Experiences of guided Internet-based cognitive-behavioural treatment for depression: A qualitative study
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Internet-based self-help treatment with minimal therapist contact has been shown to have an effect in treating various conditions. The objective of this study was to explore participants' views of Internet administrated guided self-help treatment for depression. METHODS: In-depth interviews were conducted with 12 strategically selected participants and qualitative methods with components of both thematic analysis and grounded theory were used in the analyses. RESULTS: Three distinct change processes relating to how participants worked with the treatment material emerged which were categorized as (a) Readers, (b) Strivers, and (c) Doers. These processes dealt with attitudes towards treatment, views on motivational aspects of the treatment, and perceptions of consequences of the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the findings correspond with existing theoretical models of face-to-face psychotherapy within qualitative process research. Persons who take responsibility for the treatment and also attribute success to themselves appear to benefit more. Motivation is a crucial aspect of guided self-help in the treatment of depression.
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Internet-based treatments for psychological disorders delivered via computers tend to be text-based, often reaching close to 200 pages of reading.
“Another limitation of Internet-based treatments for psychological disorders, delivered via computers, is that they tend to be text-based, often reaching close to 200 pages of reading ([Bendelin et al. 2011]).”
From Development and initial evaluation of a smartphone application based on acceptance and commitment therapy (2012) · cites this paper as Bendelin et al. 2011
Methods > Participants describes one Internet-based depression treatment containing 114 pages of text, supporting the point that such treatment can involve substantial reading. It does not establish that Internet-based treatments for psychological disorders generally tend to be text-based or often approach 200 pages; the study also included an email-based treatment with no prepared text. (LLM, conf=0.87)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThese findings align with previous ICBT studies for adolescent and adult participants, where many seem to find the treatment material relevant and informative.
“These findings align with previous ICBT studies for adolescent and adult participants, where many seem to find the treatment material relevant and informative (Bendelin et al., 2011; Berg et al., 2020a; Lenhard et al., 2016).”
From Investigating the potential of a novel internet-based cognitive behavioural intervention for Dari and Farsi speaking refugee youth: A feasibility study (2022) · cites this paper as Bendelin et al., 2011
The current study meets the needs outlined in previous eHealth studies of having varied activities, a combination of audio, video, and text information, and being shorter in length.
“The current study also meets the needs outlined in previous eHealth studies of having varied activities, a combination of audio, video, and text information, and being shorter in length (Bendelin et al., 2011).”
From ACT2COPE: A pilot randomised trial of a brief online acceptance and commitment therapy intervention for people living with chronic health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic (2023) · cites this paper as Bendelin et al., 2011
The Methods > Participants passage describes a text-based program with seven modules over eight weeks, while the Discussion suggests that some participants might benefit from more time or contact. Our copy does not outline a need for varied activities, combined audio/video/text information, or a shorter program; searches for those terms found no supporting passage. It also cannot establish whether the citing authors' current study meets those needs. (LLM, conf=0.74)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPersonal feedback and support are perceived as positive among patients, to optimally use the program and keep them motivated.
“Studies on the experiences of patients with online therapy also show that personal feedback and support are perceived as positive among patients, to optimally use the program and to keep them motivated [12-14].”
This might correspond with Bendelin et al.'s (2011) suggestion that patients actively participating in internet-based treatment and exercises tend to achieve better outcomes.
“This might correspond with Bendelin et al.'s (2011) suggestion that patients actively participating in internet‐based treatment and exercises tend to achieve better outcomes.”
From Internet‐Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy With Interoceptive Exposure for Panic Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial and Working Alliance Analysis. (2026) · cites this paper as Bendelin et al.'s (2011)
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“Recently, Bendelin et al. (2011) investigated 12 participants’ experiences of TAICBT for general depression.”
BackgroundResultSvartvatten, N., Segerlund, M., Dennhag, I., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.02.004 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Ona related note a qualitative studyonguided ICBT for depression showed that some clients tended to be more of readers of the treatment texts and did not engage fully in implementing the advice given in the treatment (Bendelin et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationDworschak, C., Heim, E., & Maercker, A. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100498 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Urech, A., Krieger, T., Möseneder, L., Biaggi, A., Vincent, A., Poppe, C., Meyer, B., Riper, H., & Berger, T. (2019) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2018.1430910 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
“These findings are also in line with previous research (Beattie, Shaw, Kaur, & Kessler, 2009; Bendelin et al., 2011; van der Vaart et al., 2014; Wilhelmsen et al., 2013).”
