Insulin Resistance and Chronic Cardiovascular Inflammatory Syndrome

Fernández-Real, José Manuel; Ricart, Wifredo

doi:10.1210/er.2002-0010

Cited by 886Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesDiabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and LipoproteinsAtherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases

Insulin Resistance and Chronic Cardiovascular Inflammatory Syndrome

Fernández-Real, José Manuel, Ricart, Wifredo·2003·Endocrine Reviews

DOI 10.1210/er.2002-0010

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Abstract

Insulin resistance is increasingly recognized as a chronic, low-level, inflammatory state. Hyperinsulinemia and insulin action were initially proposed as the common preceding factors of hypertension, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, abdominal obesity, and altered glucose tolerance, linking all these abnormalities to the development of coronary heart disease. The similarities of insulin resistance with another inflammatory state, atherosclerosis, have been described only in the last few decades. Atherosclerosis and insulin resistance share similar pathophysiological mechanisms, mainly due to the actions of the two major proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-alpha and IL-6. Genetic predisposition to increased transcription rates of these cytokines is associated with metabolic derangement and simultaneously with coronary heart disease. Dysregulation of the inflammatory axis predicts the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. The knowledge of how interactions between metabolic and inflammatory pathways occur will be useful in future therapeutic strategies. The effective administration of antiinflammatory agents in the treatment of insulin resistance and atherosclerosis is only the beginning of a promising approach in the management of these syndromes.

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Iron excess is a known feature of gestational diabetes and a clear risk factor for diabetes even in normal populations; diabetes is a classical consequence of iron overloading in hereditary haemochromatosis.
“Iron 'excess' is also a known feature of gestational diabetes [591-593], and is a clear risk factor for the disease even in 'normal' populations [594-603], and indeed diabetes is a classical consequence of iron overloading as seen in hereditary haemochromatosis [604].”
From Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases (2009) · cites this paper as [599]

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Authors: Fernández-Real, J. M., & Ricart, W.
Affiliations: Section of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Nutrition, University Hospital of Girona “Dr. Josep Trueta,” 17007 Girona, Spain
Hospital Universitari de Girona Doctor Josep Trueta (ES)
ORCID: Ricart, Wifredo
Venue: Endocrine Reviews
Publisher: The Endocrine Society
Published: 2003-06-01
Volume: 24
Issue: 3
Pages: 278-301
ISSN: 0163-769X (ISSN-L)
1945-7189
DOI: 10.1210/er.2002-0010
OpenAlex: W2069936148
Cited by: 886
References: 323
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 16 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 21 · 2018: 28 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 36 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 53 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 9.51
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Endocrine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Diseases
Keywords: insulin resistance, cardiovascular inflammation, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, TNF-α, interleukin-6, inflammatory cytokines, type 2 diabetes, hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, abdominal obesity, impaired glucose tolerance, anti-inflammatory therapy
MeSH terms: Animals, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Cardiovascular Diseases, Chronic Disease, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperlipidemias, Hypertension, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Syndrome, Cytokines, Inflammation Mediators

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Insulin Resistance and Chronic Cardiovascular Inflammatory Syndrome

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