Inflammatory Process in Type 2 Diabetes: The Role of Cytokines

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Preadipocyte Conversion to Macrophage

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C-Reactive Protein Upregulates Angiotensin Type 1 Receptors in Vascular Smooth Muscle

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Insulin resistance in adipose tissue: direct and indirect effects of tumor necrosis factor-α

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Adiponectin gene expression and secretion is inhibited by interleukin-6 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes

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The role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of IDDM

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Differential Effects of Interleukin-6 and -10 on Skeletal Muscle and Liver Insulin Action In Vivo

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Interleukin-6 and Diabetes

Kristiansen, O. P., & Mandrup-Poulsen, T. R. (2005) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.54.suppl_2.s114 · Cited by 529

Associations of C-Reactive Protein With Measures of Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Healthy, Middle-Aged Women

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Myocardial Protection by Insulin at Reperfusion Requires Early Administration and Is Mediated via Akt and p70s6 Kinase Cell-Survival Signaling

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Adipocytokines and Insulin Resistance

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Prospective Study of C-Reactive Protein in Relation to the Development of Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexico City Diabetes Study

Han, T. S., Sattar, N. A., Williams, K., González‐Villalpando, C., Lean, M. E. J., & Haffner, S. M. (2002) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.25.11.2016 · Cited by 512

Effects of an Engineered Human Anti–TNF-α Antibody (CDP571) on Insulin Sensitivity and Glycemic Control in Patients With NIDDM

Ofei, F., Hurel, S. J., Newkirk, J., Sopwith, M., & Taylor, R. (1996) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.45.7.881 · Cited by 510

Proinflammatory cytokines, markers of cardiovascular risks, oxidative stress, and lipid peroxidation in patients with hyperglycemic crises

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Leptin Inhibition of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Response to Stress

Heiman, M. L., Ahima, R. S., Craft, L. S., Schoner, B. E., Stephens, T. W., & Flier, J. S. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.9.5366 · Cited by 491

Chronic Exposure to Interleukin-6 Causes Hepatic Insulin Resistance in Mice

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Leptin regulation of the immune response and the immunodeficiency of malnutrition 1

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Integrative physiology of human adipose tissue

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Insulin and Cortisol Promote Leptin Production in Cultured Human Fat Cells

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Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Leahy, J. L. (2005) · Archives of Medical Research · doi:10.1016/j.arcmed.2005.01.003 · Cited by 469

Induction of ob Gene Expression by Corticosteroids Is Accompanied by Body Weight Loss and Reduced Food Intake

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Potential role of leptin in angiogenesis: leptin induces endothelial cell proliferation and expression of matrix metalloproteinases in vivo and in vitro

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Blockade of the Renin-Angiotensin System Increases Adiponectin Concentrations in Patients With Essential Hypertension

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Interleukin-6 Is a Novel Factor Mediating Glucose Homeostasis During Skeletal Muscle Contraction

Febbraio, M. A., Hiscock, N., Sacchetti, M., Fischer, C. P., & Pedersen, B. K. (2004) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.53.7.1643 · Cited by 455

Leptin Impairs Metabolic Actions of Insulin in Isolated Rat Adipocytes

Müller, G. A., Ertl, J., Gerl, M., & Preibisch, G. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.16.10585 · Cited by 451

SOCS-3 Inhibits Insulin Signaling and Is Up-regulated in Response to Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in the Adipose Tissue of Obese Mice

Emanuelli, B., Peraldi, P., Filloux, C., Carine Chavey, A., Freidinger, K., Hilton, D. J., Hotamışlıgil, G. S., & OBBERGHEN, E. V. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m104602200 · Cited by 449

Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Stimulates Lipolysis in Differentiated Human Adipocytes Through Activation of Extracellular Signal-Related Kinase and Elevation of Intracellular cAMP

Zhang, H., Halbleib, M., Ahmad, F., Manganiello, V. C., & Greenberg, A. S. (2002) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.51.10.2929 · Cited by 436

Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 is produced in isolated adipocytes, associated with adiposity and reduced after weight loss in morbid obese subjects

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Inflammatory mediators and islet ?-cell failure: a link between type 1 and type 2 diabetes

