Preferential Reactivation of Motivationally Relevant Information in the Ventral Striatum
Open accessAbstract
Spontaneous "off-line" reactivation of neuronal activity patterns may contribute to the consolidation of memory traces. The ventral striatum exhibits reactivation and has been implicated in the processing of motivational information. It is unknown, however, whether reactivating neuronal ensembles specifically recapitulate information relating to rewards that were encountered during wakefulness. We demonstrate a prolonged reactivation in rat ventral striatum during quiet wakefulness and slow-wave but not rapid eye movement sleep. Reactivation of reward-related information processed in this structure was particularly prominent, and this was primarily attributable to spike trains temporally linked to reward sites. It was accounted for by small, strongly correlated subgroups in recorded cell assemblies and can thus be characterized as a sparse phenomenon. Our results indicate that reactivated memory traces may not only comprise feature- and context-specific information but also contain a value component.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Neuronal reactivation is not limited to hippocampal circuitry but occurs also in the thalamus, striatum and neocortex.
“It is not limited to hippocampal circuitry but occurs also in the thalamus, striatum and neocortex (Pennartz et al. 2004; Euston et al. 2007; Lansink et al. 2008).”
From System consolidation of memory during sleep (2012) · cites this paper as Lansink et al. 2008
The Abstract reports reactivation in the rat ventral striatum, and the Discussion describes replay across cortical and subcortical structures. The paper mentions thalamo-prefrontal circuits as potential targets of ventral striatal information, but the passages do not establish reactivation in the thalamus. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Rat Brain in Stereotaxic Coordinates
Paxinos, G., & Watson, C. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/c2009-0-63235-9 · Cited by 28,585 · see citing works
A neural substrate of prediction and reward
Schultz, W., Dayan, P., & Montague, P. R. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.275.5306.1593 · Cited by 9,388 · see citing works
Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariable Methods
Walker, E., Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., & Muller, K. E. (1989) · Technometrics · doi:10.2307/1270375 · Cited by 8,538 · see citing works
(1978) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 8,010 · see citing works
The hippocampus as a cognitive map
Passingham, R. E. (1979) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(79)90015-0 · Cited by 5,128 · see citing works
Memory - A century of consolidation
McGaugh, J. L. (2000) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.287.5451.248 · Cited by 4,250 · see citing works
Reactivation of hippocampal ensemble memories during sleep
Wilson, M. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1994) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.8036517 · Cited by 3,118 · see citing works
Self-citationFrom motivation to action: Functional interface between the limbic system and the motor system
MOGENSON, G., JONES, D., & YIM, C. (1980) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/0301-0082(80)90018-0 · Cited by 2,331 · see citing works
The hippocampal-VTA loop: controlling the entry of information into long-term memory
Lisman, J. E., & Grace, A. A. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.05.002 · Cited by 1,983 · see citing works
Hippocampal electrical activity and voluntary movement in the rat
Vanderwolf, C. H. (1969) · Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/0013-4694(69)90092-3 · Cited by 1,928 · see citing works
Reverse replay of behavioural sequences in hippocampal place cells during the awake state
Foster, D. J., & Wilson, M. A. (2006) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature04587 · Cited by 1,727 · see citing works
Coordinated memory replay in the visual cortex and hippocampus during sleep
Ji, D., & Wilson, M. A. (2007) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1825 · Cited by 1,669 · see citing works
Neurobehavioural mechanisms of reward and motivation
Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1996) · Current Opinion in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/s0959-4388(96)80077-8 · Cited by 1,187 · see citing works
Odor cues during slow-wave sleep prompt declarative memory consolidation
Rasch, B., Büchel, C., Gais, S., & Born, J. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1138581 · Cited by 1,181 · see citing works
Replay of neuronal firing sequences in rat hippocampus during sleep following spatial experience
Skaggs, W. E., & McNaughton, B. L. (1996) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.271.5257.1870 · Cited by 1,173 · see citing works
Self-citationTemporally structured replay of awake hippocampal ensemble activity during rapid eye movement sleep
Louie, K., & Wilson, M. A. (2001) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(01)00186-6 · Cited by 1,148 · see citing works
Floresco, S. B., West, A. R., Ash, B., Moore, H., & Grace, A. A. (2003) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn1103 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works
On the significance of subterritories in the “accumbens” part of the rat ventral striatum
Zahm, D. S., & Brog, J. S. (1992) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90202-d · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Prefrontal phase locking to hippocampal theta oscillations
Siapas, A. G., Lubenov, E. V., & Wilson, M. A. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.02.028 · Cited by 1,014 · see citing works
Hippocampal sharp waves: Their origin and significance
Buzsáki, G. (1986) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(86)91483-6 · Cited by 925 · see citing works
Applied Regression Analysis and Other Multivariate Methods.
