Primary exposure to SARS-CoV-2 protects against reinfection in rhesus macaques
Open accessAbstract
Immunity from reinfection: One of the many open questions about severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is whether an individual who has cleared the virus can be infected a second time and get sick. Chandrashekar et al. and Deng et al. generated rhesus macaque models of SARS-CoV-2 infection and tested whether natural SARS-CoV-2 infection could result in immunity to viral rechallenge. They found that animals indeed developed immune responses that protected against a second infection. Although there are differences between SARS-CoV-2 infection in macaques and in humans, these findings have key implications for public health and economic initiatives if validated in human studies. Science , this issue p. 812 , p. 818
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In macaques, primary SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against subsequent viral challenge for at least 28-35 days, with re-exposure boosting binding and neutralizing antibodies and IFNγ secretion by T cells.
“Initial studies in macaques showed that a primary infection with SARS-CoV-2 protects against subsequent viral challenge for at least 28–35 days, with re-exposure driving memory immune responses that included boosting of binding and neutralizing antibody levels as well as of IFNγ secretion by T cells46,47.”
From Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection (2021) · cites this paper as [46]
Preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is associated with protection against reinfection in humans and in nonhuman primates.
“Preexisting immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is associated with protection against reinfection in humans (9–11) and in nonhuman primates (12, 13).”
From mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection (2021) · cites this paper as [13]
In two nonhuman primate studies, animals previously infected with SARS-CoV-2 were protected against high-dose re-challenge one month later, and protection was associated with neutralizing antibodies.
“Animals infected with SARS-CoV-2 were protected from a high dose re-challenge with SARS-CoV-2 1 month later, and protection was associated with neutralizing antibodies”
From Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 (2021) · cites this paper as Deng et al., 2020
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
A novel coronavirus from patients with pneumonia in China, 2019
Zhu, N., Zhang, D., Wang, W., Li, X., Yang, B., Song, J., Zhao, X., Huang, B., Shi, W., Lu, R., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2001017 · Cited by 28,244 · see citing works
To, K. K., Tsang, O. T.-Y., Leung, W.-S., Tam, A. R., Wu, T.-C., Lung, D. C., Yip, C. C., Cai, J., Chan, J. M., Chik, T. S., et al. (2020) · The Lancet Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(20)30196-1 · Cited by 3,045 · see citing works
Okba, N. M. A., Müller, M. A., Li, W., Wang, C., GeurtsvanKessel, C. H., Corman, V. M., Lamers, M. M., Sikkema, R. S., de Bruin, E., Chandler, F. D., et al. (2020) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2607.200841 · Cited by 1,614 · see citing works
Positive RT-PCR test results in patients recovered from COVID-19
Lan, L., Xu, D., Ye, G., Xia, C., Wang, S., Li, Y., & Xu, H. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.2783 · Cited by 1,251 · see citing works
Self-citationThe pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in hACE2 transgenic mice
Bao, L., Deng, W., Huang, B., Gao, H., Liu, J., Ren, L., Wei, Q., Yu, P., Xu, Y., Qi, F., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2312-y · Cited by 1,126 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative pathogenesis of COVID-19, MERS, and SARS in a nonhuman primate model
Rockx, B., Kuiken, T., Herfst, S., Bestebroer, T., Lamers, M. M., Oude Munnink, B. B., de Meulder, D., van Amerongen, G., van den Brand, J., Okba, N. M. A., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abb7314 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 infection protects against rechallenge in rhesus macaques
Chandrashekar, A., Liu, J., Martinot, A. J., McMahan, K., Mercado, N. B., Peter, L., Tostanoski, L. H., Yu, J., Maliga, Z., Nekorchuk, M., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc4776 · Cited by 816 · see citing works