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Intracerebroventricular Leptin Increases Lumbar and Renal Sympathetic Nerve Activity and Blood Pressure in Normal Rats

Dunbar, J. C., Hu, Y., & Lu, H. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.12.2040 · Cited by 414

Leptin, from fat to inflammation: old questions and new insights

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Hyperglycemia-induced beta-cell apoptosis in pancreatic islets of Psammomys obesus during development of diabetes

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Production of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo

Mohamed‐Ali, V., Goodrick, S., Bulmer, K., Holly, J. M. P., Yudkin, J. S., & Coppack, S. W. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.6.e971 · Cited by 396

Effect of Lifestyle Modification on Adipokine Levels in Obese Subjects with Insulin Resistance

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An immune origin of type 2 diabetes?

Kolb, H., & Mandrup-Poulsen, T. (2005) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-005-1764-9 · Cited by 394

Chronic interleukin-6 (IL-6) treatment increased IL-6 secretion and induced insulin resistance in adipocyte: prevention by rosiglitazone

Lagathu, C., Bastard, J.-P., Auclair, M., Maachi, M., Capeau, J., & Caron, M. (2003) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2003.10.013 · Cited by 385

Evidence for a Potent Antiinflammatory Effect of Rosiglitazone

Mohanty, P., Aljada, A., Ghanim, H., Hofmeyer, D., Tripathy, D., Syed, T., Al-Haddad, W., Dhindsa, S., & Dandona, P. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032103 · Cited by 378

Inflammatory Markers and the Metabolic Syndrome

Koh, K. K., Han, S. H., & Quon, M. J. (2005) · Journal of the American College of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2005.06.082 · Cited by 374

Transcriptional repression of the GLUT4 and C/EBP genes in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

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Adiponectin: a link between excess adiposity and associated comorbidities?

Ukkola, O. H., & Santaniemi, M. (2002) · Journal of Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00109-002-0378-7 · Cited by 369

Glucose Induces β-Cell Apoptosis Via Upregulation of the Fas Receptor in Human Islets

Maedler, K., Spinas, G. A., Lehmann, R., Sergeev, P., Weber, M., Fontana, A., Kaiser, N., & Donath, M. Y. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.8.1683 · Cited by 367

Leptin surge precedes onset of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and correlates with development of pathogenic T cell responses

Sanna, V., Giacomo, A. D., Cava, A. L., Lechler, R. I., Fontana, S., Zappacosta, S., & Matarese, G. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci16721 · Cited by 365

Influence of Leptin on Arterial Distensibility

Singhal, A., Farooqi, I. S., Cole, T. J., O’Rahilly, S., Fewtrell, M. S., Kattenhorn, M., Lucas, A., & Deanfield, J. E. (2002) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000033219.24717.52 · Cited by 363

Leptin is associated with increased risk of myocardial infarction

Söderberg, S., Åhrén, B., Jansson, J., Johnson, O., Hallmans, G., Asplund, K., & Olsson, T. (1999) · Journal of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2796.1999.00571.x · Cited by 356

Overfeeding Rapidly Induces Leptin and Insulin Resistance

Wang, J., Obici, S., Morgan, K., Barzilai, N., Feng, Z., & Rossetti, L. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.12.2786 · Cited by 355

Leptin: Structure, Function and Biology

Zhang, F. P. Y., Chen, Y., Heiman, M. L., & DiMarchi, R. D. (2005) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(05)71012-8 · Cited by 353

Chemokines control fat accumulation and leptin secretion by cultured human adipocytes

Gerhardt, C. C., Romero, I. A., Cancello, R., Camoin, L., & Strosberg, A. D. (2001) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(01)00394-x · Cited by 352

High-Dose Leptin Activates Human Leukocytes Via Receptor Expression on Monocytes

Zarkesh‐Esfahani, S. H., Pockley, A. G., Metcalfe, R., Bidlingmaier, M., Wu, Z., Ajami, A., Weetman, A. P., Strasburger, C. J., & Ross, R. J. M. (2001) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.167.8.4593 · Cited by 343

Circulating levels of TNF-alpha and IL-6-relation to truncal fat mass and muscle mass in healthy elderly individuals and in patients with type-2 diabetes

