Serotonin Decreases the Gain of Visual Responses in Awake Macaque V1
Open accessAbstract
Serotonin, an important neuromodulator in the brain, is implicated in affective and cognitive functions. However, its role even for basic cortical processes is controversial. For example, in the mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), heterogenous serotonergic modulation has been observed in anesthetized animals. Here, we combined extracellular single-unit recordings with iontophoresis in awake animals. We examined the role of serotonin on well-defined tuning properties (orientation, spatial frequency, contrast, and size) in V1 of two male macaque monkeys. We find that in the awake macaque the modulatory effect of serotonin is surprisingly uniform: it causes a mainly multiplicative decrease of the visual responses and a slight increase in the stimulus-selective response latency. Moreover, serotonin neither systematically changes the selectivity or variability of the response, nor the interneuronal correlation unexplained by the stimulus (“noise-correlation”). The modulation by serotonin has qualitative similarities with that for a decrease in stimulus contrast, but differs quantitatively from decreasing contrast. It can be captured by a simple additive change to a threshold-linear spiking nonlinearity. Together, our results show that serotonin is well suited to control the response gain of neurons in V1 depending on the animal's behavioral or motivational context, complementing other known state-dependent gain-control mechanisms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Serotonin is an important neuromodulator in the brain and a major target for drugs used to treat psychiatric disorders. Nonetheless, surprisingly little is known about how it shapes information processing in sensory areas. Here we examined the serotonergic modulation of visual processing in the primary visual cortex of awake behaving macaque monkeys. We found that serotonin mainly decreased the gain of the visual responses, without systematically changing their selectivity, variability, or covariability. This identifies a simple computational function of serotonin for state-dependent sensory processing, depending on the animal's affective or motivational state.
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In macaque V1, locally applied serotonin reduces gain of responses of excitatory neurons to visual stimuli.
“In macaque V1, locally applied serotonin reduces the gain of responses of excitatory neurons to visual stimuli200.”
From Mechanisms underlying gain modulation in the cortex (2020) · cites this paper as [200]
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- Authors
- Seillier, L., Lorenz, C., Kawaguchi, K., Ott, T., Nieder, A., Pourriahi, P., & Nienborg, H.
- Affiliations
- University of Tübingen (DE)
- Corresponding author
- Nienborg, Hendrikje
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Society for Neuroscience
- Published
- 2017-10-17
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 47
- Pages
- 11390-11405
- ISSN
- 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
- 1529-2401
- PMC
- PMC5700422
- OpenAlex
- W2766850030
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4
- FWCI
- 3.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung
- Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG EXC307, EXC307)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Keywords
- serotonin, primary visual cortex, gain control, neuromodulation, orientation selectivity, spatial frequency tuning, contrast sensitivity, size selectivity, response latency, noise correlation, macaque, awake behaving animals
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Evoked Potentials, Visual, Iontophoresis, Macaca mulatta, Male, Reaction Time, Serotonin, Visual Cortex, Wakefulness
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