Statistical Methods For Assessing Measurement Error (Reliability) in Variables Relevant to Sports Medicine

STATISTICAL METHODS FOR ASSESSING AGREEMENT BETWEEN TWO METHODS OF CLINICAL MEASUREMENT

Martin Bland, J., & Altman, D. (1986) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(86)90837-8 · Cited by 47,965

Practical Statistics for Medical Research

Altman, D. G. (1990) · doi:10.1201/9780429258589 · Cited by 10,668

Measures of Reliability in Sports Medicine and Science

Hopkins, W. G. (2000) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200030010-00001 · Cited by 4,635

Match performance of high-standard soccer players with special reference to development of fatigue

MOHR, M., KRUSTRUP, P., & BANGSBO, J. (2003) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/0264041031000071182 · Cited by 2,098

Lactate Threshold Concepts: How Valid are They?

Faude, O., Kindermann, W., & Meyer, T. (2009) · Sports Medicine · doi:10.2165/00007256-200939060-00003 · Cited by 882

Reliability: what is it, and how is it measured?

Bruton, A., Conway, J. H., & Holgate, S. T. (2000) · Physiotherapy · doi:10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61211-4 · Cited by 763

Wearable Sleep Technology in Clinical and Research Settings

DE ZAMBOTTI, M., CELLINI, N., GOLDSTONE, A., COLRAIN, I. M., & BAKER, F. C. (2019) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000001947 · Cited by 564

Branched equation modeling of simultaneous accelerometry and heart rate monitoring improves estimate of directly measured physical activity energy expenditure

Brage, S., Brage, N., Franks, P. W., Ekelund, U., Wong, M.-Y., Andersen, L. B., Froberg, K., & Wareham, N. J. (2004) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00703.2003 · Cited by 473

How many days of pedometer monitoring predict weekly physical activity in adults?

TUDORLOCKE, C., BURKETT, L., REIS, J., AINSWORTH, B., MACERA, C., & WILSON, D. (2005) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2004.06.003 · Cited by 479

The reliability and validity of ultrasound to quantify muscles in older adults: A systematic review

Nijholt, W., Scafoglieri, A., Jager‐Wittenaar, H., Hobbelen, J. S. M., & van der Schans, C. P. (2017) · Journal of Cachexia Sarcopenia and Muscle · doi:10.1002/jcsm.12210 · Cited by 459

Validity and reliability of the Kinovea program in obtaining angles and distances using coordinates in 4 perspectives

Puig-Diví, A., Escalona-Marfil, C., Padullés-Riu, J. M., Busquets, A., Padullés-Chando, X., & Marcos-Ruiz, D. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0216448 · Cited by 434

Psychometric properties of the Fatigue Severity Scale and the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale

Learmonth, Y. C., Dlugonski, D., Pilutti, L. A., Sandroff, B. M., Klaren, R., & Motl, R. W. (2013) · Journal of the Neurological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jns.2013.05.023 · Cited by 349

Monitoring Fatigue Status in Elite Team-Sport Athletes: Implications for Practice

Thorpe, R. T., Atkinson, G., Drust, B., & Gregson, W. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0434 · Cited by 328

Inertial Measurement Units for Clinical Movement Analysis: Reliability and Concurrent Validity

Al-Amri, M., Nicholas, K., Button, K., Sparkes, V., Sheeran, L., & Davies, J. (2018) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s18030719 · Cited by 318

The reliability of short-term measurements of heart rate variability

Sandercock, G. R. H., Bromley, P. D., & Brodie, D. A. (2005) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2004.09.013 · Cited by 307

Validity and Reliability of Short-Term Heart-Rate Variability from the Polar S810

NUNAN, D., DONOVAN, G., JAKOVLJEVIC, D. G., HODGES, L. D., SANDERCOCK, G. R. H., & BRODIE, D. A. (2009) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0b013e318184a4b1 · Cited by 302

Individual response to exercise training - a statistical perspective

Hecksteden, A., Kraushaar, J., Scharhag-Rosenberger, F., Theisen, D., Senn, S., & Meyer, T. (2015) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00714.2014 · Cited by 289

Comparison of a subjective and an objective measure of physical activity in a population sample

Hagstromer, M., Ainsworth, B. E., Oja, P., & Sjostrom, M. (2010) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.7.4.541 · Cited by 255