Pedersen, M., Bruunsgaard, H., Weis, N., Hendel, H. W., Andreassen, B. U., Eldrup, E., Dela, F., & Pedersen, B. K. (2003) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(03)00027-7 · Cited by 342

Possible novel therapy for diabetes with cell-permeable JNK-inhibitory peptide

Kaneto, H., Nakatani, Y., Miyatsuka, T., Kawamori, D., Matsuoka, T., Matsuhisa, M., Kajimoto, Y., Ichijo, H., Yamasaki, Y., & Hori, M. (2004) · Nature Medicine · doi:10.1038/nm1111 · Cited by 337

Leptin induces direct vasodilation through distinct endothelial mechanisms.

Lembo, G., Vecchione, C., Fratta, L., Marino, G., Trimarco, V., d’Amati, G., & Trimarco, B. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.2.293 · Cited by 329

Dose-Dependent Effects of Recombinant Human Interleukin-6 on Glucose Regulation

Tsigos, C., Papanicolaou, D. A., Kyrou, I., Defensor, R., Mitsiadis, C. S., & Chrousos, G. P. (1997) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.82.12.4422 · Cited by 324

Serum Levels of Tumor Necrosis Factor- Are Increased in Obese Patients with Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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Cytokines suppress human islet function irrespective of their effects on nitric oxide generation.

Eizirik, D. L., Sandler, S., Welsh, N., Ćetković-Cvrlje, M., Nieman, A., Geller, D. A., PIPELEERS, D. G., Bendtzen, K., & Hellerström, C. (1994) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci117188 · Cited by 317

Leptin surge precedes onset of autoimmune encephalomyelitis and correlates with development of pathogenic T cell responses

Sanna, V., Giacomo, A. D., Cava, A. L., et al. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci200316721 · Cited by 317

Glucocorticoids as Counterregulatory Hormones of Leptin: Toward an Understanding of Leptin Resistance

Zakrzewska, K. E., Cusin, I., Sainsbury, A., Rohner‐Jeanrenaud, F., & Jeanrenaud, B. (1997) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.46.4.717 · Cited by 316

Interleukin-6 stimulates hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats

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Short Term Effects of Leptin on Hepatic Gluconeogenesis and in Vivo Insulin Action

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Interleukin‐6 Trans‐Signalling in Chronic Inflammation and Cancer

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Activation of SOCS-3 by Resistin

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Atherothrombosis, inflammation, and diabetes

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Neonatal beta-cell apoptosis: a trigger for autoimmune diabetes?

Trudeau, J. D., Dutz, J. P., Arany, E. J., Hill, D. J., Fieldus, W. E., & Finegood, D. T. (2000) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.49.1.1 · Cited by 290

IL-1 receptor antagonist serum levels are increased in human obesity: a possible link to the resistance to leptin?

Meier, C. A., Bobbioni, E., Gabay, C., Assimacopoulos-Jeannet, F., Golay, A., & Dayer, J.-M. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.3.8351 · Cited by 287

Effects of prolonged hyperinsulinemia on serum leptin in normal human subjects.

Boden, G., Chen, X., Kolaczynski, J. W., & Polansky, M. (1997) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci119621 · Cited by 284

TNF-α and insulin resistance: Summary and future prospects

Peraldi, P., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1998) · Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1006865715292 · Cited by 282

Suppressors of Cytokine Signaling-1 and -6 Associate with and Inhibit the Insulin Receptor

Mooney, R. A., Senn, J. J., Cameron, S. J., Inamdar, N. M., Boivin, L. M., Shang, Y., & Furlanetto, R. W. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m010579200 · Cited by 282

The metabolic role of IL-6 produced during exercise: is IL-6 an exercise factor?

