The DOI matches its Crossref record; 230 of the 230 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Fear Extinction as a Model for Translational Neuroscience: Ten Years of Progress
Open accessAbstract
The psychology of extinction has been studied for decades. Approximately 10 years ago, however, there began a concerted effort to understand the neural circuits of extinction of fear conditioning, in both animals and humans. Progress during this period has been facilitated by a high degree of coordination between rodent and human researchers examining fear extinction. Here we review the major advances and highlight new approaches to understanding and exploiting fear extinction. Research in fear extinction could serve as a model for translational research in other areas of behavioral neuroscience.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“A closely related domain of research on conditioning and extinction in both rodents and humans also suggests that ventromedial PFC (vmPFC), an area neighboring rACC, supports extinction while cACC supports increased aversive processing (Milad and Quirk, 2012; see Figure 7).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Milad and Quirk, 2012
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The vmPFC is proposed to be the homologue for the IL in rodents [87] and serves to inhibit threat responses produced by the amygdala.”
From Prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and threat processing: implications for PTSD (2022) · cites this paper as [87]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The vmPFC is thought to modulate amygdala processing of conditioned fear by suppressing fear responses through a set of amygdala neurons in the intercalated region between the basolateral and central amygdala nucleus (Milad and Quirk, 2012).”
From Top-Down Dysregulation—From ADHD to Emotional Instability (2016) · cites this paper as Milad and Quirk, 2012
In the citing paper
“The vmPFC is activated during retrieval of extinction learning and down-regulates the amygdala”
From Childhood adversity and neural development: Deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience (2014) · cites this paper as Milad and Quirk, 2012
In the citing paper
“Therefore, in PTSD, there is both hyperactivation of the fear expression and hypoactivation of the extinction memory networks [59, 60].”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“However, rather than erasing the CS-US association, extinction represents formation of a new memory, an “extinction memory,” signifying “CS-no US,” that competitively inhibits the memory of the CS-US contingency and expression of its associated CR when the CS is again encountered [51–59].”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“A deficit in the ability to encode, consolidate, or retrieve extinction memory is believed to play a role in the development and perpetuation of such disorders [6, 59, 61, 87].”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Neuroimaging research using de novo fear-conditioning and extinction paradigms has revealed areas in the brain associated with experiencing conditioned fear (a “fear expression network”) in the amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and other areas associated with memory for the extinction (inhibition) of this fear (an “extinction memory network”) that includes the hippocampus and”
From Sleep and REM sleep disturbance in the pathophysiology of PTSD: the role of extinction memory (2015) · cites this paper as [59]
In the citing paper
“Brain circuitry at the core of threat discrimination learning includes areas within the amygdala and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC)1.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“During threat extinction training, the CS is presented without the aversive outcome, which results in reduced amygdala responses to the CS over time3, with the mPFC playing a critical role1,4,5.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
In the citing paper
“During threat extinction training, the CS is presented without the aversive outcome, which results in reduced amygdala responses to the CS over time3, with the mPFC playing a critical role1,4,5.”
From Multimodal evidence for delayed threat extinction learning in adolescence and young adulthood (2019) · cites this paper as [1]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
LeDoux, J. E. (2000) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.23.1.155 · Cited by 8,444
Insel, T., Cuthbert, B., Garvey, M., Heinssen, R., Pine, D. S., Quinn, K., Sanislow, C., & Wang, P. (2010) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.09091379 · Cited by 7,067
Functional connectivity in the resting brain: a network analysis of the default mode hypothesis
Greicius, M. D., Krasnow, B., Reiss, A. L., & Menon, V. (2003) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0135058100 · Cited by 6,358
Psychophysiological and Modulatory Interactions in Neuroimaging
Friston, K. J., Buechel, C., Fink, G. R., Morris, J., Rolls, E., & Dolan, R. J. (1997) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.1997.0291 · Cited by 3,097
Emotional processing in anterior cingulate and medial prefrontal cortex
Etkin, A., Egner, T., & Kalisch, R. (2011) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2010.11.004 · Cited by 3,059 · cited 1×
“Numerous reviews on molecular mechanisms of extinction, clinical relevance, and inhibition circuitry within the amygdala have recently appeared (Pape & Paré 2010, Herry et al 2010, Sotres-Bayon & Quirk 2010, Myers et al 2011, Etkin et al 2011).”
BackgroundTrauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in the Community: The 1996 Detroit Area Survey of Trauma
Breslau, N., Kessler, R. C., Chilcoat, H. D., Schultz, L. R., Davis, G. C., & Andreski, P. (1998) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.55.7.626 · Cited by 2,407
Whalen, P. J., Rauch, S. L., Etcoff, N. L., McInerney, S. C., Lee, M. B., & Jenike, M. A. (1998) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-01-00411.1998 · Cited by 2,205
Resting-State Functional Connectivity Reflects Structural Connectivity in the Default Mode Network
Greicius, M. D., Supekar, K., Menon, V., & Dougherty, R. F. (2009) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhn059 · Cited by 2,175
Integrative activity of the brain
Konorski, J. (1967) · University of Chicago Press eBooks · Cited by 2,043
Pezawas, L., Meyer-Lindenberg, A., Drabant, E. M., Verchinski, B. A., Munoz, K. E., Kolachana, B. S., Egan, M. F., Mattay, V. S., Hariri, A. R., & Weinberger, D. R. (2005) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1463 · Cited by 1,980
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–200 of 1,002
How the amygdala affects emotional memory by altering brain network properties
Hermans, E. J., Battaglia, F. P., Atsak, P., de Voogd, L. D., Fernández, G., & Roozendaal, B. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.02.005 · Cited by 173
Zhang, J.-E., Tan, L., Ren, Y., Liang, J., Lin, R., Feng, Q., Zhou, J., Hu, F., Ren, J., Wei, C., et al. (2016) · Cell · doi:10.1016/j.cell.2016.06.026 · Cited by 170
The role of rapid eye movement sleep for amygdala-related memory processing
Genzel, L., Spoormaker, V. I., Konrad, B. N., & Dresler, M. (2015) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2015.01.008 · Cited by 161
Milad, M. R., Rosenbaum, B. L., & Simon, N. M. (2014) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2014.08.006 · Cited by 175
Self-citationDysregulation of inflammation, neurobiology, and cognitive function in PTSD: an integrative review
Quiñones-Cordero, M. M., Gallegos, A. M., Lin, F. V., & Heffner, K. L. (2020) · Cognitive Affective & Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3758/s13415-020-00782-9 · Cited by 172
Fear conditioning and extinction across development: Evidence from human studies and animal models
Shechner, T., Hong, M., Britton, J. C., Pine, D. S., & Fox, N. A. (2014) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.04.001 · Cited by 170
Low-Cost Avoidance Behaviors are Resistant to Fear Extinction in Humans
Vervliet, B., & Indekeu, E. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00351 · Cited by 157
Goldfarb, E. V., Seo, D., & Sinha, R. (2019) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2019.100177 · Cited by 167
Prefrontal Cortex Stimulation Enhances Fear Extinction Memory in Humans
Raij, T., Nummenmaa, A., Marin, M.-F., Porter, D., Furtak, S., Setsompop, K., & Milad, M. R. (2018) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.10.022 · Cited by 156
Self-citationA distributed fMRI-based signature for the subjective experience of fear
Zhou, F., Zhao, W., Qi, Z., Geng, Y., Yao, S., Kendrick, K. M., Wager, T. D., & Becker, B. (2021) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-021-26977-3 · Cited by 155
Deficient safety learning characterizes high trait anxious individuals
Gazendam, F. J., Kamphuis, J. H., & Kindt, M. (2012) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.11.006 · Cited by 168
Nothing is safe: Intolerance of uncertainty is associated with compromised fear extinction learning
Morriss, J., Christakou, A., & van Reekum, C. M. (2016) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.05.001 · Cited by 152
Boccia, M., D’Amico, S., Bianchini, F., Marano, A., Giannini, A. M., & Piccardi, L. (2015) · Brain Imaging and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s11682-015-9387-3 · Cited by 155
Can fear extinction be enhanced? A review of pharmacological and behavioral findings
Fitzgerald, P. J., Seemann, J. R., & Maren, S. (2013) · Brain Research Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2013.12.007 · Cited by 167
Marin, M., Zsido, R. G., Song, H., Lasko, N. B., Killgore, W. D. S., Rauch, S. L., Simon, N. M., & Milad, M. R. (2017) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2017.0329 · Cited by 151
Self-citationLearning to learn – Intrinsic plasticity as a metaplasticity mechanism for memory formation
Sehgal, M., Song, C., Ehlers, V. L., & Moyer, J. R. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.07.008 · Cited by 161