Self-citationWu, F., Wang, A., Liu, M., Wang, Q., Chen, J., Xia, S., Ling, Y., Zhang, Y., Xun, J., Lu, L., et al. (2020) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.30.20047365 · Cited by 754 · see citing works
Self-citationRespiratory disease in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2
Munster, V. J., Feldmann, F., Williamson, B. N., van Doremalen, N., Pérez-Pérez, L., Schulz, J., Meade-White, K., Okumura, A., Callison, J., Brumbaugh, B., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2324-7 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
Clinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2
Williamson, B. N., Feldmann, F., Schwarz, B. H., Meade-White, K. D., Porter, D., Schulz, J. E., van Doremalen, N., Leighton, I. A., Yinda, C. K., Pérez-Pérez, L., et al. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2423-5 · Cited by 696 · see citing works
Antibody-dependent SARS coronavirus infection is mediated by antibodies against spike proteins
Wang, S., Tseng, S., Yen, C., Yang, J.-Y., Tsao, C.-H., Shen, C.-W., Chen, K.-H., Liu, F., Liu, W.-T., Chen, Y. A., et al. (2014) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.07.090 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of nonhuman primates identified the suitable model for COVID-19
Lu, S., Zhao, Y., Yu, W., Yang, Y., Gao, J., Wang, J., Kuang, D., Yang, M., Yang, J., Ma, C., et al. (2020) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-020-00269-6 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Self-citationAge‐related rhesus macaque models of COVID‐19
Yu, P., Qi, F., Xu, Y., Li, F., Liu, P., Liu, J., Bao, L., Deng, W., Gao, H., Xiang, Z., et al. (2020) · Animal Models and Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1002/ame2.12108 · Cited by 275 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical characteristics of recovered COVID-19 patients with re-detectable positive RNA test
An, J., Liao, X., Xiao, T., Qian, S., Yuan, J., Ye, H., Qi, F., Shen, C., Wang, L., Liu, Y., et al. (2020) · Annals of Translational Medicine · doi:10.21037/atm-20-5602 · Cited by 187 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical benefit of remdesivir in rhesus macaques infected with SARS-CoV-2Preprint
Williamson, B. N., Feldmann, F., Schwarz, B. H., Meade-White, K. D., Porter, D., Schulz, J. E., van Doremalen, N., Leighton, I. A., Yinda, C. K., Pérez-Pérez, L., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.15.043166 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Respiratory disease and virus shedding in rhesus macaques inoculated with SARS-CoV-2Preprint
Munster, V. J., Feldmann, F., Williamson, B. N., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.03.21.001628 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Clinical characteristics of the recovered COVID-19 patients with re-detectable positive RNA testPreprint
An, J., Liao, X., Xiao, T., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.03.26.20044222 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Zhou, L., Liu, K., & Liu, H. (2020) · PubMed · doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn112147-20200229-00219 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 infections among 3 species of non-human primatesPreprint
Lu, S., Zhao, Y., Yu, W., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2020.04.08.031807 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to 8 months after infection.
Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Ramirez, S. I., Haupt, S., Frazier, A., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abf4063 · Cited by 2,656 · see citing works
Folegatti, P. M., Ewer, K. J., Aley, P. K., Angus, B., Becker, S., Belij-Rammerstorfer, S., Bellamy, D., Bibi, S., Bittaye, M., Clutterbuck, E. A., et al. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31604-4 · Cited by 2,419 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in development
Krammer, F. (2020) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-020-2798-3 · Cited by 2,098 · see citing works
Adaptive immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19
Sette, A., & Crotty, S. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.007 · Cited by 1,860 · see citing works
Seow, J., Graham, C., Merrick, B., Acors, S., Pickering, S., Steel, K. J. A., Hemmings, O., O’Byrne, A., Kouphou, N., Galao, R. P., et al. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00813-8 · Cited by 1,419 · see citing works
Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months
