Specificity in the Projections of Prefrontal and Insular Cortex to Ventral Striatopallidum and the Extended Amygdala

Reynolds, Sheila M.; Zahm, Daniel S.

doi:10.1523/jneurosci.3432-05.2005

Cited by 239Memory and Neural MechanismsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior

Specificity in the Projections of Prefrontal and Insular Cortex to Ventral Striatopallidum and the Extended Amygdala

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Reynolds, Sheila M., Zahm, Daniel S.·2005·The Journal of Neuroscience

DOI 10.1523/jneurosci.3432-05.2005PMC PMC6726011

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Abstract

The basal forebrain functional-anatomical macrosystems, ventral striatopallidum, and extended amygdala are innervated by substantially coextensive distributions of neurons in the prefrontal and insular cortex. This suggests two alternative organizational schemes: convergent, in which a given cortical area projects exclusively to only one of these macrosystems and divergent, in which a given cortical area innervates both forebrain macrosystems. To examine the underlying organization and possibly discriminate between these alternatives, rats were injected with two retrograde tracers in different parts of ventral striatopallidum or extended amygdala (homotypic injection pairs) or with one tracer in each macrosystem (heterotypic). The prefrontal and insular cortex was evaluated microscopically for overlap of retrograde labeling and double labeling of neurons. Homotypic injection pairs in the ventral striatum and extended amygdala produced extensive overlap of retrogradely labeled neurons and significant double labeling, suggesting that cortical projections spread broadly within macrosystems. In contrast, heterotypic injection pairs produced significant overlap of retrograde labeling but negligible double labeling, indicating that ventral striatopallidum and extended amygdala receive inputs from separate sets of prefronto- and insular cortical neurons. The caudomedial shell of the nucleus accumbens, a supposed “transition” zone between striatopallidum and extended amygdala, had extended amygdala-like afferents but produced few double-labeled neurons and these only when paired with ventral striatopallidum. The data suggest that a modular organization of the basal forebrain, with postulated independent information processing by the ventral striatopallidal and extended amygdala macrosystems, is reflected in a corresponding segregation of output neurons in the prefrontal and insular cortices.

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Co-occurring increases in insula and amygdala activity were greater in individuals with PTSD than combat-exposed or non-combat exposed controls during trauma reminders and fear acquisition.
“co-occurring increases in insula and amygdala activity were found to be greater in individuals with PTSD than combat-exposed or non–combat exposed controls during trauma reminders59 and fear acquisition.60”
From Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity in men with posttraumatic stress disorder (2012) · cites this paper as [60]

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Authors: Reynolds, S. M., & Zahm, D. S.
Affiliations: Saint Louis University (US)
ORCID: Zahm, Daniel S.
Venue: The Journal of Neuroscience
Publisher: Society for Neuroscience
Published: 2005-12-14
Volume: 25
Issue: 50
Pages: 11757-11767
ISSN: 0270-6474 (ISSN-L)
1529-2401
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.3432-05.2005
PMC: PMC6726011
OpenAlex: W2024573677
Cited by: 239
References: 80
Citations by year: 2026: 5 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 4.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-sa
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/ (vor, 182 d)
Locations: Journal of Neuroscience (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-sa)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
U.S. Public Health Service
National Institute on Drug Abuse (F32DA016011)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS23805, R01NS023805)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Keywords: prefrontal cortex, insula, extended amygdala, cortical projections, retrograde tracing, double labeling, modular organization, rats
MeSH terms: Amygdala, Animals, Cerebral Cortex, Corpus Striatum, Globus Pallidus, Male, Neural Pathways, Rats, Sprague-Dawley, Prefrontal Cortex, Rats

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Specificity in the Projections of Prefrontal and Insular Cortex to Ventral Striatopallidum and the Extended Amygdala

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