ResultHadjistavropoulos, H. D., Peynenburg, V. A., Thiessen, D., Nugent, M., Karin, E., Dear, B. F., & Titov, N. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100499 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Halmetoja, C. O., Malmquist, A., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.08.001 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“In a qualitative study of guided ICBT for depression (Bendelin et al., 2011) participants also voiced a variety of experiences and views regarding the treatment.”
BackgroundResultInfluentialSelf-citationInternet-assisted cognitive behavioral therapy
Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2017) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2017.08.004 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“In addition to quantitative studies, there is also much to be learned from open-ended qualitative studies; for example, in 1 study that showed that some clients in ICBT may go through the treatment without engaging.(86) There are additional limitations of ICBT apart from the possibility of negative effects for some cl…”
Lindner, P., Olsson, E. L., Johnsson, A., Dahlin, M., Andersson, G., & Carlbring, P. (2014) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2014.09.001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
“Recent iCBT research has investigated the effect of the amount, intensity and content of the therapist support (Bendelin et al., 2011; Paxling et al., 2012; Titov, 2011; Titov et al., 2010), the potential added benefit of additional telephone support (Andersson et al.”
BackgroundSelf-citationWomen’s expectations and experiences regarding e-health treatment: A systematic review
Verhoeks, C. M., Teunissen, D. A. M., van der Stelt-Steenbergen, A., & Lagro-Janssen, A. L. M. (2017) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458217720394 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Lindegaard, T., Kashoush, F., Holm, S., Halaj, A., Berg, M., & Andersson, G. (2021) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-021-03297-w · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“This theme seem to reflect the overall positive outcomes obtained in the original trial [28] and indicates that at least some participants were able to translate the treatment material and homework exercises into their everyday lives in ways that were meaningful to them, similarly to results obtained in previous quali…”
BackgroundResultSelf-citationArnold, C., Williams, A., & Thomas, N. (2020) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/16730 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
“As with previous research, participants who did not receive email support found that their motivation to persist with the intervention waned quickly [23,42].”
ResultFleming, T., Lucassen, M., Stasiak, K., Shepherd, M., & Merry, S. (2016) · Clinical Psychologist · doi:10.1111/cp.12052 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
“Other studies of cCBT have also found that some users want more personal assistance (Bendelin et al., 2011; Lillevoll et al., 2013; MacGregor, Hayward, Peck, & Wilkes, 2009).”
BackgroundRozental, A., Forsström, D., Tangen, J. A., & Carlbring, P. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.05.001 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationIntellectual disability and computers in therapy: Views of service users and clinical psychologists
Vereenooghe, L., Gega, L., & Langdon, P. E. (2017) · Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2017-1-11 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“…therapy programmes were in increasing their insight into their mental health problems, improving their knowledge and understanding of CBT, teaching them therapy skills and techniques (Bendelin et al., 2011; Gega, Smith, & Reynolds, 2013) and helping them feel empowered (Knowles et al., 2014).”
BackgroundSampling bias in an internet treatment trial for depression
Donkin, L., Hickie, I. B., Christensen, H., Naismith, S. L., Neal, B., Cockayne, N. L., & Glozier, N. (2012) · Translational Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/tp.2012.100 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Thew, G. R. (2020) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x20000033 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“One study found that for some participants whose initial expectations were high, the iCBT for depression programme examined was perceived as disappointing (Bendelin et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMontero‐Marín, J., Prado-Abril, J., Botella, C., Mayoral, F., Baños, R., Herrera‐Mercadal, P., Romero‐Sanchiz, P., Gili, M., Castro, A., Nogueira‐Arjona, R., et al. (2015) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.3985 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Those patients with symptoms of mild severity are seen as good candidates, as well as those who take responsibility for the treatment and who attribute success to themselves, focusing on action [65-67].”
Greenwell, K., Sereda, M., Coulson, N., Refaie, A. E., & Hoare, D. J. (2016) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.3109/14992027.2015.1137363 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“In the context of selfmanagement, people with long-term conditions can be empowered by the autonomous nature of self-help that promotes self-efficacy and allows them to take responsibility for their own care (Williams & Whitfield, 2001; Bendelin et al, 2011).”