Wajnberg, A., Amanat, F., Firpo, A., Altman, D. R., Bailey, M. J., Mansour, M., McMahon, M., Meade, P., Mendu, D. R., Muellers, K., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd7728 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Humoral Immune Response to SARS-CoV-2 in Iceland
Gudbjartsson, D. F., Norddahl, G. L., Melsted, P., Gunnarsdottir, K., Holm, H., Eythorsson, E., Arnthorsson, A. O., Helgason, D., Bjarnadottir, K., Ingvarsson, R. F., et al. (2020) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa2026116 · Cited by 903 · see citing works
Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficacy
Gu, H., Chen, Q., Yang, G., He, L., Fan, H., Deng, Y.-Q., Wang, Y., Teng, Y., Zhao, Z., Cui, Y., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abc4730 · Cited by 762 · see citing works
Self-citationXia, S., Duan, K., Zhang, Y.-T., Zhao, D.-Y., Zhang, H., Xie, Z., Li, X., Peng, C., Zhang, Y.-B., Zhang, W., et al. (2020) · Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.15543 · Cited by 765 · see citing works
COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies predict disease severity and survival
Garcia-Beltran, W., Lam, E., Astudillo, M., Yang, D., Miller, T., Feldman, J., Hauser, B., Caradonna, T. M., Clayton, K., Nitido, A. D., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.015 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Munro, A. P. S., Janani, L., Cornelius, V. R., Aley, P. K., Babbage, G., Baxter, D. N., Bula, M., Cathie, K., Chatterjee, K., Dodd, K., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)02717-3 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Self-citationImmunity, endothelial injury and complement-induced coagulopathy in COVID-19
Perico, L., Benigni, A., Casiraghi, F., Ng, L. F. P., Rénia, L., & Remuzzi, G. (2020) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/s41581-020-00357-4 · Cited by 603 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 immunity: review and applications to phase 3 vaccine candidates
Poland, G., Ovsyannikova, I., & Kennedy, R. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)32137-1 · Cited by 540 · see citing works
mRNA vaccination boosts cross-variant neutralizing antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection
Stamatatos, L., Czartoski, J., Wan, Y.-H., Homad, L. J., Rubin, V., Glantz, H., Neradilek, M., Seydoux, E., Jennewein, M. F., MacCamy, A. J., et al. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abg9175 · Cited by 557 · see citing works
Addetia, A., Crawford, K. H. D., Dingens, A., Zhu, H., Roychoudhury, P., Huang, M.-L., Jerome, K. R., Bloom, J. D., & Greninger, A. L. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.02107-20 · Cited by 525 · see citing works
REGN-COV2 antibodies prevent and treat SARS-CoV-2 infection in rhesus macaques and hamsters
Baum, A., Ajithdoss, D., Copin, R., Zhou, A., Lanza, K., Negron, N., Ni, M., Wei, Y., Mohammadi, K., Musser, B., et al. (2020) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abe2402 · Cited by 517 · see citing works
COVID-19: Discovery, diagnostics and drug development
Asselah, T., Durantel, D., Pasmant, É., Lau, G. K. K., & Schinazi, R. F. (2020) · Journal of Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.jhep.2020.09.031 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
The first 12 months of COVID-19: a timeline of immunological insights
Carvalho, T., Krammer, F., & Iwasaki, A. (2021) · Nature reviews. Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00522-1 · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Multi-organ proteomic landscape of COVID-19 autopsies
Nie, X., Qian, L.-J., Sun, R., Huang, B., Dong, X., Xiao, Q., Zhang, Q.-S., Lu, T., Yue, L., Chen, S., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.01.004 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Self-citationEvolution of immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 in mild-moderate COVID-19
Wheatley, A. K., Juno, J. A., Wang, J. J., Selva, K. J., Reynaldi, A., Tan, H.-X., Lee, W. S., Wragg, K. M., Kelly, H. G., Esterbauer, R., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21444-5 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Potential intestinal infection and faecal–oral transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Guo, M., Tao, W., Flavell, R. A., & Zhu, S. (2021) · Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1038/s41575-021-00416-6 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Correlates of protection against SARS ‐ CoV ‐2 infection and COVID‐19 disease