Rabinak, C. A., Angstadt, M., Lyons, M., Mori, S., Milad, M. R., Liberzon, I., & Phan, K. L. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.09.009 · Cited by 148
Self-citationFear, anxiety, and their disorders from the perspective of psychophysiology
Hamm, A. O. (2019) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/psyp.13474 · Cited by 148
Pittig, A., Wong, A. H. K., Glück, V. M., & Boschet, J. M. (2020) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2020.103550 · Cited by 148
The neurobiology of human fear generalization: meta-analysis and working neural model
Webler, R. D., Berg, H. E., Fhong, K., Tuominen, L. J., Holt, D. J., Morey, R. A., Lange, I., Burton, P. C., Fullana, M. A., Raduà, J., et al. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.035 · Cited by 153
Amygdala habituation and prefrontal functional connectivity in youth with autism spectrum disorders
Swartz, J. R., Wiggins, J. L., Carrasco, M., Lord, C., & Monk, C. S. (2013) · Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.10.012 · Cited by 146
Sangha, S., Diehl, M. M., Bergstrom, H. C., & Drew, M. R. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.006 · Cited by 151
Acheson, D., Feifel, D., de Wilde, S., Mckinney, R., Lohr, J., & Risbrough, V. (2013) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-013-3099-4 · Cited by 141
Individual differences in recovery from traumatic fear
Holmes, A., & Singewald, N. (2012) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2012.11.003 · Cited by 147
Deep brain stimulation of the ventral striatum enhances extinction of conditioned fear
Rodríguez-Romaguera, J., Monte, F. H. D., & Quirk, G. J. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1200782109 · Cited by 146
Self-citationThe centrality of fear extinction in linking risk factors to PTSD: A narrative review
Zuj, D. V., Palmer, M. A., Lommen, M. J. J., & Felmingham, K. L. (2016) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.07.014 · Cited by 153
Jin, J., & Maren, S. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep08388 · Cited by 150
Pain-relief learning in flies, rats, and man: basic research and applied perspectivesPreprint
Gerber, B., Yarali, A., Diegelmann, S., Wotjak, C. T., Pauli, P., & Fendt, M. (2014) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.032995.113 · Cited by 145
Individual-specific functional connectivity of the amygdala: A substrate for precision psychiatry
Sylvester, C. M., Yu, Q., Srivastava, A. B., Marek, S., Zheng, A., Alexopoulos, D., Smyser, C. D., Shimony, J. S., Ortega, M., Dierker, D. L., et al. (2020) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1910842117 · Cited by 139
Role of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in aversive learning and memoryPreprint
Goode, T. D., & Maren, S. (2017) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.044206.116 · Cited by 149
Revisiting propranolol and PTSD: Memory erasure or extinction enhancement?
Giustino, T. F., Fitzgerald, P. J., & Maren, S. (2016) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2016.01.009 · Cited by 137
Cha, J., Greenberg, T., Carlson, J. M., DeDora, D. J., Hajcak, G., & Mujica-Parodi, L. R. (2014) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3372-13.2014 · Cited by 147
Scheveneels, S., Boddez, Y., Vervliet, B., & Hermans, D. (2016) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2016.08.015 · Cited by 152
Birn, R. M., Patriat, R., Phillips, M. L., Germain, A., & Herringa, R. J. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22291 · Cited by 134
An empirical review of potential mediators and mechanisms of prolonged exposure therapy
Cooper, A. A., Clifton, E. G., & Feeny, N. C. (2017) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2017.07.003 · Cited by 133
Javanbakht, A., King, A. P. J., Evans, G. W., Swain, J. E., Angstadt, M., Phan, K. L., & Liberzon, I. (2015) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00154 · Cited by 139
The Hypocretin/Orexin System Mediates the Extinction of Fear Memories
Flores, Á., Valls-Comamala, V., Costa, G., Saravia, R., Maldonado, R. J., & Berrendero, F. (2014) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.146 · Cited by 134
Modulation of the extinction of two different fear-motivated tasks in three distinct brain areas
Fiorenza, N. G., Rosa, J., Izquierdo, I., & Myskiw, J. D. C. (2012) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.04.015 · Cited by 129
Optogenetic dissection of neural circuits underlying emotional valence and motivated behaviors
