The amygdala, fear, and memory
Abstract
A bstract: Lesions of the frontotemporal region of the amygdala, which includes lateral and basal nuclei, cause a loss of conditional fear responses, such as freezing, even when the lesions are made over a year and a half from the original training. These amygdala‐damaged animals are not hyperactive and show normal reactivity to strong stimuli such as bright lights. After receiving tone‐mild shock pairings rats normally display an appropriately weak response when exposed to the tone. Rats' fear of the tone can be inflated by giving them exposure to strong shocks in the absence of the tone between training and testing. This inflation of fear memory is abolished if the frontotemporal amygdala is inactivated by muscimol only during the inflation treatment with strong shocks. Based on such findings we suggest that the frontotemporal amygdala permanently encodes a memory for the hedonic value of the aversive stimulus used to condition fear.
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The amygdala is a critical component of emotional learning and memory.
“It is well known that the amygdala is a critical component of emotional learning and memory.”
From The Temporal Dynamics Model of Emotional Memory Processing: A Synthesis on the Neurobiological Basis of Stress-Induced Amnesia, Flashbulb and Traumatic Memories, and the Yerkes-Dodson Law (2007) · cites this paper as Fanselow and Gale [335]
The amygdala also updates the value of aversive outcomes.
“In addition, although most work has involved positive outcomes, such as the receipt of a desirable food, the amygdala also updates the value of aversive outcomes (85).”
From Localization of Dysfunction in Major Depressive Disorder: Prefrontal Cortex and Amygdala (2011) · cites this paper as [85]
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- Authors
- FANSELOW, M. S., & GALE, G. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- FANSELOW, MICHAEL S.
- ORCID
- FANSELOW, MICHAEL S.
- Venue
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2003-04
- Volume
- 985
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 125-134
- ISSN
- 0077-8923 (ISSN-L)
- 1749-6632
- OpenAlex
- W2089872340
- Cited by
- 299
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 19 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 6.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- amygdala, fear memory, freezing, basal amygdala, lateral amygdala, hedonic value, aversive stimuli, muscimol inactivation
- MeSH terms
- Amnesia, Retrograde, Amygdala, Animals, Conditioning, Operant, Fear, Memory, Models, Animal
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