Goldblatt, D., Alter, G., Crotty, S., & Plotkin, S. A. (2022) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/imr.13091 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Prendecki, M., Clarke, C., Brown, J., Cox, A., Gleeson, S., Guckian, M., Randell, P., Pria, A. D., Lightstone, L., Xu, X.-N., et al. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00502-x · Cited by 271 · see citing works
A therapeutic neutralizing antibody targeting receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Kim, C.-M., Ryu, D.-K., Lee, J., Kim, Y., Seo, J. M., Kim, Y., Jeong, J.-H., Kim, M., Kim, J.-I., Kim, P., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20602-5 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Hoepel, W., Chen, H., Geyer, C. E., Allahverdiyeva, S., Manz, X. D., de Taeye, S. W., Aman, J., Mes, L., Steenhuis, M., Griffith, G. R., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abf8654 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Prospects for durable immune control of SARS-CoV-2 and prevention of reinfection
Cromer, D., Juno, J. A., Khoury, D., Reynaldi, A., Wheatley, A. K., Kent, S. J., & Davenport, M. P. (2021) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-021-00550-x · Cited by 265 · see citing works
A smartphone-read ultrasensitive and quantitative saliva test for COVID-19
Ning, B., Yu, T., Zhang, S., Huang, Z. J., Tian, D., Lin, Z. N., Niu, A., Golden, N., Hensley, K., Threeton, B., et al. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abe3703 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Self-citationHumoral Responses and Serological Assays in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Galipeau, Y., Greig, M., Liu, G., Driedger, M., & Langlois, M.-A. (2020) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2020.610688 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Du, S., Cao, Y., Zhu, Q.-Y., Yu, P., Qi, F.-F., Wang, G., Du, X., Bao, L., Deng, W., Zhu, H., et al. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.035 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Self-citationZhang, M., Wang, P., Luo, R., Wang, Y., Li, Z., Guo, Y., Yao, Y., Li, M., Tao, T., Chen, W., et al. (2021) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202002928 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Establishment of an African green monkey model for COVID-19 and protection against reinfection
Woolsey, C. B., Borisevich, V., Prasad, A., Agans, K., Deer, D., Dobias, N. S., Heymann, J., Foster, S., Levine, C. B., Medina, L. O., et al. (2020) · Nature Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41590-020-00835-8 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Feng, L.-Q., Wang, Q., Chao, S., Yang, C., Feng, Y., Wu, J., Liu, X., Zhou, Y., Jiang, R.-D., Hu, P., et al. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-18077-5 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
Self-citationSARS-CoV-2 Epitopes Are Recognized by a Public and Diverse Repertoire of Human T Cell Receptors
Shomuradova, A. S., Vagida, M. S., Sheetikov, S. A., Zornikova, K. V., Kiryukhin, D. O., Titov, A., Peshkova, I. O., Khmelevskaya, A. A., Dianov, D. V., Malasheva, M., et al. (2020) · Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2020.11.004 · Cited by 222 · see citing works
COVID-19 and the Path to Immunity
Stephens, D. S., & McElrath, M. J. (2020) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2020.16656 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Rhee, C., Kanjilal, S., Baker, M. A., & Klompas, M. (2020) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa1249 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Responses to acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the lungs of rhesus macaques, baboons and marmosets
Singh, D. K., Singh, B., Ganatra, S. R., Gazi, M., Cole, J., Thippeshappa, R., Alfson, K. J., Clemmons, E., Gonzalez, O., Escobedo, R., et al. (2020) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-020-00841-4 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Decline of Humoral Responses against SARS-CoV-2 Spike in Convalescent Individuals
