Spatial restriction of neural activation using focused multipolar stimulation with a retinal prosthesis
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE: The resolution provided by present state-of-the-art retinal prostheses is severely limiting for recipients, partly due to the broad spread of activation in the retina in response to monopolar (MP) electrical stimulation. Focused multipolar (FMP) stimulation has been shown to restrict neural activation in the cochlea compared to MP stimulation. We extended the FMP stimulation technique to a two-dimensional electrode array and compared its efficacy to MP and hexapolar (HP) stimulation in the retina. METHODS: Normally-sighted cats (n = 6) were implanted with a suprachoroidal electrode array containing 42 electrodes. Multichannel multiunit spiking activity was recorded from the visual cortex in response to MP, HP, and FMP retinal stimulation. RESULTS: When inferring retinal spread using voltage recordings off the stimulating array, FMP stimulation showed significantly reduced voltages in regions surrounding the primary stimulating electrode. When measuring the retinal and cortical selectivity of neural responses, FMP and HP stimulation showed significantly higher selectivity compared to MP stimulation (separate 2-way ANOVAs, P < 0.05). However, the lowest cortical thresholds for each stimulating electrode were higher for FMP and HP compared to MP stimulation (1-way ANOVA, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between FMP and HP stimulation in any measures. CONCLUSIONS: Focused multipolar and HP stimulation using a two-dimensional array are promising techniques to reduce the spread of activation for a retinal prosthesis. Clinical application would be expected to result in smaller phosphenes; thus, reducing phosphene overlap between electrodes and increasing the resolution at the expense of higher thresholds for activation.
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Local return stimulation can be used to restrict the electrical activation of neurons by shaping the electric field.
“These findings are consistent with previous evidence that local return stimulation can be used to restrict the electrical activation of neurons by shaping the electric field [16, 25].”
From Three-dimensional multilayer concentric bipolar electrodes restrict spatial activation in optic nerve stimulation (2022) · cites this paper as [16]
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- Authors
- Spencer, T. C., Fallon, J. B., Thien, P. C., & Shivdasani, M. N.
- Affiliations
- Bionics Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Shivdasani, Mohit N.
- Venue
- Investigative Opthalmology & Visual Science
- Published
- 2016-06-16
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 3181
- ISSN
- 0146-0404 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5783
- OpenAlex
- W2433822421
- Cited by
- 31
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 2.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Türk Havacılık ve Uzay Sanayii
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- retinal prosthesis, monopolar stimulation, electrode arrays, stimulation threshold, phosphenes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cats, Disease Models, Animal, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Prosthesis Design, Retina, Sensory Thresholds, Visual Cortex, Visual Prosthesis, Spatial Processing
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