Iversen, G. R., Kleinbaum, D. G., Kupper, L. L., & Muller, K. E. (1989) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2289682 · Cited by 769 · see citing works
Kudrimoti, H. S., Barnes, C. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-10-04090.1999 · Cited by 753 · see citing works
Self-citationExperience-dependent changes in cerebral activation during human REM sleep
Maquet, P., Laureys, S., Peigneux, P., Fuchs, S., Petiau, C., Phillips, C., Aerts, J., Del Fiore, G., Degueldre, C., Meulemans, T., et al. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77744 · Cited by 747 · see citing works
Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward
Schultz, W., Apicella, P., Scarnati, E., & Ljungberg, T. (1992) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.12-12-04595.1992 · Cited by 744 · see citing works
Pavlides, C., & Winson, J. (1989) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.09-08-02907.1989 · Cited by 684 · see citing works
Fast-Forward Playback of Recent Memory Sequences in Prefrontal Cortex During Sleep
Euston, D. R., Tatsuno, M., & McNaughton, B. L. (2007) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1148979 · Cited by 586 · see citing works
Self-citationCorbit, L. H., Muir, J. L., & Balleine, B. W. (2001) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-09-03251.2001 · Cited by 564 · see citing works
Early sleep triggers memory for early visual discrimination skills
Gais, S., Plihal, W., Wagner, U., & Born, J. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/81881 · Cited by 558 · see citing works
Parkinson, J. A., Olmstead, M. C., Burns, L. H., Robbins, T. W., & Everitt, B. J. (1999) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.19-06-02401.1999 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Roitman, M. F., Wheeler, R. A., & Carelli, R. M. (2005) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.12.055 · Cited by 453 · see citing works
Memory consolidation and reconsolidation: what is the role of sleep?
Stickgold, R., & WALKER, M. (2005) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2005.06.004 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Coordinated Reactivation of Distributed Memory Traces in Primate Neocortex
Hoffman, K. L., & McNaughton, B. L. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1073538 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Self-citationO'Doherty, J. P., Buchanan, T. W., Seymour, B., & Dolan, R. J. (2006) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2005.11.014 · Cited by 322 · see citing works
Hippocampal sharp wave bursts coincide with neocortical “up-state” transitions
Battaglia, F. P., Sutherland, G. R., & McNaughton, B. L. (2004) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.73504 · Cited by 310 · cited 1× · see citing works
“…occurs during hippocampal ripples and shortly thereafter, these high-frequency oscillations and the associated transitions in neocortical states (Battaglia et al., 2004; Siapas et al., 2005) may act as a release mechanism by which the principal cells of VS reactivate motivational information…”
BackgroundSelf-citationMemory reprocessing in corticocortical and hippocampocortical neuronal ensembles
Qin, Y., McNaughton, B. L., Skaggs, W. E., & Barnes, C. A. (1997) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1997.0139 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Self-citationBrief sleep after learning keeps emotional memories alive for years
Wagner, U., Hallschmid, M., Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.03.061 · Cited by 296 · cited 1× · see citing works
“VS reactivation can be hypothesized to contribute a motivational or emotional component to memory consolidation (McGaugh, 2000; Wagner et al., 2006) not only by strengthening intrastriatal input connections (Pennartz et al., 1993; Kombian and Malenka, 1994) but also by affecting reactivation in…”
BackgroundKelley, A. E., Smith‐Roe, S. L., & Holahan, M. R. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.22.12174 · Cited by 293 · see citing works
Dahan, L., Astier, B., Vautrelle, N., Urbain, N., Kocsis, B., & Chouvet, G. (2006) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/sj.npp.1301251 · Cited by 289 · see citing works
Pennartz, C. M. A., Lee, E., Verheul, J., Lipa, P., Barnes, C. A., & McNaughton, B. L. (2004) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.0575-04.2004 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Self-citationAmygdala oscillations and the consolidation of emotional memories
Paré, D. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01924-1 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Modifications of Reward Expectation-Related Neuronal Activity During Learning in Primate Striatum