Nieh, E. H., Kim, S., Namburi, P., & Tye, K. M. (2012) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.11.001 · Cited by 139
A meta-analysis of conditioned fear generalization in anxiety-related disorders
Cooper, S. E., van Dis, E. A. M., Hagenaars, M. A., Krypotos, A., Nemeroff, C. B., Lissek, S. M., Engelhard, I. M., & Dunsmoor, J. E. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-022-01332-2 · Cited by 129
Exposure therapy in eating disorders revisited
Koskina, A., Campbell, I. C., & Schmidt, U. (2013) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.010 · Cited by 127
Capuzzo, G., & Floresco, S. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0414-20.2020 · Cited by 127
Oyarzún, J. P., Lopez-Barroso, D., Fuentemilla, L., Cucurell, D., Pedraza, C., Rodriguez-Fornells, A., & de Diego-Balaguer, R. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0038849 · Cited by 125
Sex differences in fear extinction
Velasco, E. R., Florido, A., Milad, M. R., & Andero, R. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.05.020 · Cited by 132
Self-citationThe learning of fear extinction
Furini, C., Myskiw, J., & Izquierdo, I. (2014) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.10.016 · Cited by 124
Behavioral tagging of extinction learning
Myskiw, J. D. C., Benetti, F., & Izquierdo, I. (2012) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1220875110 · Cited by 126
Implications of newborn amygdala connectivity for fear and cognitive development at 6-months-of-age
Graham, A. M., Buss, C., Rasmussen, J. M., Rudolph, M. D., Demeter, D. V., Gilmore, J. H., Styner, M., Entringer, S., Wadhwa, P. D., & Fair, D. A. (2016) · Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2015.09.006 · Cited by 122
Sex differences in stress effects on emotional learning
Merz, C. J., & Wolf, O. T. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23811 · Cited by 133
The influence of acute stress on the regulation of conditioned fear
Raio, C. M., & Phelps, E. A. (2015) · Neurobiology of Stress · doi:10.1016/j.ynstr.2014.11.004 · Cited by 121
Behavioral and Neural Mechanisms of Overgeneralization in Anxiety
Laufer, O., Israeli, D., & Paz, R. (2016) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2016.01.023 · Cited by 129
Functional Connectivity between Amygdala and Cingulate Cortex for Adaptive Aversive Learning
Klavir, O., Genud-Gabai, R., & Paz, R. (2013) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.035 · Cited by 128
Déjean, C., Courtin, J., Rozeske, R. R., Bonnet, M. C., Dousset, V., Michelet, T., & Herry, C. (2015) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2015.03.017 · Cited by 130
Top‐down and bottom‐up control of stress‐coping
de Kloet, E. R., de Kloet, S. F., de Kloet, C. S., & de Kloet, A. D. (2018) · Journal of Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1111/jne.12675 · Cited by 130
Ojala, K. E., & Bach, D. R. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.019 · Cited by 127
Vervliet, B., Lange, I., & Milad, M. R. (2017) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2017.04.011 · Cited by 118
Self-citationGass, J. T., & Chandler, L. J. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00046 · Cited by 128
Meyer, H. C., Odriozola, P., Cohodes, E. M., Mandell, J. D., Li, A., Yang, R., Hall, B. S., Haberman, J. T., Zacharek, S. J., Liston, C. M., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1910481116 · Cited by 121
HDAC inhibitors as cognitive enhancers in fear, anxiety and trauma therapy: Where do we stand?
Whittle, N., & Singewald, N. (2014) · Biochemical Society Transactions · doi:10.1042/bst20130233 · Cited by 117
Cellular and oscillatory substrates of fear extinction learning
Davis, P. W., Zaki, Y., Maguire, J. L., & Reijmers, L. G. J. E. (2017) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.4651 · Cited by 127
Hanson, J. L., Knodt, A. R., Brigidi, B. D., & Hariri, A. R. (2015) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579415000978 · Cited by 123
Synaptic Modifications in the Medial Prefrontal Cortex in Susceptibility and Resilience to Stress
Wang, M., Perova, Z., Arenkiel, B. R., & Li, B. (2014) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5294-13.2014 · Cited by 116
Abnormal Structure of Fear Circuitry in Pediatric Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
Keding, T. J., & Herringa, R. J. (2015) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2014.239 · Cited by 115
Resilience training that can change the brain.