Accuracy and reliability of the ParvoMedics TrueOne 2400 and MedGraphics VO2000 metabolic systems

Crouter, S. E., Antczak, A., Hudak, J. R., DellaValle, D. M., & Haas, J. D. (2006) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-006-0255-0 · Cited by 240

Dose-Response Matters! - A Perspective on the Exercise Prescription in Exercise-Cognition Research

Herold, F., Müller, P., Gronwald, T., & Müller, N. G. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02338 · Cited by 196

Performance comparison of the MOXY and PortaMon near-infrared spectroscopy muscle oximeters at rest and during exercise

McManus, C. J., Collison, J., & Cooper, C. E. (2018) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.23.1.015007 · Cited by 175

Comparing test–retest reliability and magnitude of conditioned pain modulation using different combinations of test and conditioning stimuli

Imai, Y., Petersen, K. K., Mørch, C. D., & Arendt Nielsen, L. (2016) · Somatosensory & Motor Research · doi:10.1080/08990220.2016.1229178 · Cited by 127

Comparison of two Actigraph models for assessing free-living physical activity in Indian adolescents

Corder, K., Brage, S., Ramachandran, A., Snehalatha, C., Wareham, N., & Ekelund, U. (2007) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410701283841 · Cited by 120

Concurrent validation of an inertial measurement system to quantify kicking biomechanics in four football codes

Blair, S., Duthie, G., Robertson, S., Hopkins, W., & Ball, K. (2018) · Journal of Biomechanics · doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.03.031 · Cited by 117

Reliability of techniques to assess human neuromuscular function in vivo

Clark, B. C., Cook, S. B., & Ploutz-Snyder, L. L. (2007) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2005.11.008 · Cited by 107

Reliability of ratings of perceived exertion during progressive treadmill exercise.

Lamb, K. L., Eston, R. G., & Corns, D. (1999) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsm.33.5.336 · Cited by 105

Short-term stability of resting heart rate variability: influence of position and gender.

Young, F. L. S., & Leicht, A. S. (2011) · Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism · doi:10.1139/h10-103 · Cited by 105

Pedometer reliability, validity and daily activity targets among 10- to 15-year-old boys

Jago, R., Watson, K., Baranowski, T., Zakeri, I., Yoo, S., Baranowski, J., & Conry, K. (2006) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640410500141661 · Cited by 94

Interrater and Intrarater Reliability of the Beighton Score: A Systematic Review

Bockhorn, L. N., Vera, A. M., Dong, D., Delgado, D. A., Varner, K. E., & Harris, J. D. (2021) · Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1177/2325967120968099 · Cited by 85

Tutorial on use of intraclass correlation coefficients for assessing intertest reliability and its application in functional near-infrared spectroscopy–based brain imaging

Li, L., Zeng, L., Lin, Z.-J., Cazzell, M., & Liu, H. (2015) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.20.5.050801 · Cited by 78

Principles of Statistics

Riemann, B. L., & Lininger, M. R. (2018) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2018.03.004 · Cited by 71

Reliability of near-infrared spectroscopy for measuring biceps brachii oxygenation during sustained and repeated isometric contractions

Muthalib, M., Millet, G. Y., Quaresima, V., & Nosaka, K. (2010) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.3309746 · Cited by 71

The rate of force development scaling factor (RFD-SF): protocol, reliability, and muscle comparisons

Bellumori, M., Jaric, S., & Knight, C. A. (2011) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/s00221-011-2735-7 · Cited by 65

A simplified strategy for the estimation of the exercise ventilatory thresholds

Neder, J. A., & Stein, R. (2006) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/01.mss.0000218141.90442.6c · Cited by 63

Validation and Acceptability of a Cuffless Wrist-Worn Wearable Blood Pressure Monitoring Device Among Users and Health Care Professionals: Mixed Methods Study

Islam, S. M. S., Cartledge, S., Karmakar, C., Rawstorn, J. C., Fraser, S. F., Chow, C., & Maddison, R. (2019) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/14706 · Cited by 57

Reproducibility of near-infrared spectroscopy parameters measured during brachial artery occlusion and reactive hyperemia in healthy men

Lacroix, S., Gayda, M., Gremeaux, V., Juneau, M., Nigam, A., & Tardif, J.-C. (2012) · Journal of Biomedical Optics · doi:10.1117/1.jbo.17.7.077010 · Cited by 52