Tremblay, L., Hollerman, J. R., & Schultz, W. (1998) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.1998.80.2.964 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Influence of Expectation of Different Rewards on Behavior-Related Neuronal Activity in the Striatum
Hassani, O. K., Cromwell, H. C., & Schultz, W. (2001) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.2001.85.6.2477 · Cited by 257 · see citing works
Neural Encoding in Ventral Striatum during Olfactory Discrimination Learning
Setlow, B., Schoenbaum, G. M., & Gallagher, M. (2003) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(03)00264-2 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Dalley, J. W., Lääne, K., Theobald, D. E. H., Armstrong, H. C., Corlett, P. R., Chudasama, Y., & Robbins, T. W. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0502080102 · Cited by 214 · see citing works
Simultaneous LTP of non-NMDA- and LTD of NMDA-receptor-mediated responses in the nucleus accumbens
Kombian, S. B., & Malenka, R. C. (1994) · Nature · doi:10.1038/368242a0 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Shidara, M., Aigner, T. G., & Richmond, B. J. (1998) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.18-07-02613.1998 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Early consolidation of instrumental learning requires protein synthesis in the nucleus accumbens
Hernandez, P. J., Sadeghian, K., & Kelley, A. E. (2002) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn973 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Spatial, movement- and reward-sensitive discharge by medial ventral striatum neurons of rats
Lavoie, A. M., & Mizumori, S. J. Y. (1994) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(94)90645-9 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Synaptic Plasticity in an In Vitro Slice Preparation of the Rat Nucleus Accumbens
Pennartz, C. M. A., Ameerun, R. F., Groenewegen, H. J., & Lopes, F. H. D. S. (1993) · European Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1111/j.1460-9568.1993.tb00475.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationJackson, J. C., Johnson, A. C., & Redish, A. D. (2006) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.4118-06.2006 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Topography of Tactile Learning in Humans
Harris, J. A., Harris, I. M., & Diamond, M. E. (2001) · Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.21-03-01056.2001 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Memory—A Century of Consolidation
McGaugh, J. L. (2002) · The MIT Press eBooks · doi:10.7551/mitpress/3077.003.0015 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Setlow, B., & McGaugh, J. L. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037//0735-7044.112.3.603 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Tatsuno, M., Lipa, P., & McNaughton, B. L. (2006) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3317-06.2006 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Self-citationSetlow, B., & McGaugh, J. L. (1998) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.112.3.603 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Tran, A. H., Tamura, R., Uwano, T., Kobayashi, T., Katsuki, M., & Ono, T. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0409726102 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Shibata, R., Mulder, A. B., Trullier, O., & Wiener, S. I. (2001) · Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00400-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Sargolini, F., Florian, C., Oliverio, A., Mele, A., & Roullet, P. (2003) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.54003 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
The Neurophysiology of Reminiscence
McNaughton, B. L. (1998) · Neurobiology of Learning and Memory · doi:10.1006/nlme.1998.3851 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationMemory reprocessing in corticocortical and hippocampocortical neuronal ensembles
Qin, Y., McNaughton, B. L., Skaggs, W. E., et al. (1998) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780198524533.003.0016 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Diekelmann, S., & Born, J. (2010) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2762 · Cited by 3,760 · see citing works
Rasch, B., & Born, J. (2013) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00032.2012 · Cited by 2,783 · see citing works
“Concurrent replay patterns in the hippocampus occurred shortly before striatal reactivations (699, 700) and, in contrast to hippocampal replay, reactivation in the striatum did not decay during the 40 min recording period (914).”