Beaudoin-Bussières, G., Laumaea, A., Anand, S. P., Prévost, J., Gasser, R., Goyette, G., Medjahed, H., Perreault, J., Tremblay, T., Lewin, A., et al. (2020) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02590-20 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Ryan, K. A., Bewley, K. R., Fotheringham, S. A., Slack, G. S., Brown, P. J., Hall, Y., Wand, N. I. V., Marriott, A. C., Cavell, B. E., Tree, J. A., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-20439-y · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Public mental health problems during COVID-19 pandemic: a large-scale meta-analysis of the evidence
Liu, X., Zhu, M., Zhang, R., Zhang, J., Zhang, C., Liu, P., Feng, Z., & Chen, Z. (2021) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-021-01501-9 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Self-citationComparative ACE2 variation and primate COVID-19 risk
Melin, A. D., Janiak, M. C., Marrone, F., Arora, P. S., & Higham, J. P. (2020) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-020-01370-w · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Lu, J., Peng, J.-J., Xiong, Q.-L., Liu, Z., Lin, H.-F., Tan, X.-H., Kang, M., Yuan, R.-Y., Zeng, L., Zhou, P., et al. (2020) · medRxiv · doi:10.1016/j.ebiom.2020.102960 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Nambulli, S., Xiang, Y., Tilston-Lunel, N. L., Rennick, L., Sang, Z., Klimstra, W., Reed, D., Crossland, N., Shi, Y., & Duprex, W. P. (2021) · Science Advances · doi:10.1126/sciadv.abh0319 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
An Overview of SARS-CoV-2 and Animal Infection
Mahdy, M. A. A., Younis, W., & Ewaida, Z. M. (2020) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.596391 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Schwarzkopf, S., Krawczyk, A., Knop, D., Klump, H., Heinold, A., Heinemann, F. M., Thümmler, L., Temme, C., Breyer, M., Witzke, O., et al. (2020) · Emerging infectious diseases · doi:10.3201/2701.203772 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Persistent cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection
Breton, G., Mendoza, P., Hägglöf, T., Oliveira, T. Y., Schaefer-Babajew, D., Gaebler, C., Turroja, M., Hurley, A., Caskey, M., & Nussenzweig, M. C. (2021) · Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20202515 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Blockchain-Based Solution for COVID-19 Digital Medical Passports and Immunity Certificates
Hasan, H. R., Salah, K., Jayaraman, R., Arshad, J., Yaqoob, I., Omar, M., & Ellahham, S. H. (2020) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2020.3043350 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
COVID-19 vaccines for patients with cancer: benefits likely outweigh risks
Hwang, J. K., Zhang, T., Wang, A. Z., & Li, Z. (2021) · Journal of Hematology & Oncology · doi:10.1186/s13045-021-01046-w · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Immunological memory to SARS-CoV-2 assessed for up to eight months after infection.
Dan, J. M., Mateus, J., Kato, Y., Hastie, K. M., Yu, E. D., Faliti, C. E., Grifoni, A., Ramirez, S. I., Haupt, S., Frazier, A., et al. (2020) · eScholarship (California Digital Library) · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Protective humoral and cellular immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 persist up to 1 year after recovery
Feng, C., Shi, J., Fan, Q., Wang, Y., Huang, H., Chen, F., Tang, G., Li, Y., Li, P., Li, J. J., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-25312-0 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, S., Li, W., Wang, Z., Yang, W., Li, E., Xia, X., Yan, F., & Chiu, S. (2024) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-024-01917-x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Self-citationYou, M., Chen, L., Zhang, D., Zhao, P., Chen, Z., Qin, E., Gao, Y., Davis, M. M., & Yang, P. (2021) · Nature Cell Biology · doi:10.1038/s41556-021-00690-1 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Measuring immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection: comparing assays and animal models
Khoury, D. S., Wheatley, A. K., Ramuta, M. D., Reynaldi, A., Cromer, D., Subbarao, K., O’Connor, D. H., Kent, S. J., & Davenport, M. P. (2020) · Nature Reviews Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41577-020-00471-1 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Carrillo, J., Izquierdo‐Useros, N., Ávila‐Nieto, C., Pradenas, E., Clotet, B., & Blanco, J. (2020) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2020.10.108 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Risk of human‐to‐wildlife transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2
