CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 5,831Resilience and Mental HealthOptimism, Hope, and Well-beingHealth, psychology, and well-being

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Psychosocial resilience and protective mechanisms.

Rutter, Michael·1987·American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
DOI 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

The concept of mechanisms that protect people against the psychological risks associated with adversity is discussed in relation to four main processes: reduction of risk impact, reduction of negative chain reactions, establishment and maintenance of self-esteem and self-efficacy, and opening up of opportunities. The mechanisms operating at key turning points in people's lives must be given special attention.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x

Cites

1 of 1 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 1 references

Research works printed but not linked: 71

  1. Bandura, 1977, Social Learning Theory
  2. Bowlby, 196982, Attachment and Loss I: Attachment
  3. Bowlby, 1973, Attachment and Loss II: Separation Anxiety and Anger
  4. Bowlby, 1980, Attachment and Loss III: Loss, Sadness and Depression
  5. Bretherton , I. 1985 Attachment theory: retrospect and prospect Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research I. Bretherton E. Waters · DOI
  6. Brewin, 1985, Depression and causal attributions: what is their relation?, Psychol. Bull., 98, 297, 10.1037/0033-2909.98.2.297 · DOI
  7. Brothwood, 1986, Prognosis of the very low birthweight baby in relation to gender, Arch. Dis. Childhd, 61, 559, 10.1136/adc.61.6.559 · DOI
  8. Brown, 1978, Social Origins of Depression: A Study of Psychiatric Disorders in Women
  9. Brown, 1986, Depression in Young People
  10. Campbell, 1983, Social factors and affective disorder: an investigation of Brown and Harris's model, Brit. J. Psychiat., 149, 548, 10.1192/bjp.143.6.548 · DOI
  11. Condry, 1985, Sex and aggression: the influence of gender label on perception of aggression in children, Child Devlpm., 56, 225, 10.2307/1130189 · DOI
  12. Dunn, 1982, Siblings: Love, Envy and Understanding, 10.4159/harvard.9780674330597 · DOI
  13. Earls, 1987, Sex differences in psychiatric disorders: origins and developmental influences, Psychiat. Devlpm., 1, 1
  14. Elder, 1974, Children of the Great Depression
  15. Elder, 1979, Life Span Development and Behavior, Vol. 2
  16. Elder, 1986, Military times and turning points in men's lives, Devlpm. Psychol., 22, 233, 10.1037/0012-1649.22.2.233 · DOI
  17. Emde, 1979, Sex differences in childhood psychopathology: a review, Psychol. Bull., 86, 574, 10.1037/0033-2909.86.3.574 · DOI
  18. Epstein, 1980, Personality: Basic Aspects and Current Research
  19. Fagot, 1985, Differential reactions to assertive and communicative acts of toddler boys and girls, Child Devlopm., 56, 1499, 10.2307/1130468 · DOI
  20. Ferguson, 1979, Preparing young children for hospitalization: a comparison of two methods, Pediatrics, 64, 656
  21. Garmezy, 1985, Recent Research in Developmental Psychopathology
  22. Gray, 1980, Out of School: Modem Perspectives in Truancy and School Refusal
  23. Gualtieri, 1985, An immunoreactive theory of selective male affliction, Behav. Brain Sci., 8, 427, 10.1017/S0140525X00001023 · DOI
  24. Harter, 1983, Socialization, Personality, and Social Development, Vol. 4, Mussen's Handbook of Child Psychology (4th Ed.)
  25. Hennessy, 1979, Progress in Psychobiology and Physiological Psychology
  26. Hetherington, 1982, Non-traditional Families
  27. Hinde, 1977, Some factors influencing the effect of temporary mother-infant separation: some experiments with rhesus monkeys, Psychol. Med., 7, 197, 10.1017/S0033291700029275 · DOI
  28. Ingham, 1986, Self-esteem, vulnerability and psychiatric disorder in the community, Brit. J. Psychiat., 148, 375, 10.1192/bjp.148.4.375 · DOI
  29. Jackson, 1984, Unemployment and psychological ill-health: the moderating role of duration and age, Psychol Med., 14, 605, 10.1017/S003329170001521X · DOI
  30. Kandel, 1986, Adult sequelae of adolescent depressive symptoms, Arch. Gen. Psychiat., 43, 225, 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030073007 · DOI
  31. Maccoby, 1974, The Psychology of Sex Differences
  32. Maccoby, 1980, Scientific Foundations of Developmental Psychiatry
  33. Maccoby, 1983, Human Development: An Interactional Perspective
  34. Masten, 1986, Humor and competence in school-aged children, Child Devlpm., 57, 461, 10.2307/1130601 · DOI
  35. Masten, 1985, Advances in Clinical Child Psychology, Vol. 8
  36. Maughan, 1986, Black pupils' progress in secondary schools II: examination attainments, Brit. J. Devlopm. Psychol., 4, 19, 10.1111/j.2044-835X.1986.tb00994.x · DOI
  37. Meichenbaum, 1985, Stress Inoculation Training
  38. Melville, 1985, Depression among men made involuntarily redundant, Psychol. Med., 15, 789, 10.1017/S0033291700005018 · DOI
  39. Miller, 1986, The epidemiology of life events and long-term difficulties, with some reflections on the concepts of independence, Brit. J. Psychiat., 148, 686, 10.1192/bjp.148.6.686 · DOI
