Dysphasia
Tallal, P. A., Galaburda, A. M., Llinás, R. R., & von Euler, C. (1993) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 220
Focal cerebral dysfunction in developmental learning disabilities
LOU, H. C. (1990) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(90)90136-s · Cited by 218
Anomalies of motor development in hyperactive boys
Denckla, M. B., & Rudel, R. G. (1978) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410030308 · Cited by 201
The preparation and production of isometric force in Parkinson's disease
Stelmach, G. E., & Worringham, C. J. (1988) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/0028-3932(88)90033-4 · Cited by 193
THE EVOLUTION AND ANATOMY OF THE CEREBELLUM
Dow, R. S. (1942) · Biological reviews/Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1469-185x.1942.tb00437.x · Cited by 192
Impairment of sequences of memory‐guided saccades after supplementary motor area lesions
Gaymard, B. M., Pierrot‐Deseilligny, C., & Rivaud-Péchoux, S. (1990) · Annals of Neurology · doi:10.1002/ana.410280504 · Cited by 185
PREMOTOR CORTEX AND CONDITIONAL MOTOR LEARNING IN MAN
Halsband, U., & Freund, H. (1990) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/113.1.207 · Cited by 184
A Role for the Cerebellum in Learning Movement Coordination
Thach, W. T. (1998) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1998.3846 · Cited by 184
Evidence for the importance of dopamine for prefrontal cortex functions early in life
Diamond, A. D. (1996) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1996.0134 · Cited by 180
Self-citationRate and timing precision of motor coordination in developmental dyslexia.
Wolff, P. H., Michel, G. F., Ovrut, M. R., & Drake, C. (1990) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.26.3.349 · Cited by 179
Role of the cerebellum in complex human behavior
Botez, M. I., Botez-Marquard, T., Elie, R., & Attig, E. (1989) · Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1007/bf02333774 · Cited by 175
Hellgren, L., Gillberg, C., Gillberg, I., & Enerskog, I. (1993) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11565.x · Cited by 174
Hill, E. L. (1998) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8749.1998.tb08214.x · Cited by 170
The anatomy of dopamine in monkey and human prefrontal cortex
Goldman‐Rakic, P. S., Lidow, M. S., Smiley, J. F., & Williams, M. S. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-9211-5_8 · Cited by 167
Neuroanatomic Imaging in Autism
Courchesne, E. (1991) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.87.5.781 · Cited by 167
PARKINSON'S DISEASE AND DEPRESSION
Taylor, A. E., Saint‐Cyr, J. A., Lang, A. E., & Kenny, F. T. (1986) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/109.2.279 · Cited by 156
Abnormal Neuroanatomy in a Nonretarded Person With Autism
Courchesne, E. (1987) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1987.00520150073028 · Cited by 153
The cerebellum and cognitive functions in humans.
Daum, I., Ackermann, H., Schugens, M. M., Reimold, C., Dichgans, J., & Birbaumer, N. (1993) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.107.3.411 · Cited by 152
Hartsough, C. S., & Lambert, N. M. (1985) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1111/j.1939-0025.1985.tb03433.x · Cited by 150
Marr, D., & Thach, W. T. (1991) · Birkhäuser Boston eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-6775-8_3 · Cited by 143
Cerebellar Involvement in the Explicit Representation of Temporal Information a
Ivry, R. B. (1993) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1993.tb22970.x · Cited by 141
Simple and complex movements in a patient with infarction of the right supplementary motor area
Dick, J., Benecke, R., Rothwell, J. C., Day, B. L., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1986) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.870010405 · Cited by 137
Lavond, D., Lincoln, J., McCormick, D., & Thompson, R. F. (1984) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(84)90438-4 · Cited by 135
Mariën, P., Saerens, J., Nanhoe, R., Moens, E., Nagels, G., Pickut, B. A., Dierckx, R. A., & Deyn, P. P. D. (1996) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0022-510x(96)00059-7 · Cited by 135
Cerebellar Structure in Autism
Gaffney, G. (1987) · Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine · doi:10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460120096044 · Cited by 131
Lewis, D. A., Foote, S. L., Goldstein, M., & Morrison, J. H. (1988) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(88)91040-2 · Cited by 131
The comparative anatomy and histology of the cerebellum
Larsell, O. (1967) · Cited by 128
Cerebellar cortex and eyeblink conditioning: A reexamination
Yeo, C. H., & Hardiman, M. J. (1992) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00228191 · Cited by 127
Cerebellar hypoplasia and frontal lobe cognitive deficits in disorders of early childhood
Ciesielski, K. T. R., Harris, R., Hart, B. L., & Pabst, H. F. (1997) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(96)00119-4 · Cited by 126
The “Memory System” of Prelinguistic Infantsa
Rovee‐Collier, C. (1990) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48908.x · Cited by 120
Premotor cortex and preparation for movement
Passingham, R. E. (1988) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00247607 · Cited by 118
Midsagittal Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Autism
Gaffney, G., Kuperman, S., Tsai, L. Y., Minchin, S., & Hassanein, K. M. (1987) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.151.6.831 · Cited by 118
Yamamoto, T., Yoshida, K., Yoshikawa, H., Kishimoto, Y., & Oka, H. (1992) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(92)90067-j · Cited by 116
Disrupted eyelid conditioning in a patient with damage to cerebellar afferents.