BackgroundLundgren, J., Johansson, P., Jaarsma, T., Andersson, G., & Kärner Köhler, A. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/10302 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Self-citationBendelin, N., Björkdahl, P., Risell, M., Nelson, K. Z., Gerdle, B., Andersson, G., & Buhrman, M. (2020) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12891-020-03198-1 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“For some, deadlines brought on a structure that promoted autonomy which has been seen in another patient group in ICBT [9].”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationFacilitating and hindering factors in Internet-delivered treatment for insomnia and depression
Blom, K., Jernelöv, S., Lindefors, N., & Kaldo, V. (2016) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2016.03.004 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“A study on ICBT for depression (Bendelin et al., 2011) found that the process of change corresponded to theories of change in face-to-face therapy, and that patients who attribute success to themselves and take responsibility for their treatment benefit more.”
BackgroundBerg, M., Malmquist, A., Rozental, A., Topooco, N., & Andersson, G. (2020) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-020-02833-4 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“[27] found a difference between clients who actively applied the material and clients who only read the treatment material.”
BackgroundSelf-citationBeukes, E. W., Manchaiah, V. K. C., Davies, A. S. A., Allen, P. M., Baguley, D., & Andersson, G. (2018) · International Journal of Audiology · doi:10.1080/14992027.2018.1514538 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
“Bendelin et al. (2011) also found that some participants were able to integrate the treatment principles of ICBT for depression to improve daily life.”
BackgroundInfluentialSelf-citationLindegaard, T., Wasteson, E., Demetry, Y., Andersson, G., Richards, D., & Shahnavaz, S. (2022) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2022.100533 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationBerg, M., Rozental, A., Johansson, S., Liljethörn, L., Radvogin, E., Topooco, N., & Andersson, G. (2018) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2018.10.001 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationNegative effects in internet-based interventions for depression: a qualitative content analysis
Fenski, F., Rozental, A., Heinrich, M., Knaevelsrud, C., Zagorscak, P., & Boettcher, J. (2021) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2021.100469 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Feather, J., Howson, M., Ritchie, L., Carter, P. D., Parry, D., & Koziol‐McLain, J. (2016) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/jmir.5455 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Of the studies, 5 used face-to-face interviews [34,38,41,46,47] and 5 employed phone interviews [35,42,48,50,51].”
InfluentialTreatment Outcome and Predictors of Internet Guided Self-Help for Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Diefenbach, G. J., Wootton, B. M., Bragdon, L. B., Moshier, S. J., & Tolin, D. F. (2015) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.beth.2015.06.001 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Braun, P., Drüge, M., Hennemann, S., Nitsch, F. J., Staeck, R., & Apolinário-Hagen, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Digital Health · doi:10.3389/fdgth.2022.840869 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Norlund, F., Olsson, E. M., Burell, G., Wallin, E., & Held, C. (2015) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-015-0689-y · Cited by 33 · see citing works
“Participant engagement is a recognized concern in iCBT [40] and patient motivation is considered the most important factor for engagement [41].”
BackgroundHadjistavropoulos, H. D., Peynenburg, V., Thiessen, D. L., Nugent, M., Adlam, K., Owens, K. M. B., Karin, E., Dear, B. F., & Titov, N. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100357 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
“It is possible that the HWRQ and 2W could be useful for “strivers” or individuals who complete all activities as has been described in past qualitative literature (Bendelin et al., 2011).”
BackgroundMontero-Marín, J., Carrasco, J. M., Roca, M., Serrano-Blanco, A., Gili, M., Mayoral, F., Luciano, J. V., Lopez-del-Hoyo, Y., Olivan, B., Collazo, F., et al. (2013) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/1471-244x-13-64 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“To date, research on these issues has been restricted to the perspective of the patient [32-35] without adequately addressing the perspectives of health officials who would be involved in recommending this type of intervention.”
BackgroundGullickson, K. M., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Dear, B. F., & Titov, N. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100278 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Several studies have interviewed clinical trial participants after treatment to ask about a number of topics including negative effects (Bendelin et al., 2011; Fernández-Álvarez et al., 2017; Olsson Halmetoja et al., 2014).”
