Cited by 408Health disparities and outcomesPublic Health and Social InequalitiesEmployment and Welfare Studies

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Socioeconomic Status and Health: Mediating and Moderating Factors

Chen, Edith, Miller, Gregory E.·2013·Annual Review of Clinical Psychology

DOI 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185634

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Abstract

Health disparities (differences in health by socioeconomic groups) are a pressing issue in our society. This article provides an overview of a multilevel approach that seeks to understand the mechanisms underlying health disparities by considering factors at the individual, family, and neighborhood levels. In addition, we describe an approach to connecting these factors to various levels of biological processes (systemic inflammation, cellular processes, and genomic pathways) that drive disease pathophysiology. In the second half of the article, we address the question of why some low-socioeconomic-status (low-SES) individuals manage to maintain good physical health. We identify naturally occurring psychosocial factors that help buffer these individuals from adverse physiological responses and pathogenic processes leading to chronic disease. What is protective for low-SES individuals is not the same as what is protective for high-SES individuals, and this needs to be taken into account in interventions aimed at reducing health disparities.

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Authors: Chen, E., & Miller, G. E.
Affiliations: Northwestern University (US)
ORCID: Chen, Edith
Miller, Gregory E.
Venue: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology
Publisher: Annual Reviews
Published: 2013-03-28
Volume: 9
Issue: 1
Pages: 723-749
ISSN: 1548-5943 (ISSN-L)
1548-5951
DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185634
OpenAlex: W2142659997
Semantic Scholar: e45723175f706c8b17c3b99a218204d7463a4076
Cited by: 402
References: 175
Citations by year: 2026: 21 · 2025: 38 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 32 · 2022: 37 · 2021: 36 · 2020: 41 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 19 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 3
FWCI: 2.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Annual Review of Clinical Psychology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (FRN: 97872)
National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (HD058502, R01HD058502)
Topics: Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
Social Sciences › Health › Public Health and Social Inequalities
Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Employment and Welfare Studies
Keywords: socioeconomic status, health disparities, low socioeconomic status, multilevel analysis, neighborhood effects, family factors, systemic inflammation, genomic pathways, cellular processes, disease pathophysiology, protective factors, psychosocial factors, chronic disease, health interventions
MeSH terms: Humans, Social Class, Social Environment, Stress, Psychological, Health Status Disparities, Resilience, Psychological

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Socioeconomic Status and Health: Mediating and Moderating Factors

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