Solomon, P. R., Stowe, G. T., & Pendlbeury, W. W. (1989) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.103.4.898 · Cited by 113
Premotor cortex: Sensory cues and movement
Passingham, R. E. (1985) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(85)90073-7 · Cited by 110
Motor impairments in children with autistic disorder
Page, J., & Boucher, J. (1998) · Child Language Teaching and Therapy · doi:10.1177/026565909801400301 · Cited by 109
Hill, E. L., Bishop, D., & Nimmo‐Smith, I. (1998) · Human Movement Science · doi:10.1016/s0167-9457(98)00017-7 · Cited by 103
Lesnik, P. G., Ciesielski, K. T. R., Hart, B. L., Benzel, E. C., & Sanders, J. A. (1998) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.55.12.1561 · Cited by 101
TAYLOR, A. E., Saint‐Cyr, J. A., & Lang, A. E. (1987) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/110.1.35 · Cited by 100
Behavioral alterations in patients with basal ganglia lesions.
Bowen, F. P. (1976) · PubMed · Cited by 86
L-dopa and frontal cognitive function in Parkinson's disease.
Lange, K. W., Paul, G. M., Robbins, T. W., & MARSDEN, C. D. (1993) · PubMed · Cited by 81
Crispino, L., & Bullock, T. H. (1984) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.81.9.2917 · Cited by 75
Tapping a Rhythm: A Problem of Timing for Children Who Are Clumsy and Dyslexic?
Geuze, R. H., & Kalverboer, A. F. (1994) · Adapted Physical Activity Quarterly · doi:10.1123/apaq.11.2.203 · Cited by 73
The Cerebellum and Motor Learning
Glickstein, M., & Yeo, C. H. (1990) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1990.2.2.69 · Cited by 72
Crossed cerebellar diaschisis accompanied by hemiataxia: a PET study.
Tanaka, M., Kondo, S., Hirai, S., Ishiguro, K., Ishihara, T., & Morimatsu, M. (1992) · Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.55.2.121 · Cited by 70
Projection of the cerebellar dentate nucleus onto the frontal association cortex in monkeys
Sasaki, K., Jinnai, K., Gemba, H., Hashimoto, S., & Mizuno, N. (1979) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf01474266 · Cited by 67
Chen, L., Bao, S., & Thompson, R. F. (1999) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.113.1.204 · Cited by 60
Paulesu, E., Connelly, A., Frith, C., Friston, K. J., Heather, J. D., Myers, R., Gadian, D. G., & Frackowiak, R. S. J. (1995) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1052-5149(25)00291-6 · Cited by 57
Amen, D., Paldi, J. H., & Thisted, R. A. (1993) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1097/00004583-199309000-00036 · Cited by 48
Classical Delay Eyeblink Conditioning in 4- and 5-Month-Old Human Infants
Claflin, D. I., Collins, K. L., Eckerman, C. O., et al. (1999) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.00097 · Cited by 46
Cerebellar diaschisis revisited
FULHAM, M. J., Brooks, R. A., Hallett, M., et al. (1992) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.42.12.2267 · Cited by 45
de Zubicaray, G. I., Williams, S., Wilson, S. J., Rose, S., Brammer, M. J., Bullmore, E. T., Simmons, A., Chalk, J. B., Semple, J. M., Brown, A. P., et al. (1998) · Cortex · doi:10.1016/s0010-9452(08)70762-7 · Cited by 42
Evolution of Crossed Cerebellar Diaschisis in Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction
Miura, H., Nagata, K., Hirata, Y., Satoh, Y., Watahiki, Y., & Hatazawa, J. (1994) · Journal of Neuroimaging · doi:10.1111/jon19944291 · Cited by 40
Cerebellar guidance of premotor network development and sensorimotor learning.Preprint
Hua, S. E., & Houk, J. C. (1997) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.4.1.63 · Cited by 38
Crossed cerebello-cerebral diaschisis
BONI, S., Valle, G., CIOFFI, R. P., BONETTI, M. G., Perrone, E., TOFANI, A., & Cl, M. (1992) · Nuclear Medicine Communications · doi:10.1097/00006231-199211000-00009 · Cited by 33
Learning Processes in the Human Newborn
Lipsitt, L. P. (1990) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb48894.x · Cited by 30
On the Cerebellum and Classical Conditioning
Daum, I., & Schugens, M. M. (1996) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-8721.ep10772731 · Cited by 23
EKMAN, G., de Château, P., Marions, O., Selldén, H., Wahlund, L., & Wetterberg, L. (1991) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1991.tb11840.x · Cited by 19
A Conditioning Analysis of Infant Memory
Fagen, J. W., & Rovee‐Collier, C. (1982) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-7890-7_3 · Cited by 17
Kostowski, W. (1972) · PubMed · Cited by 2
Motor Functions of the Basal Ganglia
DeLong, M. R., & Georgopoulos, A. P. (1981) · Comprehensive Physiology · doi:10.1002/j.2040-4603.1981.tb00859.x · Cited by 1
Cited by
Contributions of memory circuits to language: the declarative/procedural model
Ullman, M. T. (2004) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.10.008 · Cited by 1,893
Control of mental activities by internal models in the cerebellum
Ito, M. (2008) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2332 · Cited by 1,356
Diamond, A., & Ling, D. S. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.11.005 · Cited by 1,177
Self-citationBest, J. R. (2010) · Developmental Review · doi:10.1016/j.dr.2010.08.001 · Cited by 1,078
Davis, C. L., Tomporowski, P. D., McDowell, J. E., Austin, B. P., Miller, P. H., Yanasak, N. E., Allison, J. D., & Naglieri, J. A. (2011) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0021766 · Cited by 911
Metadata
- Authors
- Diamond, A.
- Affiliations
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center , Waltham, MA
- Venue
- Child Development
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2000-01-01
- Volume
- 71
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-56
- ISSN
- 0009-3920
- 1467-8624
- Cited by
- 1,175
- References
- 161
- Language
- en
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.