BackgroundEstimating causal effects of internet interventions in the context of nonadherence
Hesser, H. (2020) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2020.100346 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Participants may, for example, log in and read the treatment text in an internet-based psychological treatment, but this does not automatically mean that they are also engaged in treatment (see e.g., Bendelin et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSelf-citationComputer-based self-help therapy: A qualitative analysis of attrition
Hermes, E. D. A., Merrel, J. D., Clayton, A. R., Morris, C., & Rowe, M. (2016) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458216683536 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Holst, A., Björkelund, C., Metsini, A., Madsen, J.-H., Hange, D., Petersson, E., Eriksson, M. C. M., Kivi, M., Andersson, P.-Å., & Svensson, M. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019716 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Hronis, A., Roberts, R., Roberts, L., & Kneebone, I. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.22741 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Voorhees, B. W. V., Gladstone, T. R. G., Cordel, S. L., Marko-Holguin, M., Beardslee, W. R., Kuwabara, S. A., Kaplan, M. A., Fogel, J., Diehl, A., Hansen, C., et al. (2015) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2015.07.004 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…modules (Jane-Llopis et al., 2003), program characteristics that focus on the motivation of participants as well as their use of the intervention (Bendelin et al., 2011), enhancement of website design through Instructional Design Theory (Gagne et al., 1992) and Synchronization of the Senses…”
Lindqvist, K., Mechler, J., Midgley, N., Carlbring, P., Carstorp, K., Neikter, H. K., Strid, F., von Below, C., & Philips, B. (2022) · Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1080/10503307.2022.2150583 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationAtik, E., Schückes, M., & Apolinário-Hagen, J. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/36806 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“According to one interpretation of the data, different patients should not be given identical psychological intervention content or feedback, which is consistent with previous research [26,41,50,53,54].”
ResultIntegrating the Digital and the Traditional to Deliver Therapy for Depression
Stawarz, K., Preist, C., Tallon, D., Thomas, L., Turner, K. M., Wiles, N., Kessler, D. S., Shafran, R., & Coyle, D. (2020) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3313831.3376510 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
“Evidence suggests that including limited electronic contact from a health professional can help to improve patient motivation and completion rates, and increase the effectiveness of cCBT [1, 6, 10, 33, 50, 57].”
BackgroundWalsh, A., & Richards, D. (2017) · British Journal of Guidance & Counselling · doi:10.1080/03069885.2016.1153039 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“…of online therapy and who enjoyed exploring their feelings through writing appeared to benefit the most from internet-delivered CBT. Similarly, Bendelin et al. (2011) also found that users who were highly motivated to gain the necessary skills and strategies to help overcome their…”
BackgroundAsplund, R. P., Jäderlind, A., Björk, I. H., Ljótsson, B., Carlbring, P., & Andersson, G. (2019) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2019.100282 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationGamified Cognitive Control Training for Remitted Depressed Individuals: User Requirements Analysis
Vervaeke, J., LOOY, J. V., Hoorelbeke, K., Baeken, C., & Koster, E. H. W. (2018) · JMIR Serious Games · doi:10.2196/games.8609 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“Fortunately, enhancing treatment credibility shows potential to counter dropout [38] and improve treatment effects [39].”
BackgroundFinazzi, E., & MacBeth, A. M. (2021) · Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy · doi:10.1002/cpp.2650 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Buelens, F., Luyten, P., Claeys, H., Assche, E. V., & Daele, T. V. (2023) · Internet Interventions · doi:10.1016/j.invent.2023.100670 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“Bendelin et al. (2011), in a qualitative study of participants who participated in an RCT of internet-delivered therapy, found that only a small proportion of users of a digital mental health application could be described as doers , who worked with the material in a practical way and applies it to…”
BackgroundWomen’s experiences of internet-delivered Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (iCBT) for Fear of Birth
Baylis, R., Ekdahl, J., Haines, H. M., & Rubertsson, C. (2019) · Women and Birth · doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2019.05.006 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
A Case Study Illustrating Therapist-Assisted Internet Cognitive Behavior Therapy for Depression
Pugh, N. E., Hadjistavropoulos, H. D., Klein, B., & Austin, D. W. (2014) · Cognitive and Behavioral Practice · doi:10.1016/j.cbpra.2013.08.002 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Andersson, G., Wagner, B., & Cuijpers, P. J. (2016) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-06083-5_2 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Self-citationEmployee perseverance in a “no phone use while driving” organizational road-safety intervention
Rispler, C. H., & Luria, G. (2020) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2020.105689 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Barceló‐Soler, A., García‐Campayo, J., Araya, R., Doukani, A., Gili, M., García‐Palacios, A., Mayoral, F., & Montero‐Marín, J. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1024966 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“, 2009), facilitators/barriers, expectations, attitudes, and continual engagement with the program (Bendelin et al., 2011), From the list, inquiry processes were directed toward understanding how the intervention via ICTs might modify the therapist-patient relationship.”