  40. Packman, 1986, Who Needs Care
  41. Parker, 1984, Modification of levels of depression in mother-bereaved women by parental and marriage relationships, Psychol. Med., 14, 125, 10.1017/S0033291700003123 · DOI
  42. Patterson, 1982, Coercive Family Process
  43. Patterson, 1984, The correlation of family management practices and delinquency, Child Devlpm., 55, 1299, 10.2307/1129999 · DOI
  44. Pellegrini, 1985, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry: Modern Approaches (2nd ed.)
  45. Quinton, 1984, Institutional rearing, parenting difficulties and marital support, Psychol. Med., 14, 107, 10.1017/S0033291700003111 · DOI
  46. Richman, 1982, Pre-school to School: A Behavioural Study
  47. Ricks , M.H. 1985 The social transmission of parental behavior: attachment across generations Growing Points of Attachment Theory and Research I. Bretherton E. Waters · DOI
  48. Robins, 1986, Development of Antisocial and Prosocial Behavior
  49. Rutter, 1970, The Child in His Family, Vol. 1
  50. Rutter, 1971, Parent-child separation: psychological effects on the children, J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 12, 233, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1971.tb01086.x · DOI
  51. Rutter, 1978, Human Growth and Development
  52. Rutter, 1979, Primary Prevention of Psychopathology, Vol. 3: Social Competence in Children
  53. Rutter, 1979, Separation experiences: a new look at an old topic, J. Ped., 95, 147, 10.1016/S0022-3476(79)80113-4 · DOI
  54. Rutter, 1981, Stress, coping, and development: some issues and some questions, J. Child Psychol. Psychiat., 22, 323, 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00560.x · DOI
  55. Rutter, 1982, The Concept of Development, Minnesota Symposia on Child Psychology, Vol. 15
  56. Rutter, 1983, Human Development: An Interactive Perspective
  57. Rutter, 1985, Resilience in the face of adversity: protective factors and resistance to psychiatric disorder, Brit. J. Psychiat., 147, 598, 10.1192/bjp.147.6.598 · DOI
  58. Rutter, 1987, Handbook of Infant Development (2nd ed.)
  59. Rutter , M. Intergenerational continuities and discontinuities in serious parenting difficulties Research on the Consequences of Child Maltreatment D. Cicchetti V. Carlson Cambridge University Press
  60. Rutter, 1984, Long-term follow-up of women institutionalized in childhood: factors promoting good functioning in adult life, Brit. J. Devlpm. Psychol., 18, 225
  61. Rutter, 1979, 15000 Hours: Secondary Schools and their Effects on Children
  62. Seligman, 1975, Helplessness: On Depression, Development and Death
  63. Snow, 1983, Sex-of-child differences in father-child interaction at one year of age, Child Devlpm., 54, 227, 10.2307/1129880 · DOI
  64. Stacey, 1970, Hospitals, Children and Their Families: The Report of a Pilot Study
  65. Stevenson-Hinde, 1986, The Study of Temperament: Changes, Continuities and Challenges
  66. Ursin, 1978, Psychobiology of Stress: A Study of Coping Men
  67. Walker, 1981, Effects of parental absence and institutionalization on development of clinical symptoms in high-risk children, Acta Psychiat. Scand., 63, 95, 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1981.tb00656.x · DOI
  68. West, 1982, Delinquency: Its Roots, Careers and Prospects
  69. Wilson, 1974, Parenting in poverty, Brit. J. Soc. Wk, 4, 1
  70. Wilson, 1980, Parental Supervision: a neglected aspect of delinquency, Brit. J. Criminol., 20, 203, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.bjc.a047169 · DOI
  71. Wolfer, 1979, Prehospital psychological preparation for tonsillectomy patients: effects on children's and parents' adjustment, Pediatrics, 64, 646

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Metadata

Authors
Rutter, M.
Affiliations
Medical Research Council (GB)
Corresponding author
Rutter, Michael
ORCID
Rutter, Michael
Venue
American Journal of Orthopsychiatry
Publisher
American Psychological Association (APA)
Published
1987-07
Volume
57
Issue
3
Pages
316-331
ISSN
  • 0002-9432 (ISSN-L)
  • 1939-0025
DOI
10.1111/j.1939-0025.1987.tb03541.x
OpenAlex
W1978743055
Cited by
5,831
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 131 · 2025: 178 · 2024: 158 · 2023: 160 · 2022: 194 · 2021: 208 · 2020: 247 · 2019: 224 · 2018: 201 · 2017: 184 · 2016: 239 · 2015: 258 · 2014: 250 · 2013: 208 · 2012: 257
FWCI
7.59
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • American Journal of Orthopsychiatry (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Resilience and Mental Health
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Optimism, Hope, and Well-being
  • Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health, psychology, and well-being
Keywords
psychosocial resilience, protective mechanisms, adversity, self-esteem, self-efficacy, life turning points, psychological risk
MeSH terms
Adaptation, Psychological, Defense Mechanisms, Humans, Social Adjustment

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review