Comprehensive analysis of the 16p11.2 deletion and null Cntnap2 mouse models of autism spectrum disorder
Open accessAbstract
Autism spectrum disorder comprises several neurodevelopmental conditions presenting symptoms in social communication and restricted, repetitive behaviors. A major roadblock for drug development for autism is the lack of robust behavioral signatures predictive of clinical efficacy. To address this issue, we further characterized, in a uniform and rigorous way, mouse models of autism that are of interest because of their construct validity and wide availability to the scientific community. We implemented a broad behavioral battery that included but was not restricted to core autism domains, with the goal of identifying robust, reliable phenotypes amenable for further testing. Here we describe comprehensive findings from two known mouse models of autism, obtained at different developmental stages, using a systematic behavioral test battery combining standard tests as well as novel, quantitative, computer-vision based systems. The first mouse model recapitulates a deletion in human chromosome 16p11.2, found in 1% of individuals with autism. The second mouse model harbors homozygous null mutations in Cntnap2, associated with autism and Pitt-Hopkins-like syndrome. Consistent with previous results, 16p11.2 heterozygous null mice, also known as Del(7Slx1b-Sept1)4Aam weighed less than wild type littermates displayed hyperactivity and no social deficits. Cntnap2 homozygous null mice were also hyperactive, froze less during testing, showed a mild gait phenotype and deficits in the three-chamber social preference test, although less robust than previously published. In the open field test with exposure to urine of an estrous female, however, the Cntnap2 null mice showed reduced vocalizations. In addition, Cntnap2 null mice performed slightly better in a cognitive procedural learning test. Although finding and replicating robust behavioral phenotypes in animal models is a challenging task, such functional readouts remain important in the development of therapeutics and we anticipate both our positive and negative findings will be utilized as a resource for the broader scientific community.
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16p11.2+/− models show reduced body size/weight, in contrast to the human obesity phenotype.
“However, 16p11.2+/− models show reduced body size/weight [4, 5, 60, 61, 63], in contrast to the human obesity phenotype.”
From 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [61]
Hyperlocomotion is broadly reported in 16p11.2+/− mice, another behavioral feature that does not coincide directly with human symptomology.
“Hyperlocomotion is also broadly reported in 16p11.2+/− mice [4, 5, 59, 61, 63, 64, 70], another behavioral feature that does not coincide directly with human symptomology.”
From 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [61]
All three lines of 16p11.2+/− mice display social deficits in various testing paradigms and an array of cognitive deficits.
“All 3 lines of 16p11.2+/− mice display social deficits in various testing paradigms [59–64], and an array of cognitive deficits [4, 59, 62–68].”
From 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [61]
Mild motor deficits are present in 16p11.2+/− models, consistent with human phenotypes.
“Mild motor deficits are also present in these models [4, 61, 68], consistent with human phenotypes.”
From 16p11.2 Copy Number Variations and Neurodevelopmental Disorders (2020) · cites this paper as [61]
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Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- [73]Peñagarikano O, Abrahams BS, Herman EI, Winden KD, Gdalyahu A, Dong H, et al Absence of CNTNAP2 leads to epilepsy, neuronal migration abnormalities, and core autism-related deficits. Cell. 2011; 147(1): 235– 46. Epub 2011/10/04. S0092-8674(11)01010-5 [pii] 10.1016/j.cell.2011.08.040 21962519 PMC3390029 · DOI · Paper page
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- Authors
- Brunner, D., Kabitzke, P., He, D., Cox, K., Thiede, L., Hanania, T., Sabath, E., Alexandrov, V., Saxe, M., Peles, E., Mills, A., Spooren, W., Ghosh, A., Feliciano, P., Benedetti, M., Luo Clayton, A., & Biemans, B.
- Affiliations
- Psychogenics (United States) (US)
- F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG (CH)
- Weizmann Institute of Science (IL)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (US)
- Simons Foundation (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brunner, Daniela
- ORCID
- Venue
- PLOS ONE
- Publisher
- Public Library of Science (PLoS)
- Published
- 2015-08-14
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- e0134572
- ISSN
- 1932-6203 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4537259
- OpenAlex
- W1945406363
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 22 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 2
- FWCI
- 4.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- PLoS ONE (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Institutional Repository (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) (acceptedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Columbia Academic Commons (Columbia University)
- Funders
- Simons Foundation
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Keywords
- autism spectrum disorder, 16p11.2 deletion, CNTNAP2, mouse models of autism, behavioral phenotyping, hyperactivity, social behavior, vocalizations, procedural learning, construct validity
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Animals, Animals, Newborn, Behavior, Animal, Cognition, Disease Models, Animal, Female, Humans, Male, Membrane Proteins, Mutation, Nerve Tissue Proteins, Vocalization, Animal, Sequence Deletion, Chromosomes, Mammalian, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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