Tabibnia, G., & Radecki, D. (2018) · Consulting psychology journal · doi:10.1037/cpb0000110 · Cited by 124
Sex differences in extinction recall in posttraumatic stress disorder: A pilot fMRI study
Shvil, E., Sullivan, G. M., Schafer, S., Markowitz, J. C., Campeas, M., Wager, T. D., Milad, M. R., & Neria, Y. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2014.02.003 · Cited by 113
Self-citationWout‐Frank, M. V. ‘., Shea, M. T., Larson, V., Greenberg, B. D., & Philip, N. S. (2018) · Brain stimulation · doi:10.1016/j.brs.2018.09.011 · Cited by 119
A Discrete Dorsal Raphe to Basal Amygdala 5-HT Circuit Calibrates Aversive Memory
Sengupta, A., & Holmes, A. (2019) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2019.05.029 · Cited by 123
Intercalated amygdala clusters orchestrate a switch in fear state
Hagihara, K. M., Bukalo, O., Zeller, M., Aksoy‐Aksel, A., Karalis, N., Limoges, A., Rigg, T., Campbell, T. L., Mendez, A., Weinholtz, C. A., et al. (2021) · Nature · doi:10.1038/s41586-021-03593-1 · Cited by 119
A Dopaminergic Basis for Fear Extinction
Kalisch, R., Gerlicher, A. M. V., & Duvarci, S. (2019) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2019.01.013 · Cited by 113
Revaluing the Role of vmPFC in the Acquisition of Pavlovian Threat Conditioning in Humans
Battaglia, S., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Starita, F. (2020) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0304-20.2020 · Cited by 112
Stressor controllability modulates fear extinction in humans
Hartley, C. A., Gorun, A., Reddan, M. C., Ramirez, F., & Phelps, E. A. (2014) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.12.003 · Cited by 110
Role of Human Ventromedial Prefrontal Cortex in Learning and Recall of Enhanced Extinction
Dunsmoor, J. E., Kroes, M. C. W., Li, J., Daw, N. D., Simpson, H. B., & Phelps, E. A. (2019) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2713-18.2019 · Cited by 110
An affective neuroscience model of boosting resilience in adults
Tabibnia, G. (2020) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.05.005 · Cited by 115
Aversive Learning Modulates Cortical Representations of Object Categories
Dunsmoor, J. E., Kragel, P. A., Martin, A. D., & LaBar, K. S. (2013) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bht138 · Cited by 117
Fear Extinction Memory Consolidation Requires Potentiation of Pontine-Wave Activity during REM Sleep
Datta, S., & O’Malley, M. W. (2013) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.5525-12.2013 · Cited by 108
Animal Models of PTSD: A Critical Review
Flandreau, E. I., & Tóth, M. (2017) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2016_65 · Cited by 118
Morriss, J., Zuj, D. V., & Mertens, G. (2021) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2021.05.011 · Cited by 116
Enhanced excitability in the infralimbic cortex produces anxiety-like behaviors.