Pedersen, B. K., Steensberg, A., Fischer, C. P., Keller, C., Keller, P., Plomgaard, P., Petersen, E. W., & Febbraio, M. A. (2004) · Proceedings of The Nutrition Society · doi:10.1079/pns2004338 · Cited by 279

Additive Beneficial Effects of Losartan Combined With Simvastatin in the Treatment of Hypercholesterolemic, Hypertensive Patients

Koh, K. K., Quon, M. J., Han, S. H., Chung, W., Ahn, J. Y., Seo, Y., Kang, M. H., Ahn, T. H., Choi, I. S., & Shin, E. K. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000143085.86697.13 · Cited by 279

Anti-Inflammatory and Profibrinolytic Effect of Insulin in Acute ST-Segment–Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Chaudhuri, A., Janicke, D. M., Wilson, M. F., Tripathy, D., Garg, R., Bandyopadhyay, A., Calieri, J., Hoffmeyer, D., Syed, T., Ghanim, H., et al. (2004) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000116762.77804.fc · Cited by 276

Effects of Leptin on Insulin Sensitivity in Normal Rats

Sivitz, W. I., Walsh, S. A., Morgan, D. A., Thomas, M. J., & Haynes, W. G. (1997) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.138.8.5327 · Cited by 268

Insulin Inhibits the Pro-Inflammatory Transcription Factor Early Growth Response Gene-1 (Egr)-1 Expression in Mononuclear Cells (MNC) and Reduces Plasma Tissue Factor (TF) and Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) Concentrations

Aljada, A., Ghanim, H., Mohanty, P., Kapur, N., & Dandona, P. (2002) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.87.3.8462 · Cited by 267

Impaired natural killer (NK) cell activity in leptin receptor deficient mice: leptin as a critical regulator in NK cell development and activation

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Towards a pro-inflammatory and immunomodulatory emerging role of leptin

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Processing of engulfed apoptotic bodies yields T cell epitopes

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Functional Analysis of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Receptors in TNF- -Mediated Insulin Resistance in Genetic Obesity

Uysal, K. T., Wiesbrock, S. M., & Hotamışlıgil, G. S. (1998) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.139.12.6337 · Cited by 255

beta-cell apoptosis: stimuli and signaling.

Mandrup-Poulsen, T. R. (2001) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diabetes.50.2007.s58 · Cited by 254

Leptin modulates β cell expression of IL-1 receptor antagonist and release of IL-1β in human islets

Maedler, K., Sergeev, P., Ehses, J. A., Máthé, Z., Bosco, D., Berney, T., Dayer, J., Reinecke, M., Halban, P. A., & Donath, M. Y. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0305683101 · Cited by 252

Leptin and Leptin Receptor Expression in Normal and Neoplastic Human Pituitary: Evidence of a Regulatory Role for Leptin on Pituitary Cell Proliferation

Jin, L. G., Burguera, B. G., Couce, M., Scheithauer, B. W., Lamsan, J., Eberhardt, N. L., Kulig, E., & Lloyd, R. V. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.8.5908 · Cited by 251

Leptin: a potential regulator of polymorphonuclear neutrophil bactericidal action?

Caldefie‐Chezet, F., Poulin, A.-M., Tridon, A., Sion, B., & Vasson, M. (2001) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1189/jlb.69.3.414 · Cited by 250

In Vivo Administration of Leptin Activates Signal Transduction Directly in Insulin-Sensitive Tissues: Overlapping but Distinct Pathways from Insulin

Kim, Y., Uotani, S., Pierroz, D. D., Flier, J. S., & Kahn, B. B. (2000) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.141.7.7536 · Cited by 246

Leptin stimulates rat aortic smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.

Oda, A., Taniguchi, T., & Yokoyama, M. (2001) · PubMed · doi:10.24546/00082677 · Cited by 245

Leptin promotes aggregation of human platelets via the long form of its receptor.

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Adipokines, inflammation, and the endothelium in diabetes

Aldhahi, W., & Hamdy, O. (2003) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-003-0020-2 · Cited by 238

Obese Gene Expression Alters the Ability of 30A5 Preadipocytes to Respond to Lipogenic Hormones

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Effects of pioglitazone on metabolic parameters, body fat distribution, and serum adiponectin levels in Japanese male patients with type 2 diabetes

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Etiology of the Metabolic Syndrome: Potential Role of Insulin Resistance, Leptin Resistance, and Other Players

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Diet Induction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein‐1 and its Impact on Obesity

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Nitric Oxide Primes Pancreatic β Cells for Fas-mediated Destruction in Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus

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