BackgroundBurke, J., Richards, D., & Timulak, L. (2019) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s1352465818000504 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“There has, however, been some qualitative research examining the psychological experience of users in iCBT treatments for depression (Bendelin et al., 2011; Gega et al., 2013).”
BackgroundPatient experience of supported computerized CBT in an inner-city IAPT service: a qualitative study
Perera-Delcourt, R. P., & Sharkey, G. (2019) · The Cognitive Behaviour Therapist · doi:10.1017/s1754470x18000284 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
“…in a country other than the UK, e.g. Ireland, Norway, Sweden; variations in the nature of the eCBT programme, e.g. purely email-based treatment (Bendelin et al. , 2011); and differing amounts and types of support offered, e.g. some include telephone or face-to-face consultations (Lillevoll et…”
BackgroundEssery, R., Kirby, S. E., Geraghty, A. W. A., & Yardley, L. (2017) · Psychology and Health · doi:10.1080/08870446.2017.1310861 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“…et al., 2011), perceived lack of time (Austrian, Kerns, & Carrington Reid, 2005; Medina-Mirapeix et al., 2009) and uncertainty about the therapy (Bendelin et al., 2011), are common to experiences of other self-directed physical therapies and technology-supported self-management interventions…”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialHaller, E., Besson, N., & Watzke, B. (2019) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-019-4495-1 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“It is noticeable that only a segment of patients with certain characteristics, such as those patients taking responsibility for their treatment and inciting motivation for the treatment, appears to benefit from the low-intensity treatment format [6].”
BackgroundRichards, D., Dowling, M., O'Brien, E., Viganò, N., & Timulak, L. (2018) · Counselling and Psychotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/capr.12142 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Helpful and Hindering Events in online delivered CBT A small number of studies have investigated the psychological experience of users in Internetdelivered treatments (Bendelin et al., 2011; de Graaf, Huibers, Riper, Gerhards & Arntz, 2009; Gerhards et al., 2011).”
BackgroundSayar, H., Vøllestad, J., & Nordgreen, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.990833 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Greenwell, K., Sereda, M., Coulson, N., & Hoare, D. J. (2016) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/resprot.5008 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“A thorough understanding of the intervention context is helpful for explaining any variability in intervention outcomes [28,29].”
Hronis, A., Roberts, R., Roberts, L., & Kneebone, I. (2022) · Discover Psychology · doi:10.1007/s44202-021-00017-z · Cited by 12 · see citing works
“The use of technology and online programs in therapy has been found to be beneficial when working with people with ID, particularly to facilitate engagement, homework practice and the teaching of skills and techniques [2, 15, 35].”
BackgroundLow-Intensity Interventions and EMDR Therapy
Maxfield, L. (2021) · Journal of EMDR Practice and Research · doi:10.1891/emdr-d-21-00009 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bendelin, N., Hesser, H., Dahl, J., Carlbring, P., Nelson, K. Z., & Andersson, G.
- Affiliations
- Linköping University (SE)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Andersson, Gerhard
- Venue
- BMC Psychiatry
- Published
- 2011-06-30
- Volume
- 11
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 107-107
- ISSN
- 1471-244X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3142491
- OpenAlex
- W2146982643
- Cited by
- 173
- References
- 43
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 13.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- BMC Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DiVA (Linkoping University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Digital Mental Health Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- depression, online therapy, guided self-help, cognitive behavioral therapy, patient experience, treatment motivation, change processes, personal responsibility, therapeutic process
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Attitude to Health, Depression, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Self Care, Therapy, Computer-Assisted, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Internet
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