ResultNeural syntax: cell assemblies, synapsembles, and readers
Buzsáki, G. (2010) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2010.09.023 · Cited by 1,289 · see citing works
The Consolidation and Transformation of Memory
Dudai, Y., Karni, A., & Born, J. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.004 · Cited by 741 · see citing works
System consolidation of memory during sleep
Born, J., & Wilhelm, I. (2012) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-011-0335-6 · Cited by 667 · see citing works
The Restless Engram: Consolidations Never End
Dudai, Y. (2012) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150500 · Cited by 644 · see citing works
Buzsáki, G., & Watson, B. O. (2012) · Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience · doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.4/gbuzsaki · Cited by 579 · see citing works
Hippocampus leads ventral striatum in replay of place-reward information
Lansink, C. S., Goltstein, P. M., Lankelma, J. V., McNaughton, B. L., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2009) · PLoS Biology · doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000173 · Cited by 400 · see citing works
Self-citationBiasing the content of hippocampal replay during sleep
Bendor, D., & Wilson, M. A. (2012) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.3203 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
Limbic and cortical information processing in the nucleus accumbens
Goto, Y., & Grace, A. A. (2008) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2008.08.002 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
The hippocampal-striatal axis in learning, prediction and goal-directed behavior
Pennartz, C. M. A., Ito, R., Verschure, P. F. M. J., Battaglia, F. P., & Robbins, T. W. (2011) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/j.tins.2011.08.001 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationPersistence of hippocampal multivoxel patterns into postencoding rest is related to memory
Tambini, A., & Davachi, L. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1308499110 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Resistance to forgetting associated with hippocampus-mediated reactivation during new learning
Kuhl, B. A., Shah, A. T., DuBrow, S., & Wagner, A. D. (2010) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2498 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
The Cognitive Architecture of Spatial Navigation: Hippocampal and Striatal Contributions
Chersi, F., & Burgess, N. (2015) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2015.09.021 · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Internally generated sequences in learning and executing goal-directed behavior
Pezzulo, G., van der Meer, M. A. A., Lansink, C. S., & Pennartz, C. M. A. (2014) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2014.06.011 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Self-citationCorticostriatal Interactions during Learning, Memory Processing, and Decision Making
Pennartz, C. M. A., Berke, J. D., Graybiel, A. M., Ito, R., Lansink, C. S., van der Meer, M., Redish, A. D., Smith, K. S., & Voorn, P. (2009) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3177-09.2009 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Self-citationPost-learning hippocampal dynamics promote preferential retention of rewarding events
Gruber, M. J., Ritchey, M., Wang, S.-F., Doss, M. K., & Ranganath, C. (2016) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.017 · Cited by 212 · see citing works
Gruber, A. J., & McDonald, R. J. (2012) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00050 · Cited by 173 · see citing works
A unified selection signal for attention and reward in primary visual cortex
Stănişor, L., van der Togt, C., Pennartz, C. M. A., & Roelfsema, P. R. (2013) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1300117110 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Self-citationMechanisms of Action and Persistent Neuroplasticity by Drugs of Abuse
Korpi, E. R., den Hollander, B., Farooq, U., Vashchinkina, E., Rajkumar, R., Nutt, D. J., Hyytiä, P., & Dawe, G. S. (2015) · Pharmacological Reviews · doi:10.1124/pr.115.010967 · Cited by 148 · see citing works
Sjulson, L., Peyrache, A., Cumpelik, A., Cassataro, D., & Buzsáki, G. (2018) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2018.04.015 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Sleep and dreaming are for important matters
Perogamvros, L., Dang-Vu, T. T., Desseilles, M., & Schwartz, S. (2013) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00474 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Yang, M., Logothetis, N. K., & Eschenko, O. (2019) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.2107-18.2018 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Off-line concomitant release of dopamine and glutamate involvement in taste memory consolidation
Guzmán‐Ramos, K., Osorio‐Gómez, D., Moreno‐Castilla, P., & Bermúdez‐Rattoni, F. (2010) · Journal of Neurochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06758.x · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Consciousness, Representation, Action: The Importance of Being Goal-Directed
Pennartz, C. M. A. (2018) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.10.006 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Lansink, C. S., Goltstein, P. M., Lankelma, J. V., Joosten, R. N. J. M. A., McNaughton, B. L., & Pennartz, C. M. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NL)
- University of Arizona (US)
- Corresponding author
- Pennartz, C. M. A.
- Venue
- Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2008-06-18
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 25
- Pages
- 6372-6382
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC3844781
- OpenAlex
- W2055277267
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 60
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 14
- FWCI
- 5.01
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UvA-DARE (University of Amsterdam) (publishedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Universiteit van Amsterdam
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek (918-46-609)
- National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH046823, R37MH046823, MH046823)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
- Keywords
- ventral striatum, spontaneous reactivation, memory consolidation, reward processing, slow-wave sleep, REM sleep, quiet wakefulness, neuronal ensembles, spike trains, cell assemblies
- MeSH terms
- Action Potentials, Animals, Basal Ganglia, Choice Behavior, Male, Motivation, Reward, Rats, Wistar, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review