Gryseels, S., Bruyn, L. D., Gyselings, R., Calvignac‐Spencer, S., Leendertz, F. H., & Leirs, H. (2020) · Mammal Review · doi:10.1111/mam.12225 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Yang, Y., Yang, M.-H., Peng, Y., Liang, Y.-J., Wei, J.-L., Xing, L., Guo, L., Li, X.-H., Li, J., Wang, J., et al. (2022) · Nature Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41564-021-01051-2 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, Z., Zhou, J., Xu, W., Deng, W., Wang, Y., Wang, M., Wang, Q., Hsieh, M. K., Dong, J., Wang, X., et al. (2022) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-022-00612-2 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Self-citationWang, G., Yang, M.-L., Duan, Z.-L., Liu, F.-L., Jin, L., Long, C.-B., Zhang, M., Tang, X.-P., Xu, L., Li, Y.-C., et al. (2020) · Cell Research · doi:10.1038/s41422-020-00450-0 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of virus genetic variability and host immunity for the success of COVID-19 vaccines
dos Santos, W. G. (2021) · Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111272 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Reinfection in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review
Ren, X., Zhou, J., Guo, J., Hao, C., Zheng, M., Zhang, R., Huang, Q. Y., Yao, X., Li, R., & Jin, Y. (2022) · Global Health Research and Policy · doi:10.1186/s41256-022-00245-3 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Animal models in SARS-CoV-2 research
Chu, H., Chan, J. F.-W., & Yuen, K.-Y. (2022) · Nature Methods · doi:10.1038/s41592-022-01447-w · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with protection against symptomatic reinfection
Hanrath, A. T., Payne, B. A. I., & Duncan, C. J. A. (2020) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2020.12.023 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
The immunology of SARS-CoV-2 infections and vaccines
Grigoryan, L., & Pulendran, B. (2020) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2020.101422 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Trinité, B., Tarrés-Freixas, F., Rodón, J., Pradenas, E., Urrea, V., Marfil, S., de la Concepción, M. L. R., Ávila-Nieto, C., Aguilar-Gurrieri, C., Barajas, A., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-81862-9 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Sokol, H., Contreras, V., Maisonnasse, P., Desmons, A., Delache, B., Sencio, V., Machelart, A., Brisebarre, A., Humbert, L., Deryuter, L., et al. (2021) · Gut microbes · doi:10.1080/19490976.2021.1893113 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Natural and Experimental SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Domestic and Wild Animals
Meekins, D., Gaudreault, N., & Richt, J. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13101993 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Stamatatos, L., Czartoski, J., Wan, Y.-H., Homad, L. J., Rubin, V., Glantz, H., Neradilek, M., Seydoux, E., Jennewein, M. F., MacCamy, A. J., et al. (2021) · doi:10.1101/2021.02.05.21251182 · Cited by 559 · see citing works
Advances in gene-based vaccine platforms to address the COVID-19 pandemic
Pushparajah, D., Jimenez, S., Wong, S. L., Alattas, H., Nafissi, N., & Slavcev, R. A. (2021) · Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.addr.2021.01.003 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
A statistical analysis of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) in Italy and Spain
Chu, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0249037 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Replication, pathogenicity, and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in minks
Shuai, L., Zhong, G., Yuan, Q., Wen, Z., Wang, C., He, X.-J., Liu, R., Wang, J.-L., Zhao, Q.-J., Liu, Y.-X., et al. (2020) · National Science Review · doi:10.1093/nsr/nwaa291 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationCOVID‐19: Current knowledge in clinical features, immunological responses, and vaccine development
Singh, R., Kang, A., Luo, X.-Q., Jeyanathan, M., Gillgrass, A., Afkhami, S., & Xing, Z. (2021) · The FASEB Journal · doi:10.1096/fj.202002662r · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Correlates of protection from SARS-CoV-2 infection
Krammer, F. (2021) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00782-0 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Durable SARS-CoV-2 B cell immunity after mild or severe disease.
