Correlates of protection induced by vaccination

Plotkin, Stanley A.

doi:10.1128/cvi.00131-10

Cited by 1,745Immune responses and vaccinationsT-cell and B-cell ImmunologyImmunotherapy and Immune Responses

Correlates of protection induced by vaccination

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Plotkin, Stanley A.·2010·Clinical and Vaccine Immunology

DOI 10.1128/cvi.00131-10PMC PMC2897268

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Abstract

This paper attempts to summarize current knowledge about immune responses to vaccines that correlate with protection. Although the immune system is redundant, almost all current vaccines work through antibodies in serum or on mucosa that block infection or bacteremia/viremia and thus provide a correlate of protection. The functional characteristics of antibodies, as well as quantity, are important. Antibody may be highly correlated with protection or synergistic with other functions. Immune memory is a critical correlate: effector memory for short-incubation diseases and central memory for long-incubation diseases. Cellular immunity acts to kill or suppress intracellular pathogens and may also synergize with antibody. For some vaccines, we have no true correlates, but only useful surrogates, for an unknown protective response.

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Neutralizing antibodies correlate with protection against COVID-19.
“Antibodies are critical for defence against viruses and nAbs have been shown to correlate with protection against COVID-1918,19 to inform immunization schedules20.”
From Efficacy of an unmodified bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in female small animal models (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
Multivalent influenza and cytomegalovirus mRNA vaccines have shown that integration of multiple antigens can lead to robust nAb responses in pre-clinical models which correlate with protection for multiple vaccines.
“Multivalent influenza21 and cytomegalovirus22 mRNA vaccines have shown that integration of multiple antigens can lead to robust nAb responses in pre-clinical models which correlate with protection for multiple vaccines18,23.”
From Efficacy of an unmodified bivalent mRNA vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 variants in female small animal models (2023) · cites this paper as [18]
Neutralizing antibodies are sufficient to prevent dissemination of many diseases within populations.
“It has been demonstrated that neutralizing antibodies are sufficient to prevent dissemination of many diseases within populations (Plotkin, 2010).”
From mRNA mediates passive vaccination against infectious agents, toxins, and tumors (2017) · cites this paper as Plotkin, 2010
Neutralizing antibody levels correlate with protection against many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 in humans, and high neutralizing titers are particularly important for protection against novel circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants.
“The role of neutralizing antibodies is in particular crucial because neutralizing antibody levels correlate with protection against many viruses including SARS-CoV-2 in humans [35,36]; recent data suggest that high neutralizing titers are particularly important for protection against novel circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants conferring immune escape [37][38][39].”
From Age-dependent Immune Response to the Biontech/Pfizer BNT162b2 Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination (2021) · cites this paper as [35]

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Authors: Plotkin, S. A.
Affiliations: University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author: Plotkin, Stanley A.
ORCID: Plotkin, Stanley A.
Venue: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology
Publisher: American Society for Microbiology
Published: 2010-07
Volume: 17
Issue: 7
Pages: 1055-1065
ISSN: 1556-679X (ISSN-L)
1556-6811
DOI: 10.1128/cvi.00131-10
PMC: PMC2897268
OpenAlex: W2160358721
Cited by: 1,745
References: 205
Citations by year: 2026: 128 · 2025: 123 · 2024: 121 · 2023: 139 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 183 · 2020: 137 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 94 · 2017: 101 · 2016: 77 · 2015: 96 · 2014: 75 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 61
FWCI: 4.99
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: journals.asm.org/non-commercial-tdm-license (tdm)
Locations: Clinical and Vaccine Immunology (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immune responses and vaccinations
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Immunotherapy and Immune Responses
Keywords: correlates of protection, vaccine response, antibody function, mucosal antibodies, immunological memory, effector memory T cells, central memory T cells, cell-mediated immunity, intracellular pathogens, antibody synergy, surrogate markers
MeSH terms: Antibodies, Humans, Immunity, Immunity, Cellular, Immunologic Memory, Vaccines

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Correlates of protection induced by vaccination

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