Brain rhythms and neural syntax: implications for efficient coding of cognitive content and neuropsychiatric disease.

Buzsáki, György; Watson, Brendon O.

doi:10.31887/dcns.2012.14.4/gbuzsaki

Cited by 579Neural dynamics and brain functionNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurological disorders and treatments

Brain rhythms and neural syntax: implications for efficient coding of cognitive content and neuropsychiatric disease.

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Buzsáki, György, Watson, Brendon O.·2012·Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience

DOI 10.31887/dcns.2012.14.4/gbuzsakiPMC PMC3553572

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Abstract

The perpetual activity of the cerebral cortex is largely supported by the variety of oscillations the brain generates, spanning a number of frequencies and anatomical locations, as well as behavioral correlates. First, we review findings from animal studies showing that most forms of brain rhythms are inhibition-based, producing rhythmic volleys of inhibitory inputs to principal cell populations, thereby providing alternating temporal windows of relatively reduced and enhanced excitability in neuronal networks. These inhibition-based mechanisms offer natural temporal frames to group or "chunk" neuronal activity into cell assemblies and sequences of assemblies, with more complex multi-oscillation interactions creating syntactical rules for the effective exchange of information among cortical networks. We then review recent studies in human psychiatric patients demonstrating a variety alterations in neural oscillations across all major psychiatric diseases, and suggest possible future research directions and treatment approaches based on the fundamental properties of brain rhythms.

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SOHM dynamics may help explain why oscillations tend to occur at faster rates in organisms with smaller brains, because smaller systems are likely to arrive at synchronous equilibria more quickly.
“SOHM dynamics may help to explain many kinds of rhythmic phenomena, such as the fact that oscillations tend to occur at faster rates in organisms with smaller brains (Buzsáki and Watson, 2012); all else being equal, smaller systems are likely to arrive at synchronous equilibria more quickly, with larger systems requiring relatively more time for synchronizing their micro-dynamics.”
From An Integrated World Modeling Theory (IWMT) of Consciousness (2020) · cites this paper as Buzsáki and Watson, 2012
In “Preservation of brain rhythms in the mammalian order” (page not supplied), the paper says hippocampal theta oscillations are perhaps the only known rhythm whose frequency scales inversely with brain size. It also says brain-rhythm frequencies vary little across mammals, so the cited source supports the theta example, not the broader claim that oscillations generally tend to be faster in smaller-brained organisms. The sentence presents the synchronous-equilibria explanation as the citing authors’ own reasoning, not as a claim from this source. (LLM, conf=0.87)
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Untitled work
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“] SOHM dynamics may help to explain many kinds of rhythmic phenomena, such as the fact that oscillations tend to occur at faster rates in organisms with smaller brains (Buzsáki and Watson, 2012); all else being equal, smaller systems are likely to arrive at synchronous equilibria more quickly, with larger systems requ…”
Background
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Authors: Buzsáki, G., & Watson, B. O.
Affiliations: New York University (US)
Weill Cornell Medicine (US)
Corresponding author: Buzsáki, György
ORCID: Buzsáki, György
Watson, Brendon O.
Venue: Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience
Publisher: Informa UK Limited
Published: 2012-12-31
Volume: 14
Issue: 4
Pages: 345-367
ISSN: 1294-8322 (ISSN-L)
1958-5969
DOI: 10.31887/dcns.2012.14.4/gbuzsaki
PMC: PMC3553572
OpenAlex: W4214953342
Cited by: 579
References: 233
Citations by year: 2026: 37 · 2025: 47 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 36 · 2022: 64 · 2021: 61 · 2020: 50 · 2019: 48 · 2018: 41 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 47 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 9
FWCI: 10.98
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: diamond
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ (vor)
Locations: Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH054671)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural dynamics and brain function
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
Keywords: neural oscillations, efficient coding, neuronal excitability, cell assemblies, cortical networks, mental illness, neuropsychiatric disorders, neuromodulation
MeSH terms: Animals, Mental Disorders, Brain, Cognition, Cortical Synchronization, Humans, Periodicity

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Brain rhythms and neural syntax: implications for efficient coding of cognitive content and neuropsychiatric disease.

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