Ogega, C., Skinner, N. E., Blair, P., Park, H.-S., Littlefield, K., Ganesan, A., Dhakal, S., Ladiwala, P., Antar, A., Ray, S., et al. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci145516 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Algaissi, A., Alfaleh, M. A., Hala, S., Abujamel, T. S., Alamri, S. S., Almahboub, S., Alluhaybi, K., Hobani, H. I., Alsulaiman, R. M., Alharbi, R. H., et al. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-73491-5 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Zucman, N., Uhel, F., Descamps, D., Roux, D., & Ricard, J.-D. (2021) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/ciab129 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Rosa, R. B., Dantas, W. M., do Nascimento, J. C. F., da Silva, M. V., de Oliveira, R. N., & Pena, L. (2021) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v13030379 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
COVID-19 makes B cells forget, but T cells remember
Cañete, P. F., & Vinuesa, C. G. (2020) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.013 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Varghese, P. M., Tsolaki, A. G., Yasmin, H., Shastri, A., Ferluga, J., Vatish, M., Madan, T., & Kishore, U. (2020) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/j.imbio.2020.152008 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Kim, S. I., Noh, J., Kim, S., Choi, Y., Yoo, D. K., Lee, Y., Lee, H., Jung, J., Kang, C. K., Song, K., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd6990 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Jin, P., Li, J., Pan, H., Wu, Y.-F., & Zhu, F. (2021) · Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy · doi:10.1038/s41392-021-00481-y · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Animal models for SARS-CoV-2 research: A comprehensive literature review
Pandey, K., Acharya, A., Mohan, M., Ng, C. L., Reid, S., & Byrareddy, S. (2020) · Transboundary and Emerging Diseases · doi:10.1111/tbed.13907 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines for those most vulnerable
Koff, W. C., Schenkelberg, T., Williams, T. M., Baric, R. S., McDermott, A. B., Cameron, C., Cameron, M. J., Frieman, M. B., Neumann, G., Kawaoka, Y., et al. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abd1525 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Vaccine-Associated Enhanced Disease and Pathogenic Human Coronaviruses
Gartlan, C., Tipton, T., Salguero, F., Sattentau, Q., Gorringe, A., & Carroll, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Immunology · doi:10.3389/fimmu.2022.882972 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Tan, H.-X., Juno, J., Lee, W., Barber-Axthelm, I. M., Kelly, H. G., Wragg, K. M., Esterbauer, R., Amarasena, T. H., Mordant, F., Subbarao, K., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-21665-8 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
COVID-19 Vaccines: Adenoviral Vectors
Jacob-Dolan, C., & Barouch, D. H. (2021) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev-med-012621-102252 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Dynamics of CD4 T Cell and Antibody Responses in COVID-19 Patients With Different Disease Severity
Koblischke, M., Traugott, M., Medits, I., Spitzer, F. S., Zoufaly, A., Weseslindtner, L., Simonitsch, C., Seitz, T., Hoepler, W., Puchhammer-Stöckl, E., et al. (2020) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2020.592629 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Li, C., Yu, D., Wu, X. J., Hong, L., Zhou, Z., Xie, Y., Li, T., Wu, J., Lu, F., Feng, L. Z., et al. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-24230-5 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Oguntuyo, K., Stevens, C., Hung, C.-T., Ikegame, S., Acklin, J. A., Kowdle, S., Carmichael, J. C., Chiu, H.-P., Azarm, K. D., Haas, G. D., et al. (2021) · mBio · doi:10.1128/mbio.02492-20 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A defective viral genome strategy elicits broad protective immunity against respiratory viruses
Xiao, Y., Lidsky, P. V., Shirogane, Y., Aviner, R., Wu, C.-T., Li, W., Zheng, W., Talbot, D., Catching, A., Doitsh, G., et al. (2021) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2021.11.023 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Development of a coronavirus disease 2019 nonhuman primate model using airborne exposure
Johnston, S. C., Ricks, K. M., Jay, A. N., Raymond, J. L., Rossi, F., Zeng, X., Scruggs, J. L., Dyer, D. N., Frick, O. M., Koehler, J. W., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246366 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Microfluidic Organs-on-a-Chip for Modeling Human Infectious Diseases
Wang, Y., Wang, P., & Qin, J. (2021) · Accounts of Chemical Research · doi:10.1021/acs.accounts.1c00411 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Waning antibody responses in COVID-19: what can we learn from the analysis of other coronaviruses?