Pilot study assessing the influence of skin type on the heart rate measurements obtained by photoplethysmography with the Apple Watch

Sañudo, B., De Hoyo, M., Muñoz-López, A., Perry, J., & Abt, G. (2019) · Journal of Medical Systems · doi:10.1007/s10916-019-1325-2 · Cited by 48

Reliability and validity of the lactate Pro 2 analyzer

Crotty, N. M., Boland, M., Mahony, N., Donne, B., & Fleming, N. (2021) · Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science · doi:10.1080/1091367x.2020.1865966 · Cited by 50

Validity, Sensitivity, Reproducibility, and Robustness of the PowerTap, Stages, and Garmin Vector Power Meters in Comparison With the SRM Device

Bouillod, A., Pinot, J., Soto-Romero, G., Bertucci, W., & Grappe, F. (2017) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2016-0436 · Cited by 49

Comparing the reliability of muscle oxygen saturation with common performance and physiological markers across cycling exercise intensity

Yogev, A., Arnold, J., Nelson, H., Clarke, D. C., Guenette, J. A., Sporer, B. C., & Koehle, M. S. (2023) · Frontiers in Sports and Active Living · doi:10.3389/fspor.2023.1143393 · Cited by 40

Reliability of NIRS portable device for measuring intercostal muscles oxygenation during exercise

Contreras-Briceño, F., Espinosa-Ramirez, M., Hevia, G., Llambias, D., Carrasco, M., Cerda, F., López-Fuenzalida, A., García, P., Gabrielli, L., & Viscor, G. (2019) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2019.1653422 · Cited by 40

Vitamin D supplementation does not improve human skeletal muscle contractile properties in insufficient young males

Owens, D. J., Webber, D., Impey, S. G., Tang, J., Donovan, T. F., Fraser, W. D., Morton, J. P., & Close, G. L. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2865-2 · Cited by 39

Physical Fitness Profiling of National Category Table Tennis Players: Implication for Health and Performance

Picabea, J. M., Cámara, J., & Yanci, J. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18179362 · Cited by 38

Reliability and Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate: Buffering and 2000-m Rowing Performance

Carr, A. J., Slater, G. J., Gore, C. J., Dawson, B., & Burke, L. M. (2012) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.7.2.152 · Cited by 35

Test–retest reliability of skeletal muscle oxygenation measurements during submaximal cycling exercise in patients with chronic heart failure

Niemeijer, V. M., Spee, R. F., Jansen, J. P., Buskermolen, A. B. C., van Dijk, T., Wijn, P. F. F., & Kemps, H. M. C. (2017) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12269 · Cited by 33

Reliability of V Sit-and-Reach Test Used for Flexibility Self-Assessment in Females

Cuberek, R., Machová, I., & Lipenská, M. (2013) · Acta Gymnica · doi:10.5507/ag.2013.004 · Cited by 29

The reproducibility of 4-km time trial (TT) performance following individualised sodium bicarbonate supplementation: a randomised controlled trial in trained cyclists

Gough, L. A., Deb, S. K., Sparks, A., & McNaughton, L. R. (2017) · Sports Medicine - Open · doi:10.1186/s40798-017-0101-4 · Cited by 30

Psychometric properties of quality of life and health-related quality of life assessments in people with multiple sclerosis

Learmonth, Y. C., Hubbard, E. A., McAuley, E., & Motl, R. W. (2014) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-014-0639-2 · Cited by 28

Effects of Dietary Nitrates on Time Trial Performance in Athletes with Different Training Status: Systematic Review

Hlinský, T., Kumstát, M., & Vajda, P. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12092734 · Cited by 26

Reliability of telemetric electromyography and near-infrared spectroscopy during high-intensity resistance exercise

Scott, B. R., Slattery, K. M., Sculley, D. V., Lockie, R. G., & Dascombe, B. J. (2014) · Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology · doi:10.1016/j.jelekin.2014.07.008 · Cited by 26

Using a Portable Near-infrared Spectroscopy Device to Estimate The Second Ventilatory Threshold

Rodrigo-Carranza, V., González-Mohíno, F., Turner, A. P., Rodriguez-Barbero, S., & González-Ravé, J. M. (2021) · International Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1055/a-1343-2127 · Cited by 24

Variability of PlayerLoad, Bowling Velocity, and Performance Execution in Fast Bowlers Across Repeated Bowling Spells

McNamara, D. J., Gabbett, T. J., Chapman, P., Naughton, G., & Farhart, P. (2015) · International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance · doi:10.1123/ijspp.2014-0497 · Cited by 24

Differences between the Vastus Lateralis and Gastrocnemius Lateralis in the Assessment Ability of Breakpoints of Muscle Oxygenation for Aerobic Capacity Indices During an Incremental Cycling Exercise.