Bi, L.-L., Wang, J., Luo, Z.-Y., Chen, S., Geng, F., Chen, Y.-H., Li, S.-J., Yuan, C.-H., Lin, S., & Gao, T.-M. (2013) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.04.048 · Cited by 103
Morriss, J., Christakou, A., & van Reekum, C. M. (2015) · Biology of Mood & Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1186/s13587-015-0019-8 · Cited by 106
Marin, M.-F., Camprodon, J. A., Dougherty, D. D., & Milad, M. R. (2014) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.22252 · Cited by 106
Self-citationAnderson, M. C., & Floresco, S. B. (2022) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/s41386-021-01131-1 · Cited by 105
Lesting, J., Daldrup, T., Narayanan, V., Himpe, C., Seidenbecher, T., & Pape, H.-C. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077707 · Cited by 105
Butler, T. R., Karkhanis, A. N., Jones, S. R., & Weiner, J. L. (2016) · Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13075 · Cited by 114
Inhibitory Modulation of Orbitofrontal Cortex on Medial Prefrontal Cortex–Amygdala Information Flow
Chang, C., & Grace, A. A. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw342 · Cited by 105
Zimmermann, K. S., Richardson, R., & Baker, K. (2019) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci9030065 · Cited by 111
Kan, R. L. D., Zhang, B. B. B., Zhang, J., & Kranz, G. S. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-0851-5 · Cited by 104
Active avoidance and attentive freezing in the face of approaching threat
Wendt, J., Löw, A., Weymar, M., Lotze, M., & Hamm, A. O. (2017) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.054 · Cited by 103
Periaqueductal Gray Sheds Light on Dark Areas of Psychopathology
George, D. T., Ameli, R., & Koob, G. F. (2019) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2019.03.004 · Cited by 108
Wolosker, H., & Balu, D. T. (2020) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/s41398-020-00870-x · Cited by 106
Herringa, R. J., Burghy, C. A., Stodola, D. E., Fox, M. E., Davidson, R. J., & Essex, M. J. (2016) · Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.003 · Cited by 101
Numan, M. (2020) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780190848675.001.0001 · Cited by 106
Nature and causes of the immediate extinction deficit: A brief review
Maren, S. (2013) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2013.10.012 · Cited by 111
Menz, M. M., Rihm, J. S., & Büchel, C. (2016) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3083-15.2016 · Cited by 99
“…2007) and may be explained by an inhibitory BOLD response in the amygdala following vmPFC signaling via projections from the vmPFC to principal neurons (Strobel et al., 2015) and inhibitory GABAergic intercalated cells (Milad and Quirk, 2002, 2012; Milad et al., 2007) in the basolateral amygdala.”
BackgroundCortical Thickness and Subcortical Gray Matter Volume in Pediatric Anxiety Disorders
Gold, A. L., Steuber, E. R., White, L. K., Pacheco, J., Sachs, J. F., Pagliaccio, D., Berman, E., Leibenluft, E., & Pine, D. S. (2017) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2017.83 · Cited by 99
Rodent models of impaired fear extinction
Singewald, N., & Holmes, A. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-5054-x · Cited by 110
Picó‐Pérez, M., Alemany-Navarro, M., Dunsmoor, J. E., Raduà, J., Albajes‐Eizagirre, A., Vervliet, B., Cardoner, N., Benet, O., Harrison, B. J., Soriano‐Mas, C., et al. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.029 · Cited by 105
Cholinergic regulation of fear learning and extinction
Wilson, M. A., & Fadel, J. R. (2016) · Journal of Neuroscience Research · doi:10.1002/jnr.23840 · Cited by 106
Hermans, E. J., Kanen, J. W., Tambini, A., Fernández, G., Davachi, L., & Phelps, E. A. (2016) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhw145 · Cited by 102
Functional Relevance of Endocannabinoid-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity in the Central Nervous System
Augustin, S. M., & Lovinger, D. M. (2018) · ACS Chemical Neuroscience · doi:10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00508 · Cited by 100
The study of active avoidance: a platform for discussion
Diehl, M. M., Bravo-Rivera, C., & Quirk, G. J. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.09.010 · Cited by 95
Self-citationLevy, I., & Schiller, D. (2021) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2020.11.007 · Cited by 95
Metadata
- Authors
- Milad, M. R., & Quirk, G. J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- University of Puerto Rico, Medical Sciences Campus (PR)
- Venue
- Annual Review of Psychology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 2012-01-10
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 129-151
- ISSN
- 0066-4308 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-2085
- PMC
- PMC4942586
- OpenAlex
- W2160253364
- Semantic Scholar
- 3e1b47b5a0d8ab9823c918aa6f6ce64eb2eba033
- Cited by
- 1,466
- References
- 228
- Citations by year
- 2026: 105 · 2025: 96 · 2024: 80 · 2023: 96 · 2022: 110 · 2021: 114 · 2020: 131 · 2019: 120 · 2018: 109 · 2017: 102 · 2016: 100 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 88 · 2013: 73 · 2012: 36
- FWCI
- 5.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Annual Review of Psychology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5p50mh086400-05, 5r01mh081975-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (P-50-MH-086400, K01-MH08036, R01-MH081975, R01MH058883, K01MH080346)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- fear extinction, fear conditioning, neural circuits, translational neuroscience, psychobiology, anxiety disorders
- MeSH terms
- Brain, Conditioning, Psychological, Extinction, Psychological, Fear, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Neurosciences
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
