A model of ganglion axon pathways accounts for percepts elicited by retinal implants
Open accessPreprint — published as 10.1038/s41598-019-45416-4 · Paper page
Abstract
Retinal prostheses, now implanted in over 250 patients worldwide, electrically stimulate surviving cells in order to evoke neuronal responses that are interpreted by the brain as visual percepts (‘phosphenes’). However, instead of seeing focal spots of light, current implant users perceive highly distorted phosphenes that vary in shape both across subjects and electrodes. We characterized these distortions by asking users of the Argus retinal prosthesis system (Second Sight Medical Products) to draw elicited percepts on a touchscreen. We found that phosphene shape could be accurately predicted by simulating the topographic organization of nerve fiber bundles in each subject’s retina. Our model shows that activation of ganglion axons contributes to a rich repertoire of phosphene shapes, successfully replicating percepts ranging from ‘blobs’ to oriented ‘streaks’ and ‘wedges’ depending on electrode location. This work provides a first step towards future devices that incorporate stimulation strategies tailored to each individual patient’s retinal neurophysiology. One Sentence Summary: We show that the perceptual experience of retinal implant users can be accurately predicted using a computational model that simulates the topographic organization of each individual patient’s retinal ganglion axon pathways.
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In retinal prostheses, there is no straightforward spatial correspondence between the retinal position of electrode stimulation and the perceived location of the evoked phosphene in visual space, since stimulation current propagates across ganglion axon pathways, often causing phosphenes to be elongated.
“In the case of retinal prostheses, there is no straightforward spatial correspondence between the retinal position of electrode stimulation and the perceived location of the evoked phosphene in visual space, since stimulation current propagates across ganglion axon pathways,57 often causing phosphenes to be elongated.”
From Visual Prostheses in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Technology (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
Stimulation protocols (current amplitude and frequency sent to each electrode) and perceived phosphenes are distinct in the task of modelling phosphene perception.
“It is necessary to make a distinction between stimulation protocols (current amplitude and frequency sent to each electrode) and perceived phosphenes in the task of modelling phosphene perception.57,102,103”
From Visual Prostheses in the Era of Artificial Intelligence Technology (2025) · cites this paper as [57]
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- Authors
- Beyeler, M., Nanduri, D., Weiland, J. D., Rokem, A., Boynton, G. M., & Fine, I.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beyeler, Michael
- Venue
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory)
- Publisher
- openRxiv
- Published
- 2018-10-25
- OpenAlex
- W2898172397
- Cited by
- 13
- References
- 80
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1
- Type
- posted content
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- doi.org
- Licence
- cc-by
- Locations
- bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- Alfred P. Sloan Foundation
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Washington Research Foundation
- University of Washington
- Amazon Web Services
- National Institutes of Health (NIH K99)
- National Eye Institute (R01EY014645, R01EY012925)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- retinal prosthesis, phosphenes, Argus II, electrode stimulation, visual percepts
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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