Hamady, A., Lee, J., & Loboda, Z. (2021) · Infection · doi:10.1007/s15010-021-01664-z · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Structural and functional modelling of SARS-CoV-2 entry in animal models
Brooke, G. N., & Prischi, F. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72528-z · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Zheng, J., Deng, Y., Zhao, Z., Mao, B., Lu, M.-J., Lin, Y., & Huang, A.-L. (2021) · Cellular & Molecular Immunology · doi:10.1038/s41423-021-00774-w · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Zoonotic and Reverse Zoonotic Transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2
Goraichuk, I. V., Arefiev, V. L., Stegniy, B. Т., & Gerilovych, A. (2021) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198473 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Chen, A., Wang, C., Zhu, W.-L., & Chen, W. (2022) · Aging and Disease · doi:10.14336/ad.2021.0704 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2: vaccines in the pandemic era
Li, D., & Li, Q.-H. (2021) · Military Medical Research · doi:10.1186/s40779-020-00296-y · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Almendro-Vázquez, P., Laguna‐Goya, R., Ruiz‐Ruigómez, M., Utrero‐Rico, A., Lalueza, A., de la Calle, G. M., Delgado, P., Ordoño, L. P., Muro, E., Vila, J. J., et al. (2021) · PLoS Pathogens · doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1010211 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
SARS-CoV-2 Causes a Systemically Multiple Organs Damages and Dissemination in Hamsters
Song, Z., Bao, L., Yü, P., Qi, F., Gong, S., Wang, J., Zhao, B., Liu, M., Han, Y., Deng, W., et al. (2021) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.618891 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationde Morais, H. A., dos Santos, A. P., do Nascimento, N. C., Kmetiuk, L. B., Barbosa, D. S., Brandão, P. E., Guimarães, A. M. S., Pettan-Brewer, C., & Biondo, A. W. (2020) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2020.591216 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
- Authors
- Deng, W., Bao, L., Liu, J., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Xue, J., Lv, Q., Qi, F., Gao, H., Yu, P., Xu, Y., Qu, Y., Li, F., Xiang, Z., Yu, H., Gong, S., Liu, M., Wang, G., Wang, S., Song, Z., Liu, Y., Zhao, W., Han, Y., Zhao, L., Liu, X., Wei, Q., & Qin, C.
- Affiliations
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College (CN)
- Capital Medical University (CN)
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Remerging Infectious Diseases, NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Center, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Corresponding author
- Deng, Wei
- Bao, Linlin
- Liu, Jiangning
- Xiao, Chong
- Liu, Jiayi
- Xue, Jing
- Lv, Qi
- Qin, Chuan
- ORCID
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 2020-08-14
- Volume
- 369
- Issue
- 6505
- Pages
- 818-823
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- PMC
- PMC7402625
- OpenAlex
- W3038698073
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 16
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 41 · 2022: 84 · 2021: 176 · 2020: 104
- FWCI
- 13.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National key research and development project of China (2016YFD0500304)
- National Mega projects of China for Major Infectious Diseases (2017ZX10304402)
- CAMS Initiative for Innovative Medicine of China (2016-I2M-2-006)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › COVID-19 Clinical Research Studies
- Keywords
- SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 pandemic, reinfection, rhesus monkeys, primary infection, drug rechallenge, neutralizing antibodies, humoral immunity, cell-mediated immunity, interstitial lung disease, viral dissemination, convalescence
- MeSH terms
- Betacoronavirus, Host Microbial Interactions, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Animals, Antibodies, Viral, Anal Canal, Disease Models, Animal, Immunity, Cellular, Lung, Macaca mulatta, Nasopharynx, Pneumonia, Viral, Recurrence, Virus Replication, B-Lymphocyte Subsets, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Lung Diseases, Interstitial, Coronavirus Infections, Viral Load, Immunity, Humoral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Pandemics
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