(2012) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 23

Test–retest reliability of skeletal muscle oxygenation measurement using near-infrared spectroscopy during exercise in patients with sport-related iliac artery flow limitation

van Hooff, M., Meijer, E. J., Scheltinga, M. R. M., Savelberg, H. H. C. M., & Schep, G. (2022) · Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging · doi:10.1111/cpf.12738 · Cited by 20

Reliability of a wearable sweat rate monitor and routine sweat analysis techniques under heat stress in females

Relf, R., Willmott, A., Flint, M. S., Beale, L., & Maxwell, N. (2019) · Journal of Thermal Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jtherbio.2018.12.019 · Cited by 19

Reproducibility of Sagittal Pelvic Tilt Measurements in Normal Subjects Using Digital Inclinometry

Prushansky, T., Ezra, N., Kurse, N., Man, L., & Schneiderman, Y. (2008) · Gait & Posture · doi:10.1016/j.gaitpost.2008.01.015 · Cited by 17

Evaluating a new wearable lactate threshold sensor in recreational to highly trained cyclists

Driller, M., Borges, N., & Plews, D. (2016) · Sports Engineering · doi:10.1007/s12283-016-0198-6 · Cited by 15

Evaluating the stroop test with older adults: construct validity, short term test-retest reliability, and sensitivity to mental fatigue

Faria, L. O., Frois, T., Fortes, L. D. S., Bertola, L., & Albuquerque, M. R. (2024) · Perceptual and Motor Skills · doi:10.1177/00315125241253425 · Cited by 15

Muscle reoxygenation is slower after higher cycling intensity, and is faster and more reliable in locomotor than in accessory muscle sites

Arnold, J. I., Yogev, A., Nelson, H., van Hooff, M., & Koehle, M. S. (2024) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2024.1449384 · Cited by 8

Reproducibility of 24-h heart rate variability in children

Bjelakovic, B., Ilic, D., Lukic, S., Vukomanovic, V., Zarko, C., Stankovic, Z., & Marko, J. (2017) · Clinical Autonomic Research · doi:10.1007/s10286-017-0445-3 · Cited by 7

Reliability of a Computer Software Angle Tool for Measuring Spine and Pelvic Flexibility during the Sit-and-Reach Test

Mier, C. M., & Shapiro, B. S. (2013) · Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research · doi:10.1519/jsc.0b013e318257806d · Cited by 6

Agreement between muscle oxygen saturation from two commercially available systems in endurance running: Moxy Monitor versus Humon Hex

Jaén-Carrillo, D., Roche-Seruendo, L. E., Cartón-Llorente, A., & García-Pinillos, F. (2022) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1177/17543371211015764 · Cited by 6

The validity of the Moxus Modular metabolic system during incremental exercise tests: impacts on detection of small changes in oxygen consumption

Beltrami, F. G., Froyd, C., Mamen, A., & Noakes, T. D. (2014) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-014-2825-x · Cited by 5

Test-retest reliability of physiological variables during submaximal seated upper-body poling in able-bodied participants

Ettema, M., Brurok, B., & Baumgart, J. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.749356 · Cited by 4

Intra-Reliability of a Wearable Near-Infrared Sensor for Monitoring the Intensity of Exercise

Michalik, K., Smolarek, M., Nowak, M., Pueo, B., & Żmijewski, P. (2024) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app14135856 · Cited by 3

Towards an understanding of physical activity in people with chronic low back pain

Griffin, D. W. (2013) · University of Limerick · doi:10.34961/7893 · Cited by 1

External validation of bioelectrical impedance analysis equations for body composition against dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in Mexican recreational runners

Vázquez-Bautista, M. A., Robles-Sardin, A. E., Reséndiz-Sandoval, M., Navarro-Ibarra, M. J., Hernández López, J., & Caire-Juvera, G. (2025) · BIOtecnia · doi:10.18633/